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Sankaran, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam,Ficek, Mateusz,Kunuku, Srinivasu,Panda, Kalpataru,Yeh, Chien-Jui,Park, Jeong Young,Sawczak, Miroslaw,Michałowski, Paweł Piotr,Leou, Keh-Chyang,Bogdanowicz, Robert,Li The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.3
<P>Carbon nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanoflakes/nanowalls, and graphene have been used as electron sources due to their superior field electron emission (FEE) characteristics. However, these materials show poor stability and short lifetimes, which prevent their use in practical device applications. The aim of this study was to find an innovative nanomaterial possessing both high robustness and reliable FEE behavior. Herein, a hybrid structure of self-organized multi-layered graphene (MLG)-boron doped diamond (BDD) nanowall materials with superior FEE characteristics was successfully synthesized using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the as-prepared carbon clusters have a uniform, dense, and sharp nanowall morphology with sp<SUP>3</SUP> diamond cores encased by an sp<SUP>2</SUP> MLG shell. Detailed nanoscale investigations conducted using peak force-controlled tunneling atomic force microscopy show that each of the core-shell structured carbon cluster fields emits electrons equally well. The MLG-BDD nanowall materials show a low turn-on field of 2.4 V μm<SUP>−1</SUP>, a high emission current density of 4.2 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at an applied field of 4.0 V μm<SUP>−1</SUP>, a large field enhancement factor of 4500, and prominently high lifetime stability (lasting for 700 min), which demonstrate the superiority of these materials over other hybrid nanostructured materials. The potential of these MLG-BDD hybrid nanowall materials in practical device applications was further illustrated by the plasma illumination behavior of a microplasma device with these materials as the cathode, where a low threshold voltage of 330 V (low threshold field of 330 V mm<SUP>−1</SUP>) and long plasma stability of 358 min were demonstrated. The fabrication of these hybrid nanowalls is straight forward and thereby opens up a pathway for the advancement of next-generation cathode materials for high brightness electron emission and microplasma-based display devices.</P>
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Robert Bogdanowicz,Mateusz Śmietana,Michał Sobaszek,Mateusz Ficek,Marcin Gnyba,Jacek Ryl,Katarzyna Siuzdak,Wojtek J. Bock 한국광학회 2015 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.19 No.6
The fabrication process of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) microelectrodes on fused silica single mode optical fiber cladding has been investigated. The B-NCD films were deposited on the fibers using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PA CVD) at glass substrate temperature of 475 ºC. We have obtained homogenous, continuous and polycrystalline surface morphology with high sp 3 content in B-NCD films and mean grain size in the range of 100-250 nm. The films deposited on the glass reference samples exhibit high refractive index (n=2.05 at λ=550 nm) and low extinction coefficient. Furthermore, cyclic voltammograms (CV) were recorded to determine the electrochemical window and reaction reversibility at the B-NCD fiber-based electrode. CV measurements in aqueous media consisting of 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.5 M Na2SO4 demonstrated a width of the electrochemical window up to 1.03 V and relatively fast kinetics expressed by a redox peak splitting below 500 mV. Moreover, thanks to high-n B-NCD overlay, the coated fibers can be also used for enhancing the sensitivity of long-period gratings (LPGs) induced in the fiber. The LPG is capable of measuring variations in refractive index of the surrounding liquid by tracing the shift in resonance appearing in the transmitted spectrum. Possible combined CV and LPG-based measurements are discussed in this work
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Rani, Revati,Panda, Kalpataru,Kumar, Niranjan,Sankaran, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam,Pandian, Ramanathaswamy,Ficek, Mateusz,Bogdanowicz, Robert,Haenen, Ken,Lin, I-Nan American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.122 No.1
<P>Tribological properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond nanowall (UNCD NW) films were investigated quantitatively in three different and controlled triboenvironmental conditions, proposing the passivation and graphitization mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are rather complicated and possibly can be understood in well-controlled tribological conditions. It was shown that the friction and wear of these films were high in high-vacuum and room temperature (HV–RT) tribo conditions where the passivation of carbon dangling bonds were restricted and frictional shear-induced transformation of sp<SUP>3</SUP> carbon into amorphous carbon (a-C) and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (t-aC) were noticed. However, the friction coefficients were reduced to the ultralow value in ambient atmospheric and room temperature (AA–RT) tribo conditions. Here, both passivation of dangling bonds through atmospheric water vapor and graphitization of the contact interfaces were energetically favorable mechanisms. Furthermore, the conversion of diamond sp<SUP>3</SUP> into hydrogenated–graphitized phase was the dominating mechanism for the observed superlow friction coefficient and ultrahigh wear resistance of films in high-vacuum and high temperature (HV–HT) tribo conditions. These mechanisms were comprehensively investigated by micro-Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the sliding interfaces.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2018/jpccck.2018.122.issue-1/acs.jpcc.7b10992/production/images/medium/jp-2017-10992p_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp7b10992'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Integrated multifunction-switch with MR sensor
Kyujong Park,Joogon Kim,Sunghoon Ko,Fiala Lukas,Ficek Wojciech,Xiao Jie 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.5
Together with the operating devices for primary driver functions such as the steering wheel, pedals, and gear-lever, the steering column module is the most frequently used driver-vehicle interface in the car, Important safety functions such as direction indicators, wash/wiper operation, lighting control and cruise control are operated by the driver via the steering column module. In addition to basic ergonomic considerations such as accessibility and ease of operation of the levers on the module, switch developments must also take account of the tactile feed back of switches and their surface finish(“grip&feel”). The tactile feedback of switches is agreed with the vehicle manufacturer by means of so-called force-travel diagrams for the various operating functions. Particularly in the premium vehicle sector, there are increasing demands for high-quality surface finishes such as high-gloss or chrome at the operator interfaces of the steering column module. A number of automobile makers also favour the integration of the gear selector lever in the steering column module for so-called “shift-by-wire” systems. A gear selector lever of this kind is similar to the direction indicator and wiper lever, with a tactile feedback design based on the required shift pattern. The wide range of possible combinations of these operator functions makes it impossible to develop a single, standard module to satisfy all requirements. Instead, the aim is to develop standardized discrete units for the steering column modules, which can be reused in modules for different vehicle manufactures.
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