고대 성곽 공방전에 관한 군사 공학적 전략론 분석

배은숙 ( Bae¸ Eun-suk ) 대구사학회 2021 대구사학 Vol.144 No.-

본 연구는 프론티누스와 베게티우스의 글을 군사 공학적인 측면에서 분석했다. 프론티누스는 군지휘관으로서의 실제 경험이 있으므로, 베게티우스는 고위 행정가로서의 경험이 있으므로 이들의 글이 후대에 영향을 끼쳤다고 한다. 이들이 공통으로 거론하는 성곽 공방전을 중심으로 그들이 주장하는 전략과 실제 전투에서 사용하는 전략을 비교, 분석했다. 프론티누스의 글은 적을 공격하는 공성전에 관한 글이 대부분이었다. 그는 공성전 중에서도 포위전에 관한 전략을 상세히 서술했다. 전략적인 측면에서 포위전은 아군에게도 힘든 전투 방식이었다. 포위망을 구축하는 것은 아군에게 상당한 육체적 노동을 강요하고, 적을 경계해야 하는 심리적인 긴장도 상당하다. 또 그가 활동하던 1세기에 로마군은 포위전만 한 것이 없고, 공격전 위주로 전쟁했다. 따라서 프론티누스가 전투 경험을 가진 군지휘관이어서 실질적인 전략을 서술했다는 평가는 잘못된 것이다. 그의 글은 당대의 전투 상황을 전혀 반영하지 못했다고 볼 수 있다. 베게티우스의 글에는 공격적인 전략에 관한 내용이 상당수 있다. 4세기의 전투 사례들을 볼 때 포위망을 구축한 후 공격하든, 곧바로 공격하든 공격전을 펼친 전투가 대부분이었다. 이는 공격전을 강조한 당시의 상황이 베게티우스의 글에서 그대로 반영되었음을 의미한다. 또 그의 수성전 전략도 전략의 현실성과 유익성 면에서 타당했다고 볼 수 있다. 다만 실제 전투가 일어나는 빈도를 볼 때 그의 수성전 전략은 그렇게 활용 가치가 높은 전략은 아니었다. 오히려 베게티우스 글의 유익성은 로마군이 가장 빈번하게 하는 공격전에서 두드러진다. This study analyzed the writings of Frontinus and Vegetius from the perspective of military engineering. Since Frontinus has practical experience as a military commander, and Vegetius has experience as a high-ranking administrator, their writings are said to have influenced future generations. Focusing on the battle for the castle that they commonly discuss, the strategies they claim and the strategies used in actual battles were compared and analyzed. Most of Frontinus's writings were about siege warfare attacking the enemy. During the siege, he detailed the strategy for the encirclement warfare. From a strategic point of view, the siege was a difficult combat method for the Roman army. Establishing a encirclement imposes considerable physical labor on the Romans, and there is also considerable psychological tension to guard against the enemy. Also, in the first century when Frontinus was active, the Roman army fought mainly in attack. Therefore, the evaluation that Frontinus was a military commander with combat experience and described a practical strategy is wrong. It can be seen that his writings did not reflect the battle situation of the time at all. Vegetius' writing has a lot of information about offensive strategies. In the case of battles in the 4th century, most of the battles were offensive, whether attacking after establishing a encirclement or immediately. This means that the situation at the time of emphasizing offensive warfare was reflected in Vegetius's writings. In addition, it can be said that his strategy of a castle defense battle was valid in terms of the practicality and profitability of the strategy. However, when looking at the frequency of actual battles, his strategy was not so valuable to use. The usefulness of the Vegetius writings stands out in the most frequent strikes of the Romans. (Keimyung University / jejs@kmu.ac.kr)

Event-based Types of Languages Revisited in Cognitive Constraints

Eunsuk Lee 한국영미어문학회 2010 영미어문학 Vol.- No.96

This paper assesses the empirical adequacy of linguistic parameters in the context of Chomsky's Universal Grammar by presenting some examples against an event-based language typology. This paper also suggests that cognitive processing mechanisms underlying language processing, rather than linguistic characteristics, might be the source of language universality and that diversity of language might be constrained by common cognitive processing mechanisms.

