Can the body composition of crossbred dairy cattle be predicted by equations for beef cattle?

Neves, Maria Luciana Menezes Wanderley,de Souza, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira,Veras, Robson Magno Liberal,de Campos Valadares Filho, Sebastiao,Marcondes, Marcos Inacio,da Silva, Gabriel Santana,Barreto, Li Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.10

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Hankins and Howe (HH46), Valadares Filho (V06), and Marcondes (M12) equations for predicting the physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bulls carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies. Methods: This study was conducted using 30 dairy crossbred bulls. One group of five animals was slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, and the remaining were slaughtered 112 days later. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design into treatments consisting different levels of concentrate (0%, 17%, 34%, 51%, and 68%). The physical and chemical compositions of the cattle were obtained from the right half of the carcass and using samples taken between the 9th and 11th ribs of the left half of the carcass. The estimated and experimentally determined values were compared using the correlation and concordance coefficient, as well as the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) and its components. Results: The HH46 equations were better at estimating the amount of muscle plus fat in the carcass. The amount of bone in the carcasses could not be well estimated by the HH46 and M12 models. The M12, HH46, and V06 equations were worst at estimating the amounts of protein, ether extract, and water in the carcass, respectively. In the empty body, the amounts of protein and water were well estimated by the HH46 equations. Protein, ether extract, and water were accurately estimated by the V06 equations, and ether extract by the M12 equations. Conclusion: The physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bull carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies, can be predicted using the equations tested here. The amount of bone in these carcasses could not be accurately predicted.

Advances in functional nanomaterial-based electrochemical techniques for screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals in various sample matrices

Azzouz, Abdelmonaim,Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Kumar, Pawan,Ballesteros, Evaristo,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2019 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.113 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This review was organized to describe the progress made in the integration of nanostructural materials into electrochemical analytical tools for the quantification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in diverse sample matrices (e.g., environmental and biological samples). Here, we focused mainly on seven major EDCs: alkylphenols/phenols, bisphenol A, parabens, triclosan, phthalates, pesticides, and natural/synthetic sex hormones. All of them are known to exhibit endocrine disruption by strong binding with estrogen receptors to pose serious health risks (e.g., cancerous tumors and disorders in various organs). To realize rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of EDCs, the use of nanostructured materials has become a fascinating option due to many merits (e.g., automation, fast response, good accuracy, and high selectivity/sensitivity). Here, the performance of sensing tools built using nanomaterials was assessed for the detection of EDCs in various sample matrices. Our discussion was extended further to cover the future prospects on this fascinating research field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recently, noticeable achievements have been made in electrochemical sensing of EDCs. </LI> <LI> This review summarizes the integration of functional materials into various electrodevices for EDC. </LI> <LI> Quantification of major EDCs is described to including bisphenol A in different types of samples. </LI> <LI> The results will offer valuable insights into the new possibilities and prospects for EDC detection. </LI> </UL> </P>

Blend of essential oils can reduce diarrheal disorders and improve liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets

Grando Maiara Ananda,Costa Vanessa,Genova Jansller Luiz,Rupolo Paulo Evaristo,Azevedo Liliana Bury de,Costa Leandro Batista,Carvalho Silvana Teixeira,Ribeiro Thiago Pereira,Monteiro Daniel Pigat 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.1

Objective: This study was to assess the effects of different doses of an essential oil blend (EOB) on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological and blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphometry, morphology and microbiology, relative weight and length of organs, digestive content pH, and liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. Methods: A total of 135 barrows (7.09±0.29 kg body weight) were allotted randomly in a randomized complete block design based on body weight with nine replications and three animals per pen. Dietary treatments were a negative control (NC): basal diet; positive control (PC): NC plus 125 mg performance-enhancing antibiotic (enramycin 8%)/kg diet; NC plus 100 mg EOB/kg diet (EO100); NC plus 200 mg EOB/kg diet (EO200); and NC plus 400 mg EOB/kg diet (EO400). Diarrhea occurrence was monitored daily, and performance at the end of each phase. Results: Gain to feed ratio was greater (p<0.05) in starter II pigs fed EO400 and EO200 than in those fed EO100. Pigs fed EO400 had lower (p<0.05) DO than those fed NC and EO100 in the total period. Pre-starter II pigs fed NC had (p<0.05) lower serum total protein and plasma protein than pigs fed PC. Pigs fed EO100 showed smaller (p<0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than pigs fed EO400. Starter II pigs fed EO400 had (p<0.05) greater MCV and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes than those fed EO100. There was a greater concentration (p<0.05) of band cells for PC, similar to EO400 and EO200. Performance-enhancing antibiotic and EOB to diets increased (p<0.05) liver superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: Adding 200 and 400 mg EOB/kg diet decreased DO and was advantageous to hematological and blood biochemical profile and liver antioxidant status without being detrimental to growth performance and gastrointestinal health in nursery pigs.

