Some Cultural and Linguistic Issues in the Standardisation of Tamazight in Algeria

Aitsislemi, Farid 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.1

Aitsiselmi Farid. 2001. So., cultural and linguistic issues in the standardization of Tam azight in Algeria. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal 9(1). 73-94. The aim of this article is to examine the sociolinguistic situation in Algeria with special reference to Tamazight, the indigenous language spoken in North Africa and to review the factors which led to the decision to use the Roman alphabet to transcribe Tamazight. Tamazight has yet to be recognised as national language by the Algerian constitution but a number of events in the recent history of the country have resulted in s official recognition of the language and the setting up of institutions in some of the promotion of Tamazight with a view to introducing it as a medium of education at least in the stem where it is used as a mother tongue. Tamazight being a spoken language its introduction the educational system requires process of standardization the first step of which is its codification and the selection of alphabet to transcribe it. The article e cultural and linguistic issues which have to be taken into consideration min the choice of a system to transcribe a language with no previous written tradition, and to explore the problems raised by its transcription once an alphabet has been chosen (The University of Bradford)

On a New Index for Research Assessment

Farid, Farid O. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2021 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.9 No.3

We introduce a new research assessment measure, called the research excellence index. The measure, which we denote by RE-index, accurately assesses the research performance of a researcher. The methodology used in deriving the RE-index tackles many of the flaws of popular research performance indicators such as publication counts, citation counts, and the h and g indices. A dataset is introduced, which takes advantage of the wide coverage of Scopus and the Library of Congress, and, at the same time, deals with the Scopus database depth problem. For an academic publication x, a prestige-type and length scores are assigned, and if x is published in an academic periodical publication J, the stature of J is identified through a quartile score. The three scores are used to assign a value score to every academic publication, and cited academic publications are given citation scores that encompass both cases of including and excluding self-citations. The foregoing scores are used to derive another set of scores measuring the combined qualitative and quantitative aspects of the creative work, citations of creative work, informative work and citations of informative work of a researcher. The scores take into consideration co-authorship. From these scores, two versions of the RE-index for a researcher are derived, covering the cases of including and excluding self-citations. The new measure is calculated for two mathematicians.

Competition between H₂O and CO₂ for active sites during co-gasification of bituminous coal and pineapple sawdust in an atmosphere containing H₂O, CO₂, H₂, and CO

Massoudi Farid, Massoud,Hwang, Jungho Elsevier Ltd 2017 Fuel Vol.207 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The competition between the H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO<SUB>2</SUB> for the active sites during gasification remains a controversial issue in the literature. In this study, the competition between the H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO<SUB>2</SUB> for the active sites during gasification of coal, biomass, and a mixture of coal and biomass using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic parameters obtained in our previous two papers (Massoudi Farid et al., 2016, 2017) was investigated. It was found that the char–H<SUB>2</SUB>O and char–CO<SUB>2</SUB> reactions occurred on separate active sites for all samples. For a constant CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, increasing the H<SUB>2</SUB>O concentration caused an increase in the kinetic coefficient. The extent to which the kinetic coefficient increased became less pronounced as the amount of biomass in the co-gasified mixture increased. For a constant H<SUB>2</SUB>O concentration, increasing the CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration also increased the kinetic coefficient; however, the extent to which the kinetic coefficient increased was greater when the amount of biomass was higher. Additional experiments were conducted to study the effect of the co-existence of H<SUB>2</SUB> and CO on the competition between the char–H<SUB>2</SUB>O and char–CO<SUB>2</SUB> reactions for the active sites. It was found that the char–H<SUB>2</SUB>O and char–CO<SUB>2</SUB> reactions also occurred on separate active sites, even in the presence of both H<SUB>2</SUB> and CO.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Coal–biomass blended char was gasified in a mixture of CO<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>O, H<SUB>2</SUB>, and CO. </LI> <LI> Char–H<SUB>2</SUB>O and char–CO<SUB>2</SUB> reactions occurred on separate active sites. </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB> and CO had no effect on participation of active sites in the gasification. </LI> </UL> </P>

Free Convection in Vertical Porous Enclosures due to Opposing Fluxes of Heat and Solute at the Vertical Boundaries

Farid Alavyoon,Yoshio Masuda 대한기계학회 1993 International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Vol.1 No.1

Investigating the possibility of replacing IN 738LC gas turbine blades with IN 718

Farid Vakili-Tahami,Mohammad Reza Adibeig 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.10

The possibility of replacing IN 738LC gas turbine blades with IN 718 is investigated in terms of their creep behavior at different workingconditions. The latter superalloy is domestically produced and therefore there is a strong interest in using this alloy in manufacturinggas turbine blades. For this purpose, first the creep behavior and constitutive equation of IN 718 have been determined using experimentaldata. Test samples were machined from as-received bars and their physical and mechanical properties together with their creep behaviorwere examined. Constant load uni-axial creep tests were carried out at two constant temperatures of 660 and 675°C. Initial stressesrange from 490 to 690 MPa that are below the yield stress at each temperature level. The test results verify the quality of the domesticallyproduced superalloy and show that its characteristics match with the international standards. In addition, numerical optimization techniqueswere used to obtain creep constitutive parameters of the produced alloy based on the experimental data. Then, the creep behaviorof gas turbine blades, which operate at different rotating speeds, was investigated using finite element method. The results show thatsince the creep deformation of IN 718 is high, it can only be used in low and medium power gas turbines.

