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Alvarenga, R.R.,Rodrigues, P.B.,Zangeronimo, M.G.,Oliveira, E.C.,Mariano, F.C.M.Q.,Lima, E.M.C.,Garcia, A.A.P. Jr,Naves, L.P.,Nardelli, N.B.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9
A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)-197.663 ash-35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)-20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) ($R^2=0.75$) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.
Genetic Diversity of Chinese Indigenous Pig Breeds in Shandong Province Using Microsatellite Markers
Wang, J.Y.,Guo, J.F.,Zhang, Q.,Hu, H.M.,Lin, H.C.,Wang, Cheng,Zhang, Yin,Wu, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.1
To investigate the genetic diversity of six Chinese indigenous pig breeds in Shandong province (Laiwu Black, Dapulian Black, Licha Black, Yantai Black, Yimeng Black and Wulian Black), explain their genetic relationship and assess their integrity and degree of admixture with three Western commercial breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc), 303 individuals from these breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellite markers. In general, high genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.5495 to 0.7746) and large breed differentiation ($F_{ST}$ = 0.188) were observed. The indigenous pig breeds in Shandong exhibited consistently higher levels of genetic diversity than the three Western breeds. However, compared with the Western breeds, which have an $F_{ST}$ value of 0.252, the indigenous breeds in Shandong have smaller $F_{ST}$ value of 0.145. The analysis of breed relationship indicated that the six indigenous breeds are classified into two groups. One includes four breeds, Licha, Yantai, Yimeng and Wulian, which have experienced large gene introgression of the Western breeds through progressive crossbreeding as well as gene flow among themselves. The other includes Laiwu and Dapulian, which are less influenced by the Western breeds and other indigenous breeds in Shandong in the recent past. The results show that some measures must be taken to effectively protect these indigenous pig breeds in Shandong.
Oviduct-specific Glycoprotein 1 Locus is Associated with Litter Size and Weight of Ovaries in Pigs
Niu, B.Y.,Xiong, Y.Z.,Li, F.E.,Jiang, S.W.,Deng, C.Y.,Ding, S.H.,Guo, W.H.,Lei, M.G.,Zheng, R.,Zuo, B.,Xu, D.Q.,Li, J.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.5
Oviduct-specific glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) is implicated in playing a role in fertilization and early embryo development. In this study, we have obtained the sequence of intron 9 of OVGP1 gene in swine. Comparative sequencing of Meishan (a native Chinese breed) and Large White pig breeds revealed an A/T substitution at position 943. A PCR-EcoRI-RFLP assay was developed to detect this mutation. Polymorphism analysis in Qingping animals showed that pigs with BB genotype had lower number of piglets born alive (NBA) in multiple parities than pigs with AA (p<0.05) and AB genotype (p<0.01). In Large $White{\times}Meishan$ ($LW{\times}M$) $F_2$ offspring, the weight of both ovaries (OW) of the BB genotype was significantly lighter than that of AB (p = 0.05) and AA (p<0.01) genotypes. Analysis of the data also revealed that the mutation locus affected these two traits mostly by additive effects. These studies indicated that the polymorphism was associated with NBA and OW in two distinct populations and further investigations in more purebreds or crossbreds are needed to confirm these results.
Zhang, L.,Li, Y.K.,Li, Z.C.,Li, Q.F.,Lyu, M.B.,Li, D.F.,Lai, C.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.12
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of variety and planting year on the nutritive values of corn fed to growing pigs. Four corn varieties examined in this experiment were planted in the same village located in Longhua County, Heibei Province, China, in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. During each year, corn was hand-harvested in early October and sun dried to about 14% moisture content. Three batches of twenty-four barrows ($33.27{\pm}4.30$, $31.88{\pm}2.93$, $34.21{\pm}3.81kg$ body wight [BW] in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively) were used and allotted to a complete block design with 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were individually placed in metabolic crates. The four experimental diets were formulated by mixing each variety of corn and vitamins and minerals, respectively. A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period. The results indicated that variety of corn significantly influenced the available energy content (digestible energy [DE] on dry matter basis, p<0.05; metabolizable energy (ME) on dry matter basis, p<0.05, respectively), and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter (p<0.01), dry matter (p<0.05), gross energy (p<0.05), neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber and ether extract (p<0.05). The planting year also significantly influenced the available energy contents (DE on dry matter basis, p<0.05; ME on dry matter basis, p<0.01, respectively) and the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), and ether extract (p<0.01). No interaction was observed between the variety and planting year in DE and ME contents in corn. In conclusion, the variety and planting year significantly influenced the available energy and nutrient digestibility of corn fed to growing pigs.
