Spatial and temporal dynamics of the abundance of crustose calcareous algae on the southernmost coral reefs of the western Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, Brazil)

Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.,Bahia, Ricardo G.,Mariath, Rodrigo,Jesionek, Michel B.,Moura, Rodrigo Leao,Bastos, Alex C.,Pereira-Filho, Guilherme Henrique,Francini-Filho, Ronaldo Bastos The Korean Society of Phycology 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1

Crustose calcareous algae (CCA) constitute one of the main reef builders on the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Once CCA taxonomy is locally understood, differences in growth-forms may be useful for the delimitation of taxa using characteristics such as the presence or absence of surface protuberances. Here, growth-forms were used to identify and quantify the most common CCA taxa on the shallow reefs (3-10 m) of the Abrolhos Bank to determine possible changes in the CCA community over a period of 10 years, and the ecological significance of CCA to local reefs was interpreted. The CCA assemblages were surveyed from 2006-2015 by using fixed photoquadrats at four sites in the inner (10-20 km from the mainland) and mid-shelf reefs (40-75 km from the mainland). The five most common CCA taxa were Pneophyllum conicum, the Lithophyllum kaiserii / Lithophyllum sp. complex, Melyvonnea erubescens, the Hydrolithon boergesenii / Porolithon onkodes complex and Peyssonelia sp. The overall mean CCA cover on the reefs was 20%. A comparison with a previous monitoring study in the same region indicated that the CCA cover nearly doubled from 2003-2008 to 2006-2015. This study reveals that the coral-killing species P. conicum dominated CCA flora on the shallow Abrolhos reefs in the last decade, and the local specific abundance of CCA slightly fluctuated over time and was species- and site-specific. The information obtained in this study contributes to the understanding of the ecology of the key calcifying components of the Abrolhos reefs and provides a useful baseline for exploring the responses of CCA to future environmental changes.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the abundance of crustose calcareous algae on the southernmost coral reefs of the western Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, Brazil)

Gilberto M. Amado-Filho,Ricardo G. Bahia,Rodrigo Mariath,Michel B. Jesionek,Rodrigo Leão Moura,Alex C. Bastos,Guilherme Henrique Pereira-Filho,Ronaldo Bastos Francini-Filho 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1

Crustose calcareous algae (CCA) constitute one of the main reef builders on the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Once CCA taxonomy is locally understood, differences in growth-forms may be useful for the delimitation of taxa using characteristics such as the presence or absence of surface protuberances. Here, growth-forms were used to identify and quantify the most common CCA taxa on the shallow reefs (3-10 m) of the Abrolhos Bank to determine possible changes in the CCA community over a period of 10 years, and the ecological significance of CCA to local reefs was interpreted. The CCA assemblages were surveyed from 2006-2015 by using fixed photoquadrats at four sites in the inner (10-20 km from the mainland) and mid-shelf reefs (40-75 km from the mainland). The five most common CCA taxa were Pneophyllum conicum, the Lithophyllum kaiserii / Lithophyllum sp. complex, Melyvonnea erubescens, the Hydrolithon boergesenii / Porolithon onkodes complex and Peyssonelia sp. The overall mean CCA cover on the reefs was 20%. A comparison with a previous monitoring study in the same region indicated that the CCA cover nearly doubled from 2003-2008 to 2006-2015. This study reveals that the coral-killing species P. conicum dominated CCA flora on the shallow Abrolhos reefs in the last decade, and the local specific abundance of CCA slightly fluctuated over time and was species- and site-specific. The information obtained in this study contributes to the understanding of the ecology of the key calcifying components of the Abrolhos reefs and provides a useful baseline for exploring the responses of CCA to future environmental changes.

Quercetin: Further Investigation of its Antinociceptive Properties and Mechanisms of Action

Filho, Arnaldo Willain,Filho, Valdir Cechinel,Olinger, Leonardo,Souza, Marcia Maria de 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.6