The association among social stigma, depressive symptom, and quality of life among Korean American HPV patients

( Eunsuk Lee ) 한국모자보건학회 2016 한국모자보건학회 학술대회 연제집 Vol.2016 No.2

연구배경 및 목적 Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. A recent study found that 40% of women aged 20-24 years tested positive for high-risk types of the virus. Strong evidence for the role of persistent high-risk HPV in the aetiology of cervical cancer has resulted in HPV testing being recommended as part of cervical screening in the US. Despite the enormous progress in research on HPV, most of the general public remain unaware of the virus. However, as testing and vaccination become more widely used, public awareness will grow, and this could change the way that cervical cancer is perceived. The purpose of study was to examine among social stigma, depression, and quality of life among Korean American HPV patients. 대상 및 방법 102 Korean American HPV patients who registered in M woman's hospital in C city in the US, consecutively recruited. Data were analyzed with number, percentage, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS/Win 22.0. Inclusion criteria was age of 20 years or over, participants who were able to understand the purpose of the study and agreed to participate in the study, and illegible for communication. The instruments used were Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (Komiya, 2000) to measure social stigma, CES-D Scale (Radloff, 1977) to measure depressive symptoms, and SF-12 (Ware, 1996) to measure quality of life. 연구결과 The participants' age was 23.58(±2.25). The majority was Bachelor's degree earned (n=68; 66.7%), not married (n=84; 82.4%), protestant (n=55; 53.9%), middle class socioeconomic status (n=68; 66.7%), employed (n=79; 77.5%), and previous awareness of HPV reported (n=66; 64.7%). The participants, perceived social stigma was 12.22(±1.76), depressive symptoms was 24.22(±11.79),quality of life physical component (QOL-PCS) was 34.20(±8.46), and quality of life mental component (QOL-MGS) was 45.36(±8.84). There were significant negative correlation between QOL-PCS and depressive symptoms (r=-. 48,p〈. 01); between QOL-MGS and depressive symptoms (r=-.40, p〈.01); and between QOL-MGS and social stigma (r=-.44, p〈.01). There was significant positive correlation between depressive symptoms and social stigma (r=.21, p〈.05). The strongest predictor for QOL-PCS was depressive symptoms (β =-.49,F=8.887, p〈.001), explaining 32% of the variance in the regression model. The strongest predictor for QOL-MCS was social stigma (β =-.52, F=12.579, p〈.001), explaining 40% of the variance in the regression model. 결 론 The findings indicate that public health messages that raise women’ 's awareness of the sexually transmitted nature of HPV may increase their feelings of stigma if they test positive for the virus. However, ensuring that women are aware that HPV is highly prevalent seems to reduce these negative feelings such as stigma or depressive symptoms, and to improve overall quality of life. Therefore, the results of the study will be useful to develop an intervention program and standard guidelines for the HPV patients in order to reduce social stigma and improve quality of life.

Similar image retrieval using Autoencoder - I. Automatic morphology classification of galaxies

Eunsuk Seo,Suk Kim,YoungDea Lee,Sang-Il Han,Hak-Sub Kim,Soo-Chang Rey,Hyunmi Song 한국천문학회 2022 天文學會報 Vol.47 No.2

Informational Processing Style, Spiritual Well-Being, and Quality of Life in the Chronically Critically Ill Elderly Patients

Eunsuk Lee 한국간호과학회 2015 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Comparison of Factors Affecting Perceived and Objective Dental Needs

