구르다우 와이너리

알레스 피알라(Ales Fiala) 현대건축사 2023 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.290

High Performance Concrete as a Sustainable Material

Kynclova, Magdalena,Fiala, Ctislav,Hajek, Petr Sustainable Building Research Center 2011 International journal of sustainable building tech Vol.2 No.1

Concrete is after water the second mostly used material and the most widely used construction material in the world. The production of cement creates more than 7% (calculated from WBCSD data) [7] of worldwide man-made $CO_2$ emissions. Therefore optimization of concrete structures can lead to the significant environmental savings. Experimental investigation and case studies performed by authors in the frame of long term research, focused on environmental optimization of building structures, support the expectation that it will be possible to reach factor 3 or even more through utilization of high performance concrete (HPC) while keeping structural reliability on the needed high level. Developed structural concepts have been proved not only by theoretical and experimental results, but also by practical application in construction of several buildings. Paper presents three case studies - ribbed / waffle floor structure with minimized thickness of upper deck to 30 mm, light precast RC balcony element and light precast RC frame for passive house.

Review of pollutants in urban road dust and stormwater runoff: part 1. Heavy metals released from vehicles

Hwang, Hyun-Min,Fiala, Matthew J.,Park, Dongjoo,Wade, Terry L. Taylor Francis 2016 도시과학국제저널 Vol.20 No.3

Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Two Ketene Dithioacetal Derivatives for Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Lemallem, Salah Eddine,Fiala, Abdelali,Ladouani, Hayet Brahim,Allal, Hamza The Korean Electrochemical Society 2022 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.13 No.2

The methyl 2-(1,3-dithietan -2- ylidene)-3-oxobutanoate (MDYO) and 2-(1,3-dithietan-2-ylidene) cyclohexane -1,3-dione (DYCD) were synthesized and tested at various concentrations as corrosion inhibitors for 316L stainless steel in 1 M HCl using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), surface analysis techniques (SEM / EDX and Raman spectroscopy) and Functional Density Theory (DFT) was also used to calculate quantum parameters. The obtained results indicated that the inhibition efficiency of MDYO and DYCD increases with their concentration, and the highest value of corrosion inhibition efficiency was determined in the range of concentrations investigated (0.01 × 10^-3 - 10^-3 M). Polarization curves (Tafel extrapolation) showed that both compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors in 1M HCl solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectra (Nyquist plots) are characterized by a capacitive loop observed at high frequencies, and another small inductive loop near low frequencies. The thermodynamic data of adsorption of the two compounds on the stainless steel surface and the activation energies were determined and then discussed. Analysis of experimental results shows that MDYO and DYCD inhibitors adsorb to the metal surface according to the Langmuir model and the mechanism of adsorption of both inhibitors involves physisorption. SEM-EDX results confirm the existence of an inhibitor protective film on the stainless steel surface. The results derived from theoretical calculations supported the experimental observation.

Review of pollutants in urban road dust and stormwater runoff: part 1. Heavy metals released from vehicles

황현민,Matthew J. Fiala,박동주,Terry L. Wade 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2016 도시과학국제저널 Vol.20 No.4

Urban road dust can be highly enriched with trace metals such as copper, lead, zinc, and platinum group elements (PGEs) that are released primarily from vehicles. Concentrations of these metals are up to about 100 times higher than background levels. Lead concentrations in sediment core have declined dramatically due to phase out of leaded gasoline. Recent ban on the use of lead wheel balancing weight in Europe and in some US states will accelerate the decline of lead in the environment. Concentrations of copper, zinc, and PGEs in sediments in many urban areas have increased continuously due to increase of urban sprawl and increased numbers and travel distance of vehicle. Wear of brake pads and tyres are the primary sources of copper and zinc in urban road dust. PGEs have been released from catalytic converters since the mid-1970s. Contaminated urban road dust is picked up by stormwater runoff and delivered into local receiving waterbodies (e.g. streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries). Concentrations of these metals in waterbodies and sediments receiving stormwater runoff from densely populated urban areas are high enough to impair the health of aquatic organisms and frequently exceed water quality criteria and sediment quality guidelines. In order to improve the quality of urban waterbodies, legal regulations are necessary to reduce release of toxic metals from vehicle use as demonstrated in the case of lead in gasoline. Recent regulations and agreement to reduce copper content in brake pads to 0.5% by 2026 in the USA should result in significant reduction of copper entering urban watersheds. A less optimal option is removal of suspended sediments from stormwater runoff before they enter receiving waterbodies using best management practices such as retention ponds, detention basins, and grass swales.

Review of pollutants in urban road dust: Part II. Organic contaminants from vehicles and road management

황현민,Matthew J. Fiala,Terry L. Wade,박동주 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2019 도시과학국제저널 Vol.23 No.4

Urban road dust is highly enriched with organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons, and herbicides that are released primarily from vehicles and/or road management practices. Analysis of sediment cores from urban watersheds clearly demonstrates that increase of pollutant input correlates with traffic volume increase. Pollutants in urban road dust are a significant threat to the health of aquatic organisms. Contaminated urban road dust is mobilized by stormwater runoff and transported into local receiving waterbodies (e.g. streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries). Concentrations of PAHs in sediments receiving stormwater runoff from densely populated urban areas are high enough to impair the health of aquatic organisms and frequently exceed sediment quality guidelines. To restore streams and rivers impaired by roadway runoff, concentrations of pollutants in road dust need to be reduced through implementing a combination of regulatory policies and management actions. One approach would be to phase out existing pollutant sources such instituting a ban on the use of coal tar-based asphalt road seal coat containing high levels of PAHs. Instituting the use of environment friendly natural herbicides with only spot treatment to target weeds rather than broadcast application and restoration of native vegetation, as integrated roadside vegetation management programs. Adoption of these practices would result in significantly reduced herbicide contamination of roadway stormwater runoff. An alternate option is the removal of contaminants from stormwater runoff before they are delivered to receiving waterbodies using best management practices (BMP) such as retention ponds, detention basins, and grass swales. In densely populated urban areas, however, these BMPs may not be easily adopted due to multiple constraints such as lack of spaces and high land cost. In this case, proprietary BMPs such as media filter, wet vault, and vortex separator, which are also known as manufactured treatment devices, can be considered.

Integrated multifunction-switch with MR sensor

Kyujong Park,Joogon Kim,Sunghoon Ko,Fiala Lukas,Ficek Wojciech,Xiao Jie 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.5

Together with the operating devices for primary driver functions such as the steering wheel, pedals, and gear-lever, the steering column module is the most frequently used driver-vehicle interface in the car, Important safety functions such as direction indicators, wash/wiper operation, lighting control and cruise control are operated by the driver via the steering column module. In addition to basic ergonomic considerations such as accessibility and ease of operation of the levers on the module, switch developments must also take account of the tactile feed back of switches and their surface finish(“grip&feel”). The tactile feedback of switches is agreed with the vehicle manufacturer by means of so-called force-travel diagrams for the various operating functions. Particularly in the premium vehicle sector, there are increasing demands for high-quality surface finishes such as high-gloss or chrome at the operator interfaces of the steering column module. A number of automobile makers also favour the integration of the gear selector lever in the steering column module for so-called “shift-by-wire” systems. A gear selector lever of this kind is similar to the direction indicator and wiper lever, with a tactile feedback design based on the required shift pattern. The wide range of possible combinations of these operator functions makes it impossible to develop a single, standard module to satisfy all requirements. Instead, the aim is to develop standardized discrete units for the steering column modules, which can be reused in modules for different vehicle manufactures.

Nicotine and Ethanol Modulation of Cell-mediated Immune Surveillance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Chiappelli, Francesco,Kung, Michelle A.,Savage, Mason,Villanueva, Pablo,Fiala, Milan Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1996 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.21 No.1

Tobacco and alcohol are major contributing factors in the carcinogenesis of oral epithelium. We tested the hypothesis that nicotine and ethanol, at concentrations approximating those found in the plasma of smokers and alcohol abusers, decrease immune surveillance of oral carcinoma by interfering with immune cell-mediated clearance of the tumor targets. Specifically, we have examined the modulation by nicotine and ethanol of the migration of normal human immune cells to activation, and their cytolytic ability. To assess migration, we tested the ability of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to adhere and to migrate to a given squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, using a construct consisting of a monolayer of human neural endothelial cells growing over a porous membrane through which lymphocytes migrate in order to attain the tumor target cells. Adhesion and transmigration through the construct was visualized by electron microscopy. The T cells' ability to bind to the target tumor was assessed by immunocytobiochemistry. T cell activation was assessed as blast cell formation and thymidine incorporation following stimulation. Cytolytic immune cells activity was tested by quantification of specific killing of target cells. We show a diminution of migration, binding, activation and cytotoxic activity by nicotine when coupled with ethanol. Spontaneous cell death was not induced by nicotine and ethanol, when monitored as the release of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments in the cytoplasmic compartment. Taken together, our results indicate that the modulation of tumor cell-mediated immune surveillance in vitro by nicotine alone is modest, and that it exacerbates the effects of ethanol.