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Brian Nussbaum,Felippe Cronemberger 한국디지털포렌식학회 2019 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.13 No.1(UNODC특별호 )
Using an illustrative case study - the ransomware infection in the San Francisco Municipal Transportation (Muni) payment system - this paper analyzes the potential implications from ransomware, extortion, and denial of availability attacks in an era of increasingly widespread embedded computing - the era of “the Internet of Things” and “Smart Cities.” The old model of extortion by organized criminals was largely localized, and typically included a demonstration of the ability to use violence in a geographically specified area to extract sums of money for "protection." This paper examines the traditional dynamics of extortion and protection, how those dynamics apply in denial of availability attacks in general and particularly in cryptoransomware attacks. It also explores the changing business models of cyber extortion along the characteristics of number of victims and level of value extraction. Finally, it sheds light on ways in which organized crime may be able to leverage its historical advantages (localized geographical control, access to insiders and institutions, etc.) to adjust cryptoransomware, or other availability attacks, to extort high levels of value from important institutions or organizations.
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Fernando Gomes de Jesus,Alice Pereira Duque,Carole Santana Massolar,Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes,Ana Carolina de Azevedo Carvalho,Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano,Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Junior 사단법인약침학회 2021 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.14 No.5
Background: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) improves autonomic balance and reduces oxidative stress in subjects with chronic diseases, that decreases the risk of low-grade chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, these beneficial effects have never been demonstrated in healthy subjects. Objectives: To evaluate the acute effects of TEAS on autonomic balance and oxidative stress of healthy subjects. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with male healthy subjects (18-30 years old), randomly allocated to control (no intervention; n = 14), placebo (placebo intervention; n = 14) and TEAS group (at PC5 and PC6 acupoints; n = 13). The protocol consisted of accommodation (20 min), intervention (40 min), and recovery (30 min) periods. The acute effects of TEAS on hemodynamics were studied through measurements of heart rate, blood pressure and double product; on the autonomic nervous system by assessing heart rate variability; and on oxidative stress by quantifying reactive oxygen species in saliva samples, collected at the end of each period. Results: TEAS increased heart rate and double-product compared to control and placebo groups (p < 0.01). Moreover, TEAS increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic tonus, increasing the sympathovagal balance compared to the control and placebo groups. However, TEAS exerted no effect on oxidative stress in saliva samples. Conclusion: In healthy subjects, TEAS at PC5 and PC6 acupoints acutely improved autonomic balance, increasing sympathetic and reducing parasympathetic tonus, reflecting little improvement on hemodynamic responses. Whether it could be used as a cardioprotective strategy remains uncertain since it exerted no effect on oxidative stress.
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Lycopene and Tomato Sauce Improve Hepatic and Cardiac Cell Biomarkers in Rats
Vanessa Azevedo de Jesuz,Monique de Barros Elias Campos,Vanessa Rosse de Souza,Teresa Palmiciano Bede,Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes,Adriana Ribeiro Silva,Cassiano Felippe Gonc¸alves de Albuquerque 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.11
This study evaluated the effects of tomato sauce and lycopene on hepatic and cardiac cell biomarkers in rats fed a high-fat diet. Animals were split into five groups: control group, high-fat group (HG), high-fat tomato sauce group, high-fat lycopene 2 mg, and high-fat lycopene 4 mg. Food and water were offered ad libitum, whereas tomato sauce and lycopene (2 and 4 mg/day) were offered daily for 60 days. Body, heart, and liver weights, cardiosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, and serum parameters were also analyzed in rats. The animals' hearts and liver were processed, and cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results showed that the groups receiving tomato sauce and lycopene had lower glycemia. The serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic enzymes, and tumor necrosis factor-α did not change upon treatment. Tomato sauce and lycopene supplementation did not increase interleukin-1β in response to a high-fat diet. Cell cycle analysis of cardiac and liver cells showed a lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and an increase in the G2/M phase in HG. Both lycopene and tomato sauce reversed this effect. Both lycopene and tomato sauce reversed this effect and prevented high-fat diet-stimulated cardiac and liver cell death. Supplementation of tomato sauce and lycopene showed beneficial effects on cardiac and liver cell metabolism; therefore, it is suggested as a nutritional approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis.
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