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Vitamin D Is Required for IFN- -Mediated Antimicrobial Activity of Human Macrophages
Fabri, M.,Stenger, S.,Shin, D.-M.,Yuk, J.-M.,Liu, P. T.,Realegeno, S.,Lee, H.-M.,Krutzik, S. R.,Schenk, M.,Sieling, P. A.,Teles, R.,Montoya, D.,Iyer, S. S.,Bruns, H.,Lewinsohn, D. M.,Hollis, B. W.,Hew American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2011 Science translational medicine Vol.3 No.104
<P>Control of tuberculosis worldwide depends on our understanding of human immune mechanisms, which combat the infection. Acquired T cell responses are critical for host defense against microbial pathogens, yet the mechanisms by which they act in humans remain unclear. We report that T cells, by the release of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), induce autophagy, phagosomal maturation, the production of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin, and antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages via a vitamin D-dependent pathway. IFN-γ induced the antimicrobial pathway in human macrophages cultured in vitamin D-sufficient sera, but not in sera from African-Americans that have lower amounts of vitamin D and who are more susceptible to tuberculosis. In vitro supplementation of vitamin D-deficient serum with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 restored IFN-γ-induced antimicrobial peptide expression, autophagy, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and antimicrobial activity. These results suggest a mechanism in which vitamin D is required for acquired immunity to overcome the ability of intracellular pathogens to evade macrophage-mediated antimicrobial responses. The present findings underscore the importance of adequate amounts of vitamin D in all human populations for sustaining both innate and acquired immunity against infection.</P>
Identification of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Compounds of Lippia Species by Bioautography
Rodrigo Luiz Fabri,Mauro Silva Nogueira,Jussara dos Reis Moreira,Maria Lúcia Morcef Bouzada,Elita Scio 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7
The methanolic extracts of the leaves of Lippia species (L. pseudo-thea, L. hermannioides, L. alba, L. rubella, and L. sidoides) were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity was determined by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Phytochemical screening was also performed. The extracts showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 78 to 5000 μg/mL for antibacterial activity against at least 2 species of bacteria, although none was active against Escherichia coli. Antifungal activity was found only for L. pseudo-thea (MIC, 625 μg/mL for Candida albicans) and L. sidoides (MIC, 625 μg/mL for both C. albicans and C. neoformans). The bioautography showed that flavonoids and coumarins are responsible for the antioxidant activity of the extracts and that the antimicrobial properties are due to flavonoids and terpenoids. The cytotoxic activity was stronger for L rubella extract. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the biological and chemical constituents of L. pseudo-thea, L. hermannioides, and L. rubella.
JAPANESE OREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA: THE CASE OF DALIAN & SHANGHAI (1984-1997)1
Nathalie H. Fabry,Sylvain H. Zeghni 사람과세계경영학회 2001 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.6 No.1
Since the 90s there is a renewal of Japanese foreign direct investment (JFDI) in Asia, due to a reassessment ofthe advantages provided by the zone (demand, high rate ofgrowth, low labor c;ost, reliable infrastructures). Since 1992, China seems to be a privileged JFDI host country in Asia. This article focuses on JFDI in two interesting sites, Dalian and Shanghai during the period from 1984 to 1997. The concentration ofJFDI in Dalian and Shanghai is led by two different logics. JFDI in Dalian is the result ofa long history and is mainly supply-oriented. In Shanghai, JFDI is more recent and closely linked to other foreign competitors strategy in China. Thus, JFDI are more demand-led. Finally, the paper attempt to validate by an empirical test the hypotheses that JFDI in Shanghai springs from a different strategy than those in Dalian.
JAPANESE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA: THE CASE OF DALIAN & SHANGHAI (1984-1997)
Nathalie H Fabry,Sylvain H Zeghni People&Global Business Association 2001 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.6 No.1
Since the 90's there is a renewal of Japanese foreign direct investment (JFDI) in Asia, due to a reassessment of the advantages provided by the zone (demand, high rate of growth, low labor cost, reliable infrastructures). Since 1992, China seems to be a privileged JFDI host country in Asia. This article focuses on JFDI in two interesting sites, Dalian and Shanghai during the period from 1984 to 1997. The concentration of JFDI in Dalian and Shanghai is led by two different logics. JFDI in Dalian is the result of a long history and is mainly supply-oriented. In Shanghai, JFDI is more recent and closely linked to other foreign competitors strategy in China. Thus, JFDI are more demand-led. Finally, the paper attempt to validate by an empirical test the hypotheses that JFDI in Shanghai springs from a different strategy than those in Dalian.