Transthoracic ultrasound shear wave elastography for the study of subpleural lung lesions

Carla Maria Irene Quarato,Mariapia Venuti,Lucia Dimitri,Donato Lacedonia,Anna Simeone,Antonio Mirijello,Salvatore De Cosmo,Evaristo Maiello,Marco Taurchini,Giulia Scioscia,Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro,M 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether new-generation shear wave elastography (SWE) is suitable for the characterization of lung subpleural lesions. Methods: In total, 190 consecutive patients with subpleural lung lesions received ultrasonography and SWE. Patients with suspected malignancy underwent ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle biopsy. Final diagnoses were made on the basis of patients’ clinical course, microbiological studies, and histological results. SWE was also performed in 25 healthy volunteers. Results: We found no statistically significant differences in stiffness between lung carcinomas, lung metastases, and pneumonia (P=0.296) or between different histological types of lung cancer (P=0.393). Necrosis was associated with reduced stiffness in pneumonia. Excluding necrotic lesions, pneumonia showed higher stiffness than lung carcinomas (2.95±0.68 m/s vs. 2.60±0.54 m/s, P=0.006). Chronic pneumonia showed increased stiffness (3.03±0.63 m/ s), probably due to the presence of fibrotic tissue on histology. Pleural effusion was associated with a statistically significant reduction in stiffness, both in lung carcinomas (P=0.004) and lung metastases (P=0.002). The presence of air in healthy lung tissue may lead to incorrect speed estimates due to shear wave reflection (very high values, 14.64±2.19 m/s). Conclusion: Transthoracic SWE could not distinguish lung malignancy from pneumonia, or between different histological types of lung carcinomas. In particular, SWE seems unable to resolve the clinical dilemma of chronic subpleural consolidations. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether new-generation shear wave elastography (SWE) is suitable for the characterization of lung subpleural lesions.Methods: In total, 190 consecutive patients with subpleural lung lesions received ultrasonography and SWE. Patients with suspected malignancy underwent ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle biopsy. Final diagnoses were made on the basis of patients’ clinical course, microbiological studies, and histological results. SWE was also performed in 25 healthy volunteers.Results: We found no statistically significant differences in stiffness between lung carcinomas, lung metastases, and pneumonia (P=0.296) or between different histological types of lung cancer (P=0.393). Necrosis was associated with reduced stiffness in pneumonia. Excluding necrotic lesions, pneumonia showed higher stiffness than lung carcinomas (2.95±0.68 m/s vs. 2.60±0.54 m/s, P=0.006). Chronic pneumonia showed increased stiffness (3.03±0.63 m/s), probably due to the presence of fibrotic tissue on histology. Pleural effusion was associated with a statistically significant reduction in stiffness, both in lung carcinomas (P=0.004) and lung metastases (P=0.002). The presence of air in healthy lung tissue may lead to incorrect speed estimates due to shear wave reflection (very high values, 14.64±2.19 m/s).Conclusion: Transthoracic SWE could not distinguish lung malignancy from pneumonia, or between different histological types of lung carcinomas. In particular, SWE seems unable to resolve the clinical dilemma of chronic subpleural consolidations.

Review of nanomaterials as sorbents in solid-phase extraction for environmental samples

Azzouz, Abdelmonaim,Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Lee, Sang Soo,J. Rascó,n, André,s,Ballesteros, Evaristo,Zhang, Ming,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Anthropogenic organic contaminants (AOCs) are found to exert significant impacts on the human ecosystem, even at low or trace-level concentrations. To meet the growing demand for their quantitation in diverse environmental media, the use of preconcentration approaches (such as solid phase extraction) has become an essential component to practically upgrade both procedural efficiency and the analytical sensitivity. Nanomaterials (NMs) are realized as excellent candidates for proper sorption media because of their unique structural and surface properties with noticeably enhanced sorption capability towards contaminants. This review explores the use of various NMs (metallic and mixed oxide nanoparticles (NPs), carbon NMs (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide), polymer-based nanocomposites (organic polymers, inorganic and hybrid polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and dendrimers), and silicon/magnetic NPs) as potential sorbents for analytical applications. In this review, the distinctive features of NM-based sorptive extraction techniques are examined comprehensively with the discussion on their future prospects and key challenges.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applications of nanomaterials in sorptive extraction techniques are overviewed. </LI> <LI> Extraction efficiency of sorptive extraction was improved using nanomaterials. </LI> <LI> This review highlights the integration of nanomaterials with sorptive extraction techniques. </LI> <LI> The prospects of nanomaterials technology in trace level analysis are described. </LI> </UL> </P>