http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Assessing landslide hazard and risk: what we do and what we should do
( Fausto Guzzetti ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Landslides are present in all continents and play an important role in the evolution of landscapes. In many areas they represent a serious threat to people, properties, society and the environment. It is therefore not surprising that landslide hazard and risk assessment, a topic of scientific, technological and practical relevance, is becoming increasingly popular among scientists, practitioners, decision makers and concerned citizens. Despite numerous attempts and unquestionable progresses, the general assumptions and the most popular methodologies used to assess landslide hazard and for risk evaluation have not changed significantly in the last decades. Today, some of these assumptions show theoretical weakness, and the adopted methodologies reveal practical and operational limitations. In the talk, I deal with populations of landslides i.e., numerous landslides triggered in areas from tens to millions of square kilometers by a trigger (e.g., a rainstorm, earthquake, snowmelt event), or by multiple triggers in a period (from weeks to seasons) or in a long period (years to millennia) of time. Following an introduction on what we need to predict to assess landslide hazard and risk in a useful way, I will introduce the strategies and main methods used to detect and map landslides, and to predict populations of landslides in space (“where” landslide occur) and time (“when”, or how frequently they will occur), and the numerosity (magnitude) and size characteristics (length, width, area, volume) of the landslides. For landslide detection and mapping, I will consider traditional methods based on the visual interpretation of aerial photographs, and modern approaches that exploit the visual, semi-automatic or automatic analysis of a variety of remote sensing images. For landslide spatial prediction, I will discuss the results of a global review of classification-based methods for landslide susceptibility assessment, outlining some of the limitations of the current approaches. For the temporal prediction, leveraging on a global analysis of geographical landslide forecasting and early warning systems, I will discuss short term (from hours to days) forecast capabilities and the limitations. Next, I will discuss long term (from years to centuries) landslide projections considering the impact of the current and the expected climate variations on landslide projections. For landslide numerosity and size characteristics, I will present existing statistics of landslide area and volume obtained from large populations of event-triggered landslides. This will be followed by an analysis of the landslide consequences, with an emphasis on the consequences to the population of Italy, including the presentation of a spatial-temporal model of societal landslide risk for Italy. I will end the presentation by offering recommendations on what I think we need to do to make significant progresses in our collective capacity to predict the hazard posed by populations of landslides, and to anticipate and mitigate their risk.
Fausto Moscoso-Pinto,김정윤,최준현,신희영,Lulit Habte,Thenepalli Thriveni,안지환 한국에너지학회 2023 에너지공학 Vol.32 No.2
Rare earth elements (REE) are crucial for new technology; however, do not have effective substitutes and are scarce in the earth’s crust. Among secondary resources of REE, circulating fluidized bed coal fly ash has been proposed as a potential source because the REE content is increased by the combustion ocurring in the Circulating Fluidized Bed boilers (CFB). Conventional REE recovery methods from coal fly ash imply the leaching using strong acids or alkalis at high temperatures. Nevertheless, physical separation aims to separate the target minerals from the gangue using their physical properties, concentrating the minerals, and reducing the use of acids in the post-pretreatment stages. We analyzed the mineral and chemical composition of fly ash. The principal minerals contained in fly ash are unburned carbon, lime, quartz, anhydrite, and hematite. Our sample has 235.73 ppm of REE. Besides, the content of REE in unburned carbon is negligible (13.81 ppm). The 43.16 %wt. of the sample passed the 400 mesh (- 25 μm). Furthermore, the REE content is relatively similar in every fraction of CFBC fly ash, so particle size separation is not considered for our sample. However, at 0.5 T, the magentic fraction has a considerable amount of Fe2O3 (21.45 %wt.) and the REE content was increased to 889.20 ppm. Notwithstanding, the yield is only 15.58 %. Even though REE is attached to iron, some quartz and aluminosilicate phase contained REE. In addition, crushing or grinding could be not effective since the particle size is low. Other processes are needed for an enhancement of the REE recovery.
Rheological behavior of blood in Wistar rats with different total cholesterol levels
Medina-Torres Luis,Calderas Fausto,Calderas Fausto,Núñez–Ramírez Diola-Marina,Castro Andrés Navarrete,Bernad-Bernad Ma. Josefa,Manero Octavio 한국유변학회 2022 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.34 No.4
Blood is a rheologically complex suspension, in which the soluble fraction contains proteins, total cholesterol and triglycerides. The blood rheological behavior is strongly affected by the concentration of these components. This work evaluates the total cholesterol effect on the rheological behavior of Wistar rat blood by means of an in vitro study. Twenty-one rats were divided into 3 groups, each one had an assigned diet with different fat content: reference group (RG) with 3%, medium fat content group (MG) with 4.5% and high-fat content group (HG) with 6.5%; in the latter group, mixed-vegetable fat was added. From each group, intraocular representative blood samples were taken with time lapse of 15 days between each sampling followed by biochemical and hemo-rheological tests. The first analysis detected changes in total cholesterol levels, attributed to the rat metabolism, formation of adipose tissue and competition for food. The second test consisted in steady simple-shear and linear oscillatory flow. The linear viscoelastic spectra reveal that the viscous modulus is larger than the elastic modulus (G > G′), with simple-shear viscosity exhibiting shear-thinning behavior. An important finding is a pseudo-solid- like behavior at low frequencies (1 rad/s) akin to the presence of yield stresses in the high-fat content group after 30 days, revealing strong interactions between total cholesterol levels and blood cells. The hemo-rheological tests represent a promising alternative to identify pathologies present in the blood (total cholesterol, digestive problems, and diabetes).
