Effects of Temperature and Ethylene Response Inhibitors on Growth and Flowering of Passion Fruit

Fang-Yin Liu,Yung-Liang Peng,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.3

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’. Low temperature treatment (20/15℃) caused passion fruit cultivar ‘Tai-nung No.1’ to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of 20-30℃, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at 30/25℃ and 25/20℃. However, plants grown at 30/25℃ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at 25/20℃. Plants grown at 30/25℃ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’, when they were exposed to low temperature conditions (20/15℃) following chemical treatments (AgNO₃ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). AgNO₃ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at 20/15℃ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit ‘Tai-nung No.1’exposed to low temperature conditions (20/15℃) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.

Growth Regulators Prolong Bract Longevity of Potted Bougainvillea

Fang-Yin Liu,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2011 원예과학기술지 Vol.29 No.4

When bougainvilleas are subjected to indoor low-light conditions, flower bracts regularly abscise. This study elucidates the effects of plant growth regulators on bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Potted ‘Taipei Red’ bougainvillea in four different bract development stages were treated with 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), SNA (sodium salt of naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indolebutyric acid), BA (6-benzylaminopurine), KH₂PO₄ (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), Put (diamine putrescine), SA (salicylic acid), or STS (silver thiosulfate) and were moved to indoor low-light conditions after treatments. Experimental results indicate that 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, and SA prolonged bract longevity, and this effect increased as bract stage increased. The effect of STS was significant in early bract stages and decreased as bract stages increased. Additionally, 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, SA, and STS treatment significantly reduced endogenous ACC (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate) content and ACC oxidase activity, suggesting that the inhibition of ethylene production was achieved via physiological metabolism. However, treatment with IBA or KH₂PO₄ had no effect on the bract longevity at any stage. In the combined chemical treatments, NAA + STS or NAA + SA were effectively for prolonging bract longevity and contained less protein or chlorophyll degradation, decrease ACC oxidase or ethylene production than the control. In conclusion, we propose that combined chemical treatment significantly prolonged the bract longevity and more effectively than single chemical treatment at any stage.

Silver Ion Promotes Flower Formation of Passionfruit under Low Temperature Condition

Fang Yin Liu,Yu Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Auxin Applications on Prolonging Bract Longevity of Potted Bougainvillea

Fang Yin Liu,Yu Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Genome-wide Analysis of Aberrant DNA Methylation for Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Fang, Wei-Jia,Zheng, Yi,Wu, Li-Ming,Ke, Qing-Hong,Shen, Hong,Yuan, Ying,Zheng, Shu-Sen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Genome wide analysis studies have identified sequence mutations causing loss-of-function that are associated with disease occurrence and severity. Epigenetic modifications, such DNA methylation, have also been implicated in many cancers but have yet to be examined in the East Asian population of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Biopsies of tumors and matched non-cancerous tissue types were obtained and genomic DNA was isolated and subjected to the bisulphite conversion method for comparative DNA methylation analysis on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Results: Totals of 258 and 74 genes were found to be hyper- and hypo-methylated as compared to the individual's matched control tissue. Interestingly, three genes that exhibited hypermethylation in their promoter regions, CMTM2, ECRG4, and SH3GL3, were shown to be significantly associated with colorectal cancer in previous studies. Using heatmap cluster analysis, eight hypermethylated and 10 hypomethylated genes were identified as significantly differentially methylated genes in the tumour tissues. Conclusions: Genome-wide methylation profiling facilitates rapid and simultaneous analysis of cancerous cells which may help to identify methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and prognosis. Our results show the promise of the microarray technology in identification of potential methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancers.

Acute Stress and Chronic Stress Change Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Tyrosine Kinase- Coupled Receptor (TrkB) Expression in Both Young and Aged Rat Hippocampus

Shou-Sen Shi,Shu-hong Shao,Bang-ping Yuan,Fang Pan,Zun-Ling Li 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic change of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, protein, and tyrosine kinase-coupled receptor (TrkB) mRNA of the rat hippocampus under different stress conditions and to explore the influence of senescence on the productions expression. Materials and Methods: By using forced-swimming in 4°C cold ice water and 25°C warm water, young and aged male rats were randomly divided into acute stress (AS) and chronic mild repeated stress (CMRS) subgroups, respectively. BDNF productions and TrkB mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by using Western-blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),separately, at 15, 30, 60, 180, and 720 min after the last stress session. Results: The short AS induced a significant increase in BDNF mRNA and protein in both age groups, but the changes in the young group were substantially greater than those of the aged group (p < 0.005). The CMRS resulted in a decrease in BDNF mRNA and protein, but a significant increase in TrkB mRNA in both young and age groups. The expression of BDNF mRNA and protein in the AS groups were higher than in the CMRS groups at 15, 30, and 60 min after stress. Conclusion: The results indicated that the up/down-regulation of BDNF and TrkB were affected by aging and the stimulus paradigm, which might reflect important mechanisms by which the hippocampus copes with stressful stimuli.

