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李應權 韓國國際經營學會 1995 國際經營硏究 Vol.6 No.1
東아시아에 대한 우리나라의 海外直接投資(Foreign Direct Investment)는 80년대 후반에와 國際收支가 黑字로 돌아서면서 급속히 늘어나고, 이러한 增加는 90년대에 들어와서도 계속 지속되고 있다. 특히 國交의 정상화로 中國과의 交易이 급증하게 됨에 따라 우리 기업들은 中國 진출에 많은 관심을 가지기 시작하였다. 최근에 자동차 및 전자 산업의 공동개발과 육성에 관한 양국간의 협력을 다짐함으로써 企業의 海外進出 및 海外直接投資는 더욱 더 많은 關心의 대상으로 떠오르고 있다. 韓國 企業의 海外直接投資의 역사가 짧고 행태마저도 불분명하여, 극히 소수의 學者들에 시도된 實證的 硏究들은 거시적인 政策측면과 經濟側面에 치중하고 있어 합리적 意思決定者인 企業 차원의 徹視的 측면이 결여되어 있다. 따라서 本硏究에서는 旣存의 諸理論들을 체계적으로 정리함과 아울러 기존의 硏究들이 거시적 측면만을 주로 硏究하고 徹視的 企業側面을 소홀히 했던 점을 감안하여 企業차원을 徹視的 접근에 의해 實證 檢證을 하여 企業의 海外直接投資에 관한 이론적 기반을 제시하고 더 나아가 우리 기업의 海外直接投資의 回歸模型을 推定하여 實證檢證을 하므로서 海外直接投資의 決定요인을 찾아내어 企業과 政府 차원의 政策立案에 다소의 도움을 주고자 하는 데에도 그 目的을 두었다. 특히 海外直接投資는 다른 海外市場 진출 方法에 비해 실패율이 높고 危險도 크다는 점을 감안한다면 企業, 政府, 學界 측면에서 지속적인 關心 및 硏究가 必要하다.
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An Empirical Study about Assessment of the JIT System: on korean semi-production firm
Eung-kweon Lee 한국통상정보학회 2005 통상정보연구 Vol.7 No.2
This study is focused on evaluating the computer-integrated just-in-time (CI-JIT) production system of a semi-conductor manufacturing firm in Korea. Approaching the mid-1980s, the emphasis was on low price, low-cost operations, and quality, especially in USA. American companies have shifted output to low-wage countries like the Philippines, Korea, Japan, Malaysia and allied countries that can make quality products at low prices. Korea and other Asian countries forego short-term profits to gain a solid foothold in a product market, recognizing that larger market share leads to lower cost and higher profit in the long run. They bring manufacturers and suppliers together to improve material management and operation management, using project teams that investigate topics, such as Just-In-Time(JIT)manufacturing, among others. The “Kanban” word means “card” in Japanese, and is used to indicate the desired final delivery schedule. The operation for a particular item produced is scheduled for a specific time. The same process is extended to the external suppliers. More recently, the cards are gradually being replaced by electronic procedures that follow the same concept. Its capacity must be capable of handling the various transactions required by the JIT coverage as well as some allowances for expanded applications.
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An Empirical Study about Assessment of the JIT System: on korean semi-production firm
Lee, Eung-Kweon Korea Association for International Commerce and I 2005 통상정보연구 Vol.7 No.2
This study is focused on evaluating the computer-integrated just-in-time (CI-JIT) production system of a semi-conductor manufacturing firm in Korea. Approaching the mid-1980s, the emphasis was on low price, low-cost operations, and quality, especially in USA. American companies have shifted output to low-wage countries like the Philippines, Korea, Japan, Malaysia and allied countries that can make quality products at low prices. Korea and other Asian countries forego short-term profits to gain a solid foothold in a product market, recognizing that larger market share leads to lower cost and higher profit in the long run. They bring manufacturers and suppliers together to improve material management and operation management, using project teams that investigate topics, such as Just-In-Time(JIT)manufacturing, among others. The "Kanban" word means "card" in Japanese, and is used to indicate the desired final delivery schedule. The operation for a particular item produced is scheduled for a specific time. The same process is extended to the external suppliers. More recently, the cards are gradually being replaced by electronic procedures that follow the same concept. Its capacity must be capable of handling the various transactions required by the JIT coverage as well as some allowances for expanded applications.