Homozygous LPL p.Gly188Glu Mutation in a Mexican Girl With Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
Ana Gabriela Colima Fausto,Juan Ramón González García,Teresita De Jesús Hernández Flores,Norma Alejandra Vázquez Cárdenas,Nery Eduardo Solís Perales,María Teresa Magaña Torres 대한진단검사의학회 2017 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.37 No.4
Dear Editor, Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia due to mutations in the LPL gene. It shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and has a general prevalence of 1:1,000,000 [1]. Patients typically present abdominal pain, hemorrhage, failure to thrive, jaundice, eruptive xanthomas, lipemia retinalis, neurological complications, hepatosplenomegaly, and life-threatening pancreatitis [2]. The LPL gene is located on chromosomal band 8p22, contains 10 exons, and codes for a 475-amino acid protein that is active only in its dimeric form. The LPL protein has two functions in lipid metabolism: it hydrolyzes triglycerides and functions as a ligand [3]. The aim of this work is to describe the biochemical, clinical, and molecular features of a Mexican girl with LPL deficiency.
Effect of cholesterol and triglycerides levels on the rheological behavior of human blood
Leonardo Moreno,Fausto Calderas,Guadalupe Sanchez-Olivares,Luis Medina-Torres,Antonio Sanchez-Solis,Octavio Manero 한국유변학회 2015 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.27 No.1
Important public health problems worldwide such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary diseases are quite common. These problems arise from numerous factors, such as hyper-caloric diets, sedentary habits and other epigenetic factors. With respect to Mexico, the population reference values of total cholesterol in plasma are around 200 mg/dL. However, a large proportion has higher levels than this reference value. In this work, we analyze the rheological properties of human blood obtained from 20 donors, as a function of cholesterol and triglyceride levels, upon a protocol previously approved by the health authorities. Samples with high and low cholesterol and triglyceride levels were selected and analyzed by simple-continuous and linear-oscillatory shear flow. Rheometric properties were measured and related to the structure and composition of human blood. In addition, rheometric data were modeled by using several constitutive equations: Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP) and the multimodal Maxwell equations to predict the flow behavior of human blood. Finally, a comparison was made among various models, namely, the BMP, Carreau and Quemada equations for simple shear rate flow. An important relationship was found between cholesterol, triglycerides and the structure of human blood. Results show that blood with high cholesterol levels (400 mg/dL) has flow properties fully different (higher viscosity and a more pseudo-plastic behavior) than blood with lower levels of cholesterol (tendency to Newtonian behavior or viscosity plateau at low shear rates)
Eric Dumonteil,Giovanni Bruna,Fausto Malvagi,Anthony Onillon,Yann Richet 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.6
The Monte Carlo criticality simulation of decoupled systems, as for instance in large reactor cores, has been a challenging issue for a long time. In particular, due to limited computer time resources, the number of neutrons simulated per generation is still many order of magnitudes below realistic statistics, even during the start-up phases of reactors. This limited number of neutrons triggers a strong clustering effect of the neutron population that affects Monte Carlo tallies. Below a certain threshold, not only is the variance affected but also the estimation of the eigenvectors. In this paper we will build a time-dependent diffusion equation that takes into account both spatial correlations and population control (fixed number of neutrons along generations). We will show that its solution obeys a traveling wave dynamic, and we will discuss the mechanism that explains this biasing of local tallies whenever leakage boundary conditions are applied to the system.
Monica Leon,Mauro Garibaldi,Fausto Virgen,Claudio Ramírez-Cerda,Salomon Cohen-Mussali 대한혈관외과학회 2020 Vascular Specialist International Vol.36 No.4
Differences in the common aortic arch branching pattern arise from abnormalembryological development. Aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery is themost common of these anomalies. We report the case of a 47-year-old female withprogressive dysphagia, found to have an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA)running posterior to the esophagus on computed tomography angiography. Shewas managed successfully with a hybrid procedure involving a right supraclavicularincision for ARSA ligation and subclavian to carotid transposition followed byendovascular closure of the ARSA origin.