Modeling Locational Distribution of Branches within the Crowns of Larix olgensis Trees in China

Fengri Li,Weiwei Jia 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.6

Models for simulating locational distribution of total branches within live crown, both along and around the bole, were developed in a 26-year-old unthinned Larix olgensis plantation in northeastern China. Data were collected from 25 sample trees ranging in DBH from 10.5 cm to 24.9 cm. A linear model expressed as function of DBH and total height(HT) was developed to predict the total number of branches within the crown per tree. The Weibull distribution function was used to describe the vertical distribution of branches and performed well to estimate the frequencies of branches by relative depth into crown(RDINC) classes. The parameter prediction models(PPM) of the Weibull distribution were developed to characterize the vertical distribution of branches for different tree sizes. Analysis result of branch azimuths for all branches of each sample tree indicated that a uniform, or rectangle distribution was appropriate to reflect branching pattern around the bole. The models were suitable in describing the trends and inherent variability in locational distribution and can be applied to describe crown architecture of Larix olgensis trees.

Diclofenac Inhibits Phorbol Ester-Induced Gene Expression and Production of MUC5AC Mucin via Affecting Degradation of IkBα and Translocation of NF-kB p65 in NCI-H292 Cells

( Fengri Jin ),( Xin Li ),( Hyun Jae Lee ),( Choong Jae Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.5

In this study, diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin. The human respiratory epithelial NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with diclofenac for 30 min and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect of diclofenac on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also investigated. Diclofenac suppressed the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IkBα) and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest diclofenac regulates the gene expression and production of mucin through regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway, in human airway epithelial cells.

Individual-based Competition Analysis for Secondary Forest in Northeast China

Li, Fengri,Chen, Dongsheng,Lu, Jun Korean Society of Forest Science 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.5

The data of crown width with 4 directions, DBH, tree height, and coordinate for sample trees were collected from 30 permanent sample plots in secondary fore st of the Maoershan Experimental Forestry Farm, Northeast China. In this paper, the competition of individual trees in stand were discussed for secondary forest by using iterative Hegyi competition index and crown overlap index that represented the competitive and cooperative interactions among neighboring trees. Active competitors of subject tree in the competition zone were selected to calculate the iterative competition index. Using the results of crown classification based on the equal crown projection area, a new distance dependent competition index called crown overlap index (COI) was developed for secondary forest. The COI performed well in describing the crown competition rather than crown competition factor (CCF). The individual-based competition index discussed in this paper will provide more precise for developing individual tree growth models for secondary forest and it can also use to adjust the stand structure for spatial optimal management.

Stand Structure of the Natural Broadleaved-Korean Pine Forests in Northeast China

Li, Fengri,Ma, Zhihai Korean Society of Forest Science 2005 한국산림과학회지 Vol.94 No.5

Based on the data representing four typical Korean pine forest types, the age structure, DBH distribution, species composition, and forking rule were systemically analyzed for old-growth Korean pine forest in Liangshui Nature Reserve, northeast China. The age structure of Korean pine trees was strongly uneven-aged with one dominated peak following normal distribution, and age of trees varied from 100 to 180 years within a stand. The DBH and height differences in same age class (20 years) varied from 28 cm~64 cm and 5 to 20 m, respectively. Many conifer and hard wood species, such as spruce, fir, costata birch, basswood, oak, and elm, were mixed with dominated trees of Korean pine. The canopy of the old-growth Korean pine forest can be divided into two layers, and differences of mean age and height between Layer I and Layer II were ranged 80~150 years and 7~13 m, respectively. The Weibull function was used to model the diameter distribution and performed well to describe size-class distribution either with a single peak in over-story canopy and inverse J-shape in under-story canopy for old-growth Korean pine stands. The forking height of Korean pine trees ranged from 16m to 24 m (mean 19.4 m) and tree age about 120 to 160 years old. The results will provide a scientific basis to protect and recover the ecosystem of natural old-growth Korean pine and also provide the model in management of Korean pine plantation.

Land Use Dynamic Change and Ecological Effects Analysis Based on GIS - A Case Study at Hailun City

Yue Zhang,Fengri Li,Weiwei Jia 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.2

The typical natural landscapes and temporal- spatial regulation of Land use change and their ecological effects at Hailun County were conducted and analyzed, based on the translated data from remote sensing images in 1986, 1996 and 2000 using GIS and landscape ecological theory. The results indicated the area of arable land, paddy field and city land increased 7,786.39 hm2, 3391.18 hm2 and 120.84 hm2 while the area of forestry, grassland and marsh decreased 3,184.88 hm2, 1,625.8 hm2 and 3,994.85 hm2 respectively during 14 years. Dry land is a main landscape in this area. These changes made the environmental quality worse gradually, such as land degradation, soil erosion and water and soil losses, and temperature getting warmer. This study is very important for the local ecological environment protect and agricultural sustainability and land resources sustainable using.