Effects of Temperature and Ethylene Response Inhibitors on Growth and Flowering of Passion Fruit

Liu, Fang-Yin,Peng, Yung-Liang,Chang, Yu-Sen Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.3

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'. Low temperature treatment ($20/15^{\circ}C$) caused passion fruit cultivar 'Tai-nung No.1' to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of $20-30^{\circ}C$, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ and $25/20^{\circ}C$. However, plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at $25/20^{\circ}C$. Plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1', when they were exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) following chemical treatments ($AgNO_3$ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). $AgNO_3$ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at $20/15^{\circ}C$ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.

Growth Regulators Prolong Bract Longevity of Potted Bougainvillea

Liu, Fang-Yin,Chang, Yu-Sen Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2011 원예과학기술지 Vol.29 No.4

When bougainvilleas are subjected to indoor low-light conditions, flower bracts regularly abscise. This study elucidates the effects of plant growth regulators on bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Potted 'Taipei Red' bougainvillea in four different bract development stages were treated with 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), SNA (sodium salt of naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indolebutyric acid), BA (6-benzylaminopurine), $KH_2PO_4$ (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), Put (diamine putrescine), SA (salicylic acid), or STS (silver thiosulfate) and were moved to indoor low-light conditions after treatments. Experimental results indicate that 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, and SA prolonged bract longevity, and this effect increased as bract stage increased. The effect of STS was significant in early bract stages and decreased as bract stages increased. Additionally, 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, SA, and STS treatment significantly reduced endogenous ACC (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate) content and ACC oxidase activity, suggesting that the inhibition of ethylene production was achieved via physiological metabolism. However, treatment with IBA or $KH_2PO_4$ had no effect on the bract longevity at any stage. In the combined chemical treatments, NAA + STS or NAA + SA were effectively for prolonging bract longevity and contained less protein or chlorophyll degradation, decrease ACC oxidase or ethylene production than the control. In conclusion, we propose that combined chemical treatment significantly prolonged the bract longevity and more effectively than single chemical treatment at any stage.

N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Susceptibility to Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Tian, Fang-Shuo,Shen, Li,Ren, Yang-Wu,Zhang, Yue,Yin, Zhi-Hua,Zhou, Bao-Sen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a polymorphic enzyme that plays an important role in the metabolism of various potential carcinogens. In recent years, a number of studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the rs1799930 and rs1799931 polymorphism in NAT2 and cancer risk in multiple populations for different types of cancer. However, the results were not consistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to further explore the relationship between NAT2 polymorphism and the risk of cancer. A total of 21 studies involving 15, 450 subjects for rs1799930 and 13, 011 subjects for rs1799931 were included in this meta-analysis. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess strength of associations. We also evaluated the publication bias and performed a sensitivity analysis. Overall, our results showed an apparent significant association between the NAT2 rs1799930 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility in Asians (GA vs. GG: OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.03-1.45; dominant model: OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.03-1.43) and population-based controls (GA vs. GG: OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01-1.19; dominant model: OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.18). In contrast, a significant association was observed between the NAT2 rs1799931 G>A polymorphism and decreased cancer susceptibility in overall meta-analysis (AA vs. GG: OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.33-0.93; GA vs. GG: OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.88-1.14; dominant model: OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.86-1.10; recessive model: OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.34-0.94) and the Asian group (AA vs. GG: OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26-0.94; recessive model, OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.27-0.94). We found that the NAT2 rs1799930 may be a risk factor, while the NAT2 rs1799931 polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of cancer and is likely a protective factor against cancer development.

Effects of the Frequency-degree Correlation on Local Synchronization in Complex Networks

Shijin Jiang,Wenyi Fang,Shaoting Tang,Sen Pei,Shu Yan,Zhiming Zheng 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.2

We investigate the effects of the frequency-degree correlation on local synchronization in complex networks with Kuramoto oscillators. We find that a discontinuous synchronization transition occurs in the local patterns for heterogenous networks while for homogenous networks, the local synchronization transition remains continuous. Then, we extend our study to a general frequency-degree correlation case and conclude that the positive correlation does not change the local synchronization patterns while in the case of a negative correlation, the local synchronization transition degenerates to second order. Moreover, the correlation parameter α is verified to have a strong influence on the synchronization level. In particular, smaller |α| results in higher synchronization ability and faster speed to a synchronized state. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the effects of the frequency-degree correlation on network synchronization.