Eunsuk Ahn,한지형,Ki-Eun Kim 한국치위생과학회 2019 치위생과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Background: With increased interest in oral health, several efforts have been made to improve oral health conditions. To achieve this, needs for oral health must be precisely determined and accurately measured. Therefore, factors influencing both objective unmet dental needs, which were determined by experts, and perceived unmet dental needs, which were determined by patients, were examined in this study. Methods: Responses of 17,735 respondents aged greater than 19 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey collected using the fifth (2010∼2012) rotation sample survey were analyzed. Based on the information collected from the survey and dental examination, we determined the associations between the independent (sex and socioeconomic level) and dependent variables using a chi-squared test. Moreover, ordinal logistic regression analyses on multiple categorical values were performed using perceived and objective dental needs as the dependent variables. Results: Generally, factors influencing both perceived and objective dental needs were similar. These included sex, household income, educational level, private insurance, and subjective oral health status. However, the high-income groups had lesser perceived and objective dental needs compared to the low-income groups. Furthermore, factors such as sex, educational level, and marital status had different influence on both needs. Conclusion: Generally, factors that affect perceived and objective dental needs were similar. To minimize unmet dental needs, factors influencing both perceived and objective dental needs should be examined for a broad dental insurance coverage, and efforts to prevent oral diseases are also required.

Fixpointed Mianorm-Based Logics

Eunsuk Yang(양은석) 한국지능시스템학회 2020 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.30 No.5

미아놈에 기초한 준구조 퍼지 논리의 표준 완전성에 대한 연구가 최근 다루어져 왔다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 연구의 고정점을 갖는 확장에 대해 연구한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 고정점을 갖는 미아놈에 기초한 퍼지 논리 체계들과 그것들의 대수적 의미론을 소개한다. 다음으로 이러한 논리 체계들이 단위 실수 위에서 완전하다는 즉 표준적으로 완전하다는 것을 보인다. Recently, standard completeness for mianorm-based substructural fuzzy logics has been investigated. Here, we investigate such logics with a fixpoint. For this, we first discuss fuzzy logic systems with fixpointed mianorms and their corresponding algebraic semantics. Next, we provide standard completeness for the systems via Yang’s model-theoretic construction.

Impact of Social Support on Subjective Oral Health Status among Elderly People

Eunsuk Ahn,Jin-Ha Lee,Sun-Mi Kim 한국치위생과학회 2020 치위생과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Background: Owing to the increase in the aging population, the health problems of the elderly have become important social problems. Social support has a positive effect on improving the quality of life and prolonging the life of elderly people. It is one of the major factors that affects the oral health status of elderly people. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between oral health status and social support in elderly people using representative data.Methods: In this study, data from a community health survey in 2015 involving 63,929 elderly people aged over 65 years were analyzed. T-test and ANOVA analyses were performed to compare the general characteristics of and perception about social support. Additionally, a linear regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between perceptions about social support and subjective oral health status.Results: We found that sex, age, household income, education level, the presence of a spouse, existence of an unmet dental need, and regular oral check-up had a significant effect on subjective oral health status (p<0.05). In addition, when controlled for all factors, social support has a significant impact on subjective oral health status.Conclusion: The findings indicate that social support is associated with the subjective oral health status of Korean elderly. This suggests that community-level or government investment is required to improve the oral health of the elderly. In particular, policy interventions such as the establishment of facilities that promote social networks, especially facilities based on friendship networks, are needed.

Comparative Study of Two Different Collagen Membranes in the Treatment of Periodontal Defects: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Eunsuk Cho1,홍기석 대한예방치과학회 2019 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.15 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this comparative study is to assess the clinical, radiographic outcomes of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with non-crosslinked and bio-crosslinked collagen membranes, in combination with bovine bone mineral (BBM) graft. Methods: The control group was treated only with BBM (n=10), test group I was treated with non-crosslinked collagen membrane and BBM (n=10), and test group II was treated with bio-crosslinked collagen membrane and BBM (n=10). The measurement of clinical parameters and radiographic evaluation were done before surgery and 3 months after surgery. Clinical parameters measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: Three months after surgery, all three groups showed marked improvement in PD and CAL with statistical significance. None of the groups showed significant improvement in PI and only the test group II showed significant improvement in GI within 0.01 level. The mean reduction in PD was 2.6 mm for the control group, 3.8 mm for the test group I, 3.2 mm for the test group II. The mean improvement in CAL was 2.3 mm for the control group, 3.3 mm for the test group I, 3.2 mm for the test group II. Radiographic evaluation revealed two barrier groups over 40% bone fill while BBM group showed only 29.9% bone fill. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that both collagen membranes were beneficial for the treatment of intrabony defects.

