Endophytic Fungi from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen Producing Naringenin Inhibit the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus by Interfering with Cell Membrane, DNA, and Protein

Yuan Gao,Yubin Ji,Wenlan Li,Fuling Wang,Fuling Wang,Xiaomeng Zhang,Zhihui Niu,Lulu Zhou,Lijun Yan 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.2

This study focused on the antibacterial effects of the endophytic fungi producing naringenin from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity was measured by the inhibition diameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The time-killing curve was also used to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy. The results of antibacterial activity determinations showed that endophytic fungi secondary metabolites can inhibit the growth of five pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis) and the most sensitive strain was S. aureus that had the MIC and MBC values of 0.13 and 0.50 mg/mL, respectively. The membrane permeability study was measured by a DNA leakage assay and electrical conductivity assay. Furthermore, the whole-cell protein lysates and DNA fragmentation assay was evaluated. The morphology of S. aureus treated with the endophytic fungi products was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The probable antibacterial mechanism of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites was the increased membrane permeability that leads to leaks of nucleic acids and proteins. SEM results further confirmed that the extracts can interfere with the integrity of S. aureus cell membrane and further inhibit the growth of bacteria, resulting in the death of bacteria. This study provides a new perspective for the antibacterial functions of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites for biomedical applications.

Optimization the extraction of anthocyanins from blueberry residue by dual-aqueous phase method and cell damage protection study

Yuan Gao,Yubin Ji,Fuling Wang,Wenlan Li,Xiaomeng Zhang,Zhihui Niu,Zhuo Wang 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.13

Blueberry residue is usually discarded as waste,but has a high anthocyanins content. The extraction methodof anthocyanins from blueberry residue with ultrasonicassisted dual-aqueous phase system was optimized. Interms of the principle of central group and design (CCD)experimental design, three-factor and five-level responsesurface analysis was adopted to optimize the extractionconditions with the extraction rate of anthocyanins. Theoptimum extraction rate of anthocyanin was12.372 ± 0.078 mg/g. Anthocyanin extract could protectthe pBR322 DNA oxidative damage induced by Fentonreagent, increase the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities, anddecrease the H2O2-induced cell apoptosis of human normalliver cell (LO2 cell). The study indicates that the extractionrate of anthocyanin was increased by optimized ultrasonicassisted dual-aqueous phase system. The anthocyaninextract could protect DNA and LO2 cell from oxidativedamage.

Shear-strain induced structural relaxation of Cu Σ3 [110](112) symmetric tilt grain boundary: The role of foreign atoms and temperature

Li Yang,Xue Hongtao,Zhou Xin,Tang Fuling,Li Xiuyan,Ren Junqiang,Lu Xuefeng 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.28 No.-

Grain boundaries (GBs) relaxation is a promising and effective strategy to improving GB stability or stabilizing nanocrystalline metals. However, previous studies mainly focused on nanocrystalline pure metals and GB behaviors therein, without considering the role of foreign atoms such as impurity or alloying atoms in GB relaxation. In this work, the shear-strain induced structural relaxation of pure Cu Σ3 [110](112) symmetric tilt GBs (STGBs), and the effects of foreign elements (Fe and Ni) and temperature on the GB relaxation were investigated in detail by molecular dynamics method. The results show that shear strain can trigger the structural relaxation of pure, Fe- and Ni-containing Cu GBs by the emission of Shockley partial dislocations from Cu GBs. Both Fe and Ni have impediment effects on the shear-strain induced GB relaxation, though the content of Fe or Ni atom (0.00165 at.%) is quite low in the GB model. The temperature cannot trigger GB relaxation independently within the considered temperature range, but play a positive role in the shear-strain induced structural relaxations of pure, Fe- and Ni-containing Cu Σ3 [110](112) STGBs. Our work might gain new insights into the mechanically induced GB relaxation in nanocrystalline copper and could be beneficial for improving the stability of Cu GBs.

EFFECT OF THIOPHENE IN BITHIAZOLE-BRIDGED SENSITIZERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

XIAOYU ZHANG,JIANLI HUA,JINXIANG HE,WENJUN WU,HANS AGREN,XIN LI,FULING GUO 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.5

In this paper, we have designed and synthesized four bithiazole-bridged sensitizers (BT-T2,TBT-T2, BT-T3 and TBT-T3) with triphenylamine and indoline as the donor segment andapplied them to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For triphenylamine-based sensitizers as BT-T2 and TBT-T2, adding one thiophene unit between triphenylamine donor and bithiazolemoiety not only led to bathochromic shift of the maximum absorption and increase of molarextinction coe±cient, but also enhanced the photovoltaic conversion e±ciency from 7.12% ofBT-T2 to 7.51% of TBT-T2. But for indoline-based sensitizers as BT-T3 and TBT-T3,adding one thiophene unit between indoline donor and bithiazole moiety resulted in hypochro-matic shift instead of bathochromic shift. We employed the density functional theory (DFT)calculations to further investigate the in°uence of the thiophene unit on their optical and elec-tronic properties and photovoltaic performance of corresponding DSSC devices. Given theresults, a reasonable explanation is the introduction of thiophene unit suppressed the intramo-lecular charge transfer and charge separation in the conjugation system of indoline-based sen-sitizer, which led to the hypochromatic shift of the maximum absorption wavelength and ¯nallythe low Jsc . Since the Jsc dropped sharply from 15.26 mAcm? 2 to 4.52 mAcm? 2 , the photovoltaicconversion e±ciency decreased dramatically from 7.86% to 1.93%.