The antinociceptive action of quercetin, a common bioactive flavonoid present in many medicinal plants, was assessed in different models of chemical and thermal nociception in mice. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p. or 100-500 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited nociceptive behavior in the acetic acid-induced pain test. Moreover, quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited both phases of formalin-induced pain, with $ID_{50}$ values of 374.1 (68.0-402.0) mmol/kg and 103.0 (45.0-201.0) mmol/kg, for the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, respectively. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg) also inhibited the nociception induced by glutamate and capsaicin by 68.2% and 75.5%, respectively. Its analgesic action was significantly reversed by p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, katanserin, methysergide, a $GABA_A$ antagonist (bicuculline), or a $GABA_B$ antagonists (baclofen). Its action was also modulated by tachykinins, but was not affected by adrenal-gland hormones. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effects did not result from muscle-relaxant or sedative action. Together, these results indicate that quercetin produces dose-related anti-nociception in several models of chemical pain, through mechanisms that involve interaction with L-arginine-nitric oxide, serotonin, and GABAergic systems. These results confirm and extend other investigations on the analgesic effect of quercetin and its mechanisms of action.

Push-out bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement used as endodontic sealer

Gurgel-Filho, Eduardo Diogo,Lima, Felipe Coelho,Saboia, Vicente De Paula Aragao,Coutinho-Filho, Tauby De Souza,Neves, Aline De Almeida,da Silva, Emmanuel Joao Nogueira Leal The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the bond strength of RelyX Unicem (3M) to root canal dentin when used as an endodontic sealer. Materials and Methods: Samples of 24 single-rooted teeth were prepared with Gates Glidden drills and K3 files. After that, the roots were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 8) according to the filling material, (1) AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH)/Gutta-Percha cone; (2) Epiphany SE (Pentron)/Resilon cone; (3) RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha cone. All roots were filled using a single cone technique associated to vertical condensation. After the filling procedures, each tooth was prepared for a push-out bond strenght test by cutting 1 mm-thick root slices. Loading was performed on a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used to compare the results among the experimental groups. Results: Epiphany SE/Resilon showed significantly lower push-out bond strength than both AH Plus/Gutta-Percha and RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bond strength between AH Plus/Gutta-Percha and RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the present in vitro conditions, bond strength to root dentin promoted by RelyX Unicem was similar to AH Plus. Epiphany SE/Resilon resulted in lower bond strength values when compared to both materials.

Quercetin: Further Investigation of its Antinociceptive Properties and Mechanisms of Action

Arnaldo Willain Filho,Valdir Cechinel Filho,Leonardo Olinger,Marcia Maria de Souza 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.6

The antinociceptive action of quercetin, a common bioactive flavonoid present in many medicinal plants, was assessed in different models of chemical and thermal nociception in mice. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p. or 100-500 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited nociceptive behavior in the acetic acid-induced pain test. Moreover, quercetin (10-60 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited both phases of formalin-induced pain, with ID50 values of 374.1 (68.0-402.0) mmol/kg and 103.0 (45.0-201.0) mmol/kg, for the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, respectively. Quercetin (10-60 mg/kg) also inhibited the nociception induced by glutamate and capsaicin by 68.2% and 75.5%, respectively. Its analgesic action was significantly reversed by p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, katanserin, methysergide, a GABAA antagonist (bicuculline), or a GABAB antagonists (baclofen). Its action was also modulated by tachykinins, but was not affected by adrenal-gland hormones. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effects did not result from muscle-relaxant or sedative action. Together, these results indicate that quercetin produces dose-related anti-nociception in several models of chemical pain, through mechanisms that involve interaction with L-arginine-nitric oxide, serotonin, and GABAergic systems. These results confirm and extend other investigations on the analgesic effect of quercetin and its mechanisms of action.

Push-out bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement used as endodontic sealer

Eduardo Diogo Gurgel-Filho,Felipe Coelho Lima,Vicente de Paula Aragão Saboia,Tauby de Souza Coutinho-Filho,Aline de Almeida Neves,Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the bond strength of RelyX Unicem (3M) to root canal dentin when used as an endodontic sealer. Materials and Methods: Samples of 24 single-rooted teeth were prepared with Gates Glidden drills and K3 files. After that, the roots were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 8) according to the filling material, (1) AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH)/ Gutta-Percha cone; (2) Epiphany SE (Pentron)/Resilon cone; (3) RelyX Unicem/Gutta- Percha cone. All roots were filled using a single cone technique associated to vertical condensation. After the filling procedures, each tooth was prepared for a push-out bond strenght test by cutting 1 mm-thick root slices. Loading was performed on a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used to compare the results among the experimental groups. Results: Epiphany SE/Resilon showed significantly lower pushout bond strength than both AH Plus/Gutta-Percha and RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bond strength between AH Plus/Gutta- Percha and RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the present in vitro conditions, bond strength to root dentin promoted by RelyX Unicem was similar to AH Plus. Epiphany SE/Resilon resulted in lower bond strength values when compared to both materials.