Hu, X -T,Zhang, F -B,Fan, Y -C,Shu, X -S,Wong, A H Y,Zhou, W,Shi, Q -L,Tang, H -M,Fu, L,Guan, X -Y,Rha, S Y,Tao, Q,He, C Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 Oncogene Vol.28 No.26
Located at the important tumor suppressor locus, 3p22, PLCD1 encodes an enzyme that mediates regulatory signaling of energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and intracellular movements. We identified PLCD1 as a downregulated gene in aerodigestive carcinomas through expression profiling and epigenetic characterization. We found that PLCD1 was expressed in all normal adult tissues but low or silenced in 84% (16/19) gastric cancer cell lines, well correlated with its CpG island (CGI) methylation status. Methylation was further detected in 62% (61/98) gastric primary tumors, but none of normal gastric mucosa tissues. PLCD1 methylation was significantly correlated with tumor high stage. Detailed methylation analysis of 37 CpG sites at the PLCD1 CGI by bisulfite genomic sequencing confirmed its methylation. PLCD1 silencing could be reversed by pharmacological demethylation with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, indicating a direct epigenetic silencing. Ectopic expression of PLCD1 in silenced gastric tumor cells dramatically inhibited their clonogenicity and migration, possibly through downregulating MMP7 expression and hampering the reorganization of cytoskeleton through cofilin inactivation by phosphorylation. Thus, epigenetic inactivation of PLCD1 is common and tumor-specific in gastric cancer, and PLCD1 acts as a functional tumor suppressor involved in gastric carcinogenesis.Oncogene (2009) 28, 2466–2475; doi:10.1038/onc.2009.92; published online 18 May 2009
Andreae, M. O.,Acevedo, O. C.,Araù,jo, A.,Artaxo, P.,Barbosa, C. G. G.,Barbosa, H. M. J.,Brito, J.,Carbone, S.,Chi, X.,Cintra, B. B. L.,da Silva, N. F.,Dias, N. L.,Dias-Jú,nior, C. Q.,Dita Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.15 No.18
<P>Abstract. The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. </P>
Background model for the NaI(Tl) crystals in COSINE-100
Adhikari, P.,Adhikari, G.,Souza, E. Barbosa de,Carlin, N.,Choi, S.,Choi, W. Q.,Djamal, M.,Ezeribe, A. C.,Ha, C.,Hahn, I. S.,Hubbard, A. J. F.,Jeon, E. J.,Jo, J. H.,Joo, H. W.,Kang, W. G.,Kauer, M.,Kan Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018 European Physical Journal C Vol.78 No.6
<P>The COSINE-100 dark matter search experiment is an array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors located in the Yangyang Underground Laboratory (Y2L). To understand measured backgrounds in the NaI(Tl) crystals we have performed Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit and developed background models for each crystal that consider contributions from both internal and external sources, including cosmogenic nuclides. The background models are based on comparisons of measurement data with Monte Carlo simulations that are guided by a campaign of material assays and are used to evaluate backgrounds and identify their sources. The average background level for the six crystals (70 kg total mass) that are studied is 3.5 counts/day/keV/kg in the (2–6) keV energy interval. The dominant contributors in this energy region are found to be [FORMULA OMISSION]Pb and [FORMULA OMISSION]H.</P>
Magnesium-doped zinc oxide electrochemically grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate.
Han, Q F,Jeong, Y I,Heo, J H,Shin, C M,Ryu, H,Park, M S,Lee, W J,Yoon, J H,Yang, J E,Choi, H American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.12 No.4
<P>Nanostructures of magnesium (Mg) doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) were successfully deposited on conducting fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass plates by cathodic electrochemical deposition method at different potentials and temperature conditions. The deposited samples were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques to confirm their structures, morphologies and optical properties. These measurements show that Mg doped ZnO has a wurtzite structure and that the strongest intensity of the (002) peak is found at 60 degrees C and -1.0 V. Tunable transmittance of Mg doped ZnO has a band gap energy from 3.45 eV to 3.82 eV, which is the direct evidence of doping.</P>