Individual Tree Growth Models for Natural Mixed Forests in Changbai Miuntains, Northeast China

Jun Lu,Fengri Li 한국산림과학회 2007 한국산림과학회지 Vol.96 No.2

collected from 712 remeasured permanent sample plots (25,526 trees) of 10-year periodic from 190 to20 in Baihe Forest Bureau of Changbai Mountains, northeast China. Based on analyzing relationshipbetween diameter increment of individual tres with tre size, competitive status, and site condition, thediameter growth models for individual trees of 15 species growing in mixed-species uneven-aged foreststands, that have simple form, good predicting precision, and easily applicable, were developed usingtree size and competition, however, the site conditions were not significantly related with diameterincrement. The tree size variables (lnDBH and DBH2) were the most significant and important predictorsof diameter growth existing in all 15 growth models. The diameter increment was directly proportional totree diameter for each species. For the competitive factors in growth model, the relative diameter (RD),canopy closure (P DDM) werecontributed to the diameter increment at a certain extent. Other measures of stand density, such as basalarea of stand (G) and stand density index (SDI), were not significantly influenced on diameter increment.Site factors, such as site index, slope and aspect were not important to diameter increment and excludedin the final models. The total variance explained by the final models of squared diameter increment (R2)(1990) for mixed conifer stands. Using independent data set, validation measures were evaluated forpredicting models of diameter increment developed in this study. The result indicated that the estimatedprecision was all greater than 94% and the models were suitable to describe diameter increment.

Kaempferol Regulates the Expression of Airway MUC5AC Mucin Gene via IκBα-NF-κB p65 and p38-p44/42-Sp1 Signaling Pathways

( Xin Li ),( Fengri Jin ),( Hyun Jae Lee ),( Choong Jae Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2021 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.29 No.3

In the present study, kaempferol, a flavonoidal natural compound found in Polygonati Rhizoma, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin. A human respiratory epithelial NCI-H292 cells was pretreated with kaempferol for 30 min and stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway or EGF-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was investigated. Kaempferol suppressed the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IκBα), and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Also, kaempferol inhibited EGF-induced gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin through regulating the phosphorylation of EGFR, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (p44/42), and the nuclear expression of specificity protein-1 (Sp1). These results suggest kaempferol regulates the gene expression and production of mucin through regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, in human airway epithelial cells.

Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Drug Candidates for Regulating the Secretion of Pulmonary Mucus

( Xin Li ),( Fengri Jin ),( Hyun Jae Lee ),( Choong Jae Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.4

Hypersecretion of pulmonary mucus is a major pathophysiological feature in allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overproduction and/or oversecretion of mucus cause the airway obstruction and the colonization of pathogenic microbes. Developing a novel pharmacological agent to regulate the production and/or secretion of pulmonary mucus can be a useful strategy for the effective management of pathologic hypersecretion of mucus observed in COPD and asthma. Thus, in the present review, we tried to give an overview of the conventional pharmacotherapy for mucus-hypersecretory diseases and recent research results on searching for the novel candidate agents for controlling of pulmonary mucus hypersecretion, aiming to shed light on the potential efficacious pharmacotherapy of mucus-hypersecretory diseases.

Land Use Dynamic Change and Ecological Effects Analysis Based on GIS - A Case Study at Hailun City

Zhang, Yue,Li, Fengri,Jia, Weiwei Institute of Forest Science 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.2

The typical natural landscapes and temporal- spatial regulation of Land use change and their ecological effects at Hailun County were conducted and analyzed, based on the translated data from remote sensing images in 1986, 1996 and 2000 using GIS and landscape ecological theory. The results indicated the area of arable land, paddy field and city land increased 7,786.39 $hm^2$, 3391.18 $hm^2$ and 120.84 $hm^2$ while the area of forestry, grassland and marsh decreased 3,184.88 $hm^2$, 1,625.8 $hm^2$ and 3,994.85 $hm^2$ respectively during 14 years. Dry land is a main landscape in this area. These changes made the environmental quality worse gradually, such as land degradation, soil erosion and water and soil losses, and temperature getting warmer. This study is very important for the local ecological environment protect and agricultural sustainability and land resources sustainable using.

The Characteristics and Biomass Distribution in Crown of Larix olgensis in Northeastern China

Chen, Dongsheng,Li, Fengri Korean Society of Forest Science 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.2

This study was performed in 22 unthinned Larix olgensis plantations in northeast China. Data were collected on 95 sample trees of different canopy positions and the diameter at breast height ($d_{1.3}$) ranged from 5.7 cm to 40.2 cm. The individual tree models for the prediction of vertical distribution of live crown, branch and needle biomass were built. Our study showed that the crown, branch and needle biomass distributions were most in the location of 60% crown length. These results were also parallel to previous crown studies. The cumulative relative biomass of live crown, branch and needle were fitted by the sigmoid shape curve and the fitting results were quite well. Meanwhile, we developed the crown ratio and width models. Tree height was the most important predictor for crown ratio model. A negative competition factor, ccf and bas which reflected the effect of suppression on a tree, reduced the crown ratio estimates. The height-diameter ratio was a significant predictor. The higher the height-diameter ratio, the higher crown ratio is. Diameter at breast height is the strongest predictor in crown width model. The models can be used for the planning of harvesting operations, for the selection of feasible harvesting methods, and for the estimation of nutrient removals of different harvesting practices.