Multi-story Mountains: Experiences of Mothers with Leukemia Children

( Eunsuk Lee ) 한국모자보건학회 2020 한국모자보건학회 학술대회 연제집 Vol.2020 No.-

Purpose: Chronic illness of childhood affects the parents' quality of life. Leukemia continues to be the largest contributor to cancer-related mortality in children. It is reported that parents of chronic ill children experience chronic grief and low quality of life. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers with leukemia children. Methods: A qualitative approach with phenomenological design was used. To collect depth information from the mothers of children with leukemia, purposive sampling technique was adopted. Data were collected from 10 mothers and each interview was about 35 to 45 minute. The interviewed data were analyzed through thematic analysis using Giorgi’s method. Inclusion criteria were mothers of children between the age group of 1-16 years diagnosed with leukemia and undergoing chemotherapy. Results: The average age of the mothers was 39.24(±4.14). The majority of mothers was employed (n=10; 100%), college education (n=7; 70.0%), Christian affiliated religious preference (n=8; 80.0%), married (n=10; 100%), middle class socioeconomic status (n=6; 60.0%) and the number of child was from 1 to 2 (n=10; 100%). Participants’ occupations were part-time or full-time employees in a small business store or educational institution. The results of the interviews extracted were carefully reviewed and the responses were categorized in the form of concepts in order to identify the experiences of mothers in caring for a child with leukemia. There were 5 themes were analyzed: ‘feelings of multi-story mountains: concern about the child’s death’, ‘inability of mothers to answer the children’s questions’, ‘inability to deal adequately with child aggression’, ‘suffering from the complications of the treatment’, and ‘financial, social, spiritual, psychological burden’. In the ‘feelings of multi-story mountains: concern about the child’s death’ theme, 3 categories were classified: ‘feeling hopeless for treatment of their children’, ‘difficulties in sleeping’, and ‘lack of time to spend with their children’. In the ‘inability of mothers to answer the children’s questions’ theme, 2 categories were identified: ‘inability of parents to answer questions about the reason of their children diseased’, and ‘inability of parents to answer their children’s questions about death’. In the ‘inability to deal adequately with child aggression’ theme, 2 categories were extracted: ‘inability to deal with child fights with her associates’, and ‘inability to deal with child aggression for resisting in taking the medicine’. In the ‘suffering from the complications of the treatment’ theme, 2 categories were explored: ‘suffering from children’s hair loss as a complications of the chemotherapy’, and ‘suffering from children’s nauseous and vomiting as a complications of the chemotherapy’. In the ‘financial, social, spiritual, psychological burden’ theme, 4 categories were discovered: ‘financial burden due to direct and indirect costs’, ‘psychological problems on the family due to change of mood, being ill-tempered, being nervous and sensitive’, ‘spiritual needs in prayer and difficulties in finding trust in God’, and ‘emotional pain and agony’. Conclusion: The results explored that mothers were shocked when they heard of the diagnosis of the child and went through a process of grief, and gradual acceptance had taken place. Many of the mothers had felt emotionally unstable and cried while they heard of the diagnosis. Thus, chronic illness such as leukemia in children results in negative impact on the child and on the mother. The present study finding also revealed that the condition of the child resulted in emotional impact on the mothers. Understanding these experiences helps the nurses in providing holistic care to a child with leukemia, apart from providing physical comfort to the child, she also needs to shift her attention toward the other dimensions of the child's personality and address the needs of mothers.