GENERALIZATION OF THE FEJÉR-HADAMARD'S INEQUALITY FOR CONVEX FUNCTION ON COORDINATES

Farid, Ghulam,Rehman, Atiq Ur Korean Mathematical Society 2016 대한수학회논문집 Vol.31 No.1

In this paper, we give generalization of the $Fej\acute{e}r$-Hadamard inequality by using definition of convex functions on n-coordinates. Results given in [8, 12] are particular cases of results given here.

Visualized Preference Transition Network Based on Recency and Frequency

Farid Masruri,Hiroshi Tsuji,Ryosuke Saga 대한산업공학회 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.4

Given a directed graph, we can determine how the user"s preference moves from one product item to another. In this graph called "preference transition network", each node represents the product item while its edge pointing to the other nodes represents the transition of user"s preference. However, with the large number of items make the network become more complex, unclear and difficult to be interpreted. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a visualization technique in preference transition analysis based on recency and frequency. By adapting these two elements, the semantic meaning of each item and its transition can be clearly identified by its different types of node size, color and edge style. The experiment in a sales data has shown the results of the proposed approach.

Late Onset Hypogonadism and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: New Insights

Farid Saad,Louis J Gooren 대한남성과학회 2011 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.29 No.1

Late onset hypogonadism was originally perceived as an academic topic. In the course of two decades it has become an issue impacting on everyday urology. For long time clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, sexual dysfunction and urological complaints affecting the aging male, were regarded as independent clinical entities, treated by a number of medical specialists. Over the last decade their close interrelationship could be convincingly demonstrated. Declining testosterone levels in elderly appear to be central to the above pathologies. Epidemiological studies show that prostate disease occurs at an age when serum testosterone levels decline. It is now clear that erectile dysfunction is a local expression of endothelial dysfunction of the cardiovascular system. Testosterone deficiency is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, sequels of the metabolic syndrome. There is a relationship between the metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The pathophysiology of LUTS has much in common with the pathological substrate of erectile dysfunction with regard to vascular factors and the role of nitric oxide, explaining why phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors have often a beneficial effect on LUTS. It must be regarded an omission not to include testosterone measurements in the work-up of the LUTS, erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. These conditions hinge on testosterone deficiency, and if testosterone deficiency can be proven, testosterone treatment can improve these conditions. There are many sites in the lower urinary tract where testosterone exerts effects.

Ethanol Production from Steam Exploded Rapeseed Straw and the Process Simulation Using Artificial Neural Networks

Farid Talebnia,Moein Mighani,Mostafa Rahimnejad,Irini Angelidaki 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.1

Rapeseed straw was utilized as a cheap rawmaterial for ethanol production. Effects of steam explosionon chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) andsimultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) werestudied. Changes in the pretreatment conditions showedstrong effects on digestibility of the resulting straw. Theoptimum results were obtained at 180°C, 10% solid fraction,1% H2SO4, and 10 min retention time. Under optimalcondition, glucose hydrolysis yields of 93 and 89% wereobtained for 5 and 10% solid fractions, respectively. Thecorresponding ethanol yields were 63 and 67% of maximumtheoretical value. Next, data of the experimental runs wereexploited for modeling the processes by artificial neuralnetworks (ANNs) and performance of the developed modelswas evaluated. The ANN-based models showed a greatpotential for time-course prediction of the studied processes. Efficiency of the joint network for simulating the wholeprocess was also determined and promising results wereobtained.

Ethnobotanical Survey, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Methanolic Extract of the Root Bark of Annona cuneata Oliv.

Farid Khallouki,Roswitha Haubner,Cornelia M. Ulrich,Robert W. Owen 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.11

The root bark of Annona cuneata Oliv. is traditionally used in the Democratic Republic of Congo to treat several debilitating conditions, such as hernia, female sterility, sexual asthenia, and parasitic infections. However, little is known about the composition of the secondary plant substances, which may contribute to these traditional medicinal effects. We conducted an ethnobotanical study and then evaluated the composition of the secondary plant substances in extracts of the root bark by using spectroscopic methods. After delipidation, the root bark was lixiviated in methanol, and components in the extract were studied by gas chromatography–mass spectometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–electrospray ionization–MS and nano-electrospray ionization–MS–MS. These methods identified 13 secondary plant substances (almost exclusively phenolic compounds): p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), vanillin (II), tyrosol (III), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (IV), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (V), vanillyl alcohol (VI), syringaldehyde (VII), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol (VIII), vanillic acid (IX), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (X), syringic acid (XI), and ferulic acid (XII), along with the phytosterol squalene (XIII). In the HPLC-based hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase antioxidant assay system, the methanolic extract exhibited potent antioxidant capacity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 72 μL, equivalent to 1.38 mg/mL of raw extract. Thus, a methanol extract of A. cuneata Oliv. contained a range of polyphenolic compounds, which may be partly responsible for its known traditional medicinal effects. More detailed studies on the phytochemistry of this important plant species are therefore warranted.