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John Calvin and the Unity of the Church
Ezra Kilsung Kim Presbyterian General Assembly Theological Seminary 2010 CHONGSHIN THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol.15 No.1
This article deals with the unity of the church, taught by John Calvin. The writer pointed out five points on Calvin's view of the church. And he continued to say that Calvin suggested the two marks of the church. Calvin said that wherever we see the Word of God purely preached and heard, and the sacraments administered according to Christ's institution, there, a church of God exists. Then Calvin also emphasized the importance of church discipline in the church in addition to the two marks of the church. He admitted that the right ministry of the Word and the right administration of the sacraments are the two marks of the church for discerning the true church from the false church. He did not regard church discipline as the third mark of the church. But he recognized that it is necessary for the peace and order of the church, while it is not the essence of the church. The Reformed theologians since Calvin regarded church discipline as the third mark of the church. The primary concern of Calvin concerning the unity of the church was that the church should be faithful to the Lord and to the inspired Word of God.
From Fear to Faith: The Two Healing Stories of Jairus’ Daughter and the Hemorrhaging Woman
Ezra Sang Beop Shim Presbyterian General Assembly Theological Seminary 2010 CHONGSHIN THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol.15 No.1
This essay deals with Mark 5:21-43 by the ‘narrative reading’ method on the text, reading the text as it is and as a whole and then finding the author’s rhetorical strategies or intentions for the intended readers. It will be the narrative- rhetorical interpretation focusing on the ‘sandwich technique’ or intercalation. Through this interpretative method, the article will present a theme to the readers: From Fear(shattered or defective faith) to Faith(consistent faith). In this case, the narrative function and/or theological purpose of Mark 5:21- 43, which is called a ‘masterpiece’ among Markan intercalations, will be discussed. According to this method, we can recognize that the narrative is interrelated structurally as well as thematically so that true faith is demanded (v. 36): “mh. fobou/( mo,non pi,steue?” This is also suggested by the function of suspense and irony in the narrative. This faith is not only the faith that Jesus demands to Jairus (story level), the theme participant of the whole narrative, but also the one that his disciples and also the implied readers will have (narrative level). In this case, the story of the hemorrhaging woman interprets and clarifies the kind of faith that is productive of wholeness in the narrative.
SOCIAL MEDIA ADOPTION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE
Ezra Arenyeka,Dimitrios Dousios,Nick Yip 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
The rise of social media has led to SMEs adopting some of these platforms into their day to day activities i.e. Facebook, Instagram, twitter, YouTube. Studies on social media adoption and SMEs firm performance are relatively new and fragmented in their focus, however there is an increasing interest from academia and practitioners for further research and investigation within this area. This study’s aim is to understand the factors that influence social media adoption in SMEs; taking into consideration how they apply entrepreneurial orientation, and absorptive capacity plays a role.
Ezra Kim,Sokchun Chang,여현철 한국국방연구원 2023 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.35 No.3
This study aimed to examine North Korea’s strategy through an in-depth analysis of how North Korea is utilizing peace during the Kim Jong Un regime. To this end, this study analyzed the definition of peace as stated in the dictionary and its implied meaning, i.e., the overall context of the claim by analyzing the keyword peace as it appears in Rodong Sinmun, which is North Korea’s propaganda outlet and serves as the channel to officially announce its stance. Through the analysis, this study identified changes in North Korea’s strategy of using peace under the Kim Jong Un regime. The major results of the analysis are as follows: First, the Kim Jong Un regime has maintained the stance and strategies towards unification and South Korea that were adopted during the Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il eras. Second, from the third period, North Korea, which self-proclaimed that it had secured its position as a legitimate nuclear state based on the 2017 declaration of completing the state nuclear force, deployed a more coercive strategy toward South Korea compared to the previous periods. Third, North Korea is using peace as a policy means to strengthen internal solidarity, secure the legitimacy of the Kim Jong Un regime, and justify its nuclear possession. Fourth, the sharp decline in the frequency of references to peace since 2019, amid the prolonged strained relations between the two Koreas, suggests a change in North Korea’s strategic perspective. Through this study, we derived the domestic and foreign meaning of peace that North Korea claims and identified the characteristics of North Korea’s stance and strategy in dialogue and negotiations. Thus, these findings will help shape South Korea’s mid- to long-term policy toward North Korea and establish a response strategy within the political landscape of Northeast Asia which is changing on a high-level scale due to North Korea’s completion of nuclear weapons. Also, the findings will provide an opportunity for an in-depth approach and response to the peace strategy that North Korea claims.
The Tradition of Chongshin Theology
Kim, Ezra Kilsung Presbyterian General Assembly Theological Seminary 2012 CHONGSHIN THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol.16 No.1
The Tradition of Chongshin Theology goes back to that of the Old Princeton Theology, taught by Princeton Seminary professors during 1812-1929, in which year the seminary was reorganized. Princeton maintained its Old School theological heritage to the very eve of its reorganization. Unlike other seminaries that repudiated their historic orthodox position after a long decline from within, Princeton’s fall was largely precipitated by powerful forces from without the institution. Princeton Seminary remained basically an Old School institution within a broadening church until its reorganization in 1929. Pyungyang Theological Seminary, which was the predecessor of Chongshin Theological Seminary, was established in Pyungyang in 1901 by the four Presbyterian mission boards, and the Prebyterian Theological Quarterly, which has been the magazine representing the seminary, was first published in 1918. Dr. Samuel A. Moffett from the Northern Presbyterian Church was President of the seminary. But Dr. W. D. Reynolds and Dr. Hyung Nong Park were key figures in the area of Systematic Theology during the nascent times of the magazine. Reynolds, who was a professor of the seminary and a missionary from the Southern Presbyterian Church, contributed 57 articles to the Presbyterian Theological Quarterly through 1918 to 1937. Dr. Hyung Nong Park contributed 70 articles, beginning from 1928 and carrying on to 1940, and from the time when the PTQ began to be republished by Prebyterian General Assembly Theological Seminary (Also called Chongshin Theological Seminary) in Seoul in 1954, he contributed 64 articles to the magazine until 1971, and in that year he left the seminary and died in 1978. The Tradition of Chongshin Theology 55 The theological heritage of the Presbyterian Church in Korea is Puritan Reformed Presbyterianism. It is a Presbyterianism that adds the Calvinistic Reformed theology of the European Continent to a British-American Puritan character. From the beginning of our Church and Seminary, We have cherished the historical Reformed, orthodox Calvinistic, and Puritan Presbyterian theology through the teachings and literary works of the professors of Chongshin Theological Seminary and devoted pastors of our Church.