Design and properties analysis of total internal reflection gratings for pulse compressor at 1053 nm

Qunyu Bi,Jiangjun Zheng,Ailin Guo,Meizhi Sun,Jianpeng Wang,Fuling Zhang,Qingwei Yang,Xinglong Xie,Zunqi Lin 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.1

High-efficiency compression gratings based on total internal reflection (TIR) are promising alternatives of compressor gratings because of their high diffraction efficiency, potential high damage resistant ability,and compact structure. Dependence of the 1 order diffraction efficiencies on grating parameters is analyzed for TE- and TM-polarized incident light of 1053 nm at Littrow angle, which is calculated by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. A more intuitional view on the relation is offered through three-dimensional slicing figures instead of two-dimensional ones. The performances of high-efficiency gratings are compared and regarded as criteria for further choices, including spectral bandwidth, angle bandwidth, dispersion, and intensity distribution. For TE- and TM-irradiations, similar spectral bandwidth and angle bandwidth can be achieved by different grating parameters. However, the computer simulation result on the intensity distributions of the two polarized waves shows that such design should be used under the illumination of TE-polarized wave for lower intensity enhancement ratio,which is an important factor related to the gratings’ damage threshold.

Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project

Jelenkovic, Aline,Yokoyama, Yoshie,Sund, Reijo,Honda, Chika,Bogl, Leonie H,Aaltonen, Sari,Ji, Fuling,Ning, Feng,Pang, Zengchang,Ordoñ,ana, Juan R.,Sá,nchez-Romera, Juan F.,Colodro-Conde, L Cambridge University Press 2015 TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS - Vol.18 No.5

<P>A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.</P>

Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins

Silventoinen, Karri,Jelenkovic, Aline,Sund, Reijo,Hur, Yoon-Mi,Yokoyama, Yoshie,Honda, Chika,Hjelmborg, Jacob vB,Moller, Soren,Ooki, Syuichi,Aaltonen, Sari,Ji, Fuling,Ning, Feng,Pang, Zengchang,Rebato American Society for Clinical Nutrition 2016 The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol.104 No.2

<P>Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.</P>

Solubility and dissolution rate enhancement of lumefantrine using hot melt extrusion technology with physicochemical characterisation

Ritesh Fule,Tariq Meer,Ajay Sav,Purnima Amin 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.4

The interest in hot-melt extrusion as a drug delivery technology for the production of solid dispersion is growing rapidly. Lumefantrine (LUMF) is an antimalarial drug that exhibits poor oral bioavailability, in consequence of its poor aqueous solubility. To improve its antimalarial activity, solid dispersion formulation using hot melt extrusion technology was prepared. Appropriate selection of polymers, favoured the production of amorphous LUMF-polymer solid dispersions. The physicochemical properties of solid dispersions were characterized using scanning electron microscope, Infrared spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. LUMF SD showed enhanced dissolution rate attributed to amorphosization of LUMF. The IC50 value of LUMF SD formulations was found to be (0.084–0.213 ng/mL) i.e. 220–101 times lower than the IC50 value of pure LUMF (18.2 ng/mL) and 45–18 times lower than the IC50 value of standard antimalarial drug, chloroquine (3.8 ng/mL). Molecular dynamic simulation approach was used to investigate drug-polymer molecular interaction using computational modelling Schrodinger software. LUMF SD powder makes the Coartem therapy more operative with value-added beneficial comeback.

Preparation and characterisation of lornoxicam solid dispersion systems using hot melt extrusion technique

Ritesh Fule,Tarique Meer,Purnima Amin,Dinesh Dhamecha,Shyam Ghadlinge 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.1

The aim of the research study was to investigatethe ability of Soluplus and surfactant individually aswell as in combination to improve the solubility, subsequentlythe dissolution profile of lornoxicam (LORX). Alaboratory size single screw rotating extruder with temperatureand speed control parameters employed during hotmelt extrusion (HME) processing of LORX along withpolymer-surfactant blends. Soluplus used as primarysolubilizing agent for preparing solid dispersion (SD). Along with Soluplus different concentrations of surfactantssuch as PEG 400, Lutrol F127, Lutrol F68 were usedto solve the permeability issues related to LORX. Encapsulationof LORX particles inside the molten matrix ofpolymer-excipient blend was confirmed by DSC, XRD andFT-IR. Drug excipient microscopic interaction was furtherconfirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending upon the ratio of the polymer and surfactantsused, the solubility of the hot melt extruded LORX wasimproved and found to be in the range 35–86 lg/ml (actualaqueous solubility of LORX was found to be 0.0083 lg/ml). Dissolution profile of the extruded SD was improvedand was found to be in the range of 98–104 % within20 min (actual dissolution profile of LORX was found tobe 8 % at the end of 1 h). SEM and Raman images suggestthe formation of amorphous dispersion systems. SD wassubjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines andfound to be stable after 6 months when analyzed by HPLC. SD prepared from HME significantly improves the solubilityand dissolution profile of LORX—a BCS class IIdrug.

The Chinese Version of the Work Control Scale for Nurses: Modifying the Translation and Psychometric Testing

Wen Fule,Wang Lin,Fang Zhiyin,Zhu Jinjin,Zhang Yaqing 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: The aim of the study was to modify and test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the work control scale (C-WCS). Methods: The translated scale was administered to 840 nurses in Shanghai. Validity was assessed in terms of content validity and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and testeretest reliability were estimated using Cronbach a and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Psychometric analyses of the C-WCS indicate high reliability and good content and construct validity. Conclusion: The C-WCS has good psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool for measuring work control among nurses in China. The C-WCS will help to further explore the correlations between perceived work control and organizational quality indicators such as nurses' satisfaction, job stress, wellbeing, or intention to stay. It can also be used in nursing outcome studies of work control strategies.