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Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines
O’Hanlon, Simon J.,Rieux, Adrien,Farrer, Rhys A.,Rosa, Goncalo M.,Waldman, Bruce,Bataille, Arnaud,Kosch, Tiffany A.,Murray, Kris A.,Brankovics, Balá,zs,Fumagalli, Matteo,Martin, Michael D.,Wales American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.360 No.6389
<P>Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of themost devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.</P>
Coupled double-row formation in a quasi-1D wire
Smith, L.W.,Hew, W.K.,Thomas, K.J.,Pepper, M.,Farrer, I.,Anderson, D.,Jones, G.A.C.,Ritchie, D.A. North-Holland 2010 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.42 No.4
We investigate one-dimensional (1D) quantum wires in the weak confinement regime, where, at certain densities, the 1D system of electrons bifurcates into two rows. We show that the two rows are coupled, forming bonding and antibonding states, and that the coupling persists in magnetic fields from 0 to 16 T. In order for a double row to form, the Coulomb interactions in the channel must overcome the confining potential, which can be achieved by tuning the density and confinement. Using a split-gate device with a top gate and back gate, we observe a transition from single-row to double-row behaviour in the weak confinement regime. We further probe the characteristics of the coupled double row regime with dc source-drain bias measurements.
Double-row transport in quantum wires of shallow confinement
Hew, W.K.,Thomas, K.J.,Pepper, M.,Farrer, I.,Anderson, D.,Jones, G.A.C.,Ritchie, D.A. North-Holland 2010 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.42 No.4
The bifurcation of the electron system in a quantum wire has been observed in the form of the suppression and disappearance of the quantised conductance plateau at 2e<SUP>2</SUP>/h. We now present low-temperature transport measurements of a top-gated split-gate quantum wire that serve to further characterise this double-row regime of transport. A small distortion of the confinement caused by asymmetrical biasing of the split gates gives rise to a radical change in the conductance characteristics of the wire, beginning with the introduction of a plateau at G=e<SUP>2</SUP>/h which rises to around 0.7x2e<SUP>2</SUP>/h with greater differential bias between the split gates. DC source-drain bias measurements in this regime show a split zero-bias peak at low conductances merging into a single peak around G=0.7xe<SUP>2</SUP>/h, which then persists up to the plateau at 4e<SUP>2</SUP>/h.
PSEN1 p.Met233Val in a Complex Neurodegenerative Movement and Neuropsychiatric Disorder
Silke Appel-Cresswell,Ilaria Guella,Anna Lehman,Dean Foti,Matthew J. Farrer 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2018 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.11 No.1
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) are the most common cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we report a Canadian-Vietnamese family carrying a PSEN1 p.Met233Val mutation with an exceptionally early and severe presentation that includes a wide range of atypical symptoms, including prominent ataxia, Parkinsonism, spasticity, dystonia, action tremor, myoclonus, bulbar symptoms, seizures, hallucinations and behavioral changes. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the affected proband after many assessments over several years proved diagnostically inconclusive. The results were analyzed using the AnnEx “Annotated Exomes” browser (http://annex.can.ubc.ca), a web-based platform that facilitates WES variant annotation and interpretation. High-throughput sequencing can be especially informative for complex neurological disorders, and WES warrants consideration as a first-line clinical test. Data analyses facilitated by web-based bioinformatics tools have great potential for novel insight, although confirmatory, diagnostically accredited Sanger sequencing is recommended prior to reporting.
Kannan, E S,Karamad, M,Kim, Gil-Ho,Farrer, I,Ritchie, D A IOP Pub 2010 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.22 No.4
<P>Magnetotransport measurements were performed in two widely separated double quantum well systems with different starting disorders. In the weak magnetic field regime, a crossover from negative to positive magnetoresistance in the longitudinal resistivity was observed in the system with weak disorder when the electron densities in the neighboring wells were significantly unbalanced. The crossover was found to be the result of the exchange-energy-assisted interactions between the electrons occupying the lowest subbands in the neighboring wells. In the case of the system with strong disorder short range scattering dominated the scattering process and no such transition in longitudinal resistivity in the low magnetic field regime was observed. However, at high magnetic fields, sharp peaks were observed in the Hall resistance due to the interaction between the edge states in the quantum Hall regime. </P>
Coulomb Blockade Oscillations as a Noninvasive Probe of Screening
R. Nemutudi,C. G. Smith,C.-T. Liang,D. A. Ritchie,G. A. C. Jones,I. Farrer,M. Pepper,M. J. Murphy 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
Noninvasive measurement techniques utilize the fact that the local conditions in an electrical circuit can affect a nearby, but electrically isolated circuit. Such a technique can be used to measure the screening ability of an electron system. In this work, we study non-invasively the screening characteristics of a one-dimensional (1D) channel in close lateral proximity to a quantum dot that forms a separate and electrically isolated circuit. We use a one-dimensional (1D) channel to screen and in-plane electric field between the gate and the lateral quantum dot. The Coulomb blockade oscillations we observe through the quantum dot circuit and the corresponding variation in their periodicity at different gate voltage regions are a signature of the screening characteristics of a 1D channel both at zero magnetic field and in the quantum Hall region. The screening ability of the 1D channel is found to be approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than that of an ungated GaAs two-dimensional electron system.