Ingestive Behavior of Lambs Confined in Individual and Group Stalls

Filho, A. Eustaquio,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Pires, A.J.V.,Silva, R.R.,Santos, P.E.F.,Murta, R.M.,Pereira, F.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.2

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

A laminated composite plate finite element a-priori corrected for locking

Filho, Joao Elias Abdalla,Belo, Ivan Moura,Pereira, Michele Schunemann Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.5

A four-node plate finite element for the analysis of laminated composites which is developed using strain gradient notation is presented. The element is based on a first-order shear deformation theory and on the equivalent lamina assumption. Strains and stresses can be calculated at different points through the thickness of the plate. They are averaged values due to the equivalent lamina assumption. A shear correction factor is used as the transverse shear strain is taken to be constant over the plate thickness while its actual variation is parabolic. Strain gradient notation, which is physically interpretable, allows for the detailed a-priori analysis of the finite element model. The polynomial expansions are inspected and spurious terms responsible for modeling errors are identified in the shear strains polynomial expansions. The element is corrected by simply removing the spurious terms from the shear strains expansions. The element is implemented into a FORTRAN finite element code in two versions; namely, with and without spurious terms. Results are compared to show the effects of the spurious terms on the solutions. It is also shown that a refined mesh composed of corrected elements provides solutions which approximate very well the analytical solutions, validating the procedure.

Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of a new system for root canal filling using calcium silicate-based root canal sealers

Tanomaru-Filho, Mario,Torres, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves,Pinto, Jader Camilo,Santos-Junior, Airton Oliveira,Tavares, Karina Ines Medina Carita,Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2020 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.45 No.3

Objectives: This study evaluated by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) the filling ability and sealer apical extrusion promoted by a new Sealer Injection System (SIS; Angelus) with side openings needle, in comparison with the conventional injection system, associated with a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer). Materials and Methods: Acrylic resin models containing a main curved artificial canal and 3 simulated lateral canals in apical, middle and cervical thirds were used. The main root canals were prepared using a rotary system up to size 35.05. The canals were filled with Bio-C sealer by using a single cone technique and the conventional delivery system or SIS. Samples were scanned in micro-CT. The percentage of voids throughout the entire extension of the main root canal and in each third of the lateral canals, besides the apical extrusion of the sealer was calculated. Data were submitted to t-test (p < 0.05). Results: There was no difference between both systems in the main root canals filling. Although the volume percentage of voids was similar in the apical and middle thirds of lateral canals, SIS had the greatest filling ability of the cervical third lateral canal. Moreover, the conventional system showed the highest apical extrusion of the sealer. Conclusions: The conventional and SIS obturation systems had an appropriate filling ability of the main root canal. SIS had the best filling of the cervical third of the lateral canals, besides lower sealer apical extrusion, suggesting its clinical indication.

Killing two birds with one stone: How do Plant Viruses Break Down Plant Defenses and Manipulate Cellular Processes to Replicate Themselves?

Pedro Filho Noronha Souza,Fabricio Eulálio Leite Carvalho 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.3

As simple organisms with a parasite nature,viruses have become masters in manipulating and subvertcellular components, including host proteins and organelles,to improve viral replication. Therefore, the understanding ofviral strategies to manipulate cell function disrupting plantdefenses and enhancing viral infection cycles is fundamentalto the production of virus-resistant plant lines. After invadingsusceptible plants, viruses create conditions that favor localand systemic infections by suppressing multiple layers ofinnate host defenses while use cellular machinery to ownbenefit. Viral interference in interlinked essential cellularfunctions results in phenotypic changes and disease symptoms,which debilitates plants favoring infection establishment. Herein in this review, the novelty it will be the discussionabout the strategies used by (+) single strand RNA viruses toaffect cellular processes and components to improve viralreplication, in parallel to overcome plant defenses, favoringdisease establishment by applying in one action using thesame viral protein to coordinate viral replication and breakingdown plant defense. This focus on plant-virus interactionwas never done before, and this knowledge has the potentialto help in the development of new strategies to produceresistant plants.