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한국의 해외직접투자 모형설정 관한 실증 연구 : 중국&아세안 5개국 2015년-2018년중심
이응권(Eung-Kweon Lee) 한국통상정보학회 2020 통상정보연구 Vol.22 No.2
본 硏究는 한국기업이 世界주요시장과 원자재 확보관련 事業을 수행하고, 나아가서는 사업분야에서 중요한 위치(선점)를 유지 관리하기 위해서 海外投資를 수행하고 있다. 海外直接투자 수행에 있어서 개발(해외직접투자)전략이 선진국 기업의 모델과 다를 수밖에 없다는 전제하에 한국 製造企業을 대상으로 2,015년대 이후의 해외 直接投資의 추이(투자형태요인의 변화)를 파악하고 해외직접투자에 영향을 미치는 년도별 투자 동기 요인과 년도별 투자결정요인의 변화를 산업별 차원에서 분석함으로서 정책적 합의를 구하고 투자 전략과 관련된 旣存理論의 설명력을 검증하기 위한 目的에서 이루어졌다. 이는 企業特有의 경쟁우위가 있어야 해외 直接投資를 할 수 있다는 기존의 이론과는 역으로 해외 직접투자를 함으로서 기업특유의 競爭優位를 개발하고 축적 할 수 있다는 것이다. 그리고 글로벌화 하는 韓國企業의 해외 직접투자에 있어서는 知識과 情報의 이전이 중요하다는 것이며 변화와 혁신을 통해 적어도 자신의 분야에서는 세계적 선도 기업이 되고자 하는 韓國企業이라면 先進國(경쟁국) 기업보다는 더 적극적인 戰略을 모색해야 한다는 전제하에 實證模型을 설정하고 硏究課題들을 정리하였다. 그리고 실예로 이를 위해 먼저 해외에 투자된 직접투자의 추세와 실태를 투자 국별, 투자 산업별, 투자규모 등의 측면에서 살펴보고 韓國製造企業의 投資地域 선택과 결정 및 년도별 투자 요인과 效果 分析을 전략적 적합성에 근거한 狀況模型을 설정한 후 狀況變數가 해외 직접투자 및 決定에 어떻게 영향을 끼쳐 왔고 또 향후에 어떤 변수가 해외직접투자에 우선 고려되어질 것인가를 實證分析하였다. This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World s main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries model and developing countries model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2015 and 2018 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation factors and acturing factors for investment. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment with the existing the on which convinces the competitive advantage for investing overseas. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, avoiding customs, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, which emphasizes to manage trade income and outgo, keeping the balance in the black, ensuring raw materials, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.
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Kim, Eung Kweon,Lee, Ga-Hyun,Lee, Boram,Maeng, Yong-Sun Hindawi 2017 Stem cells international Vol.2017 No.-
<P>Homeostasis and regeneration of corneal epithelia are sustained by limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs); thus, an LESC deficiency is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Despite the generally promising results of cultivated LESC transplantation, it has been limited by variations in long-term success rates, the use of xenogeneic and undefined culture components, and a scarcity of donor tissues. In this study, we identified the culture conditions required to expand LESCs <I>in vitro</I> and established human limbus-derived highly proliferative ABCG2<SUP>+</SUP>/ABCB5<SUP>+</SUP> double-positive LESCs. These LESCs exhibited the LESC marker profile and differentiated into corneal epithelial cells. In addition, cultured LESCs expressed high levels of the stem cell markers Sox2, Oct4, c-Myc, and Klf4, had high telomerase activity, and had stable, normal genomes. These results suggest that our novel cultivation protocol affects the phenotype and differentiation capacity of LESCs. From the limbus, which contains a heterogenous cell population, we have derived highly proliferative ABCG2<SUP>+</SUP>/ABCB5<SUP>+</SUP> double-positive cells with the ability to differentiate into corneal epithelial cells. This study opens a new avenue for investigation of the molecular mechanism of LESC maintenance and expansion <I>in vitro</I> and may impact the treatment of corneal disease, particularly corneal blindness due to an LESC deficiency.</P>
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