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A study on nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of elementary school children in Seoul
Eun-Suil Choi,Na-Ri Shin,Eun-Im Jung,Hae-Ryun Park,Hong-Mie Lee,Kyung-Hee Song 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.4
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition and diet related knowledge, attitude, and behavior of elementary school children in Seoul. The subjects included were 439 (male 236, female 203) elementary school children in the 4th to the 6th grades. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 12.0 program. The average obesity index (OI) was 104.98 and 99.82 for male and female subjects, respectively. The average percentage of underweight, normal, overweight and obese of subjects was 33.7%, 32.8%, 12.3%, and 19.4%, respectively. The percentage of the underweight group of female subjects was higher than that of the male subjects. The percentage of the obese group of male subjects was higher than that of the female subjects. The average score of nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude and dietary behavior was 6.8, 7.44, and 7.34, respectively. Dietary behavior of male subjects was positively correlated with parents’ education levels, monthly household income and nutrition attitude. Dietary behavior of female subjects was positively correlated with monthly household income, nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude. Dietary behavior of female subjects was positively correlated with obesity index (OI). Proper nutrition education and intervention are required for the improvement of elementary school children’s nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and dietary behaviors.
SHARP CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN EVEN [a, b]-FACTOR IN A GRAPH
Cho, Eun-Kyung,Hyun, Jong Yoon,O, Suil,Park, Jeong Rye Korean Mathematical Society 2021 대한수학회보 Vol.58 No.1
Let a and b be positive integers, and let V (G), (G), and 2(G) be the vertex set of a graph G, the minimum degree of G, and the minimum degree sum of two non-adjacent vertices in V (G), respectively. An even [a, b]-factor of a graph G is a spanning subgraph H such that for every vertex v ∈ V (G), dH(v) is even and a ≤ dH(v) ≤ b, where dH(v) is the degree of v in H. Matsuda conjectured that if G is an n-vertex 2-edge-connected graph such that $n{\geq}2a+b+{\frac{a^2-3a}{b}}-2$, (G) ≥ a, and ${\sigma}_2(G){\geq}{\frac{2an}{a+b}}$, then G has an even [a, b]-factor. In this paper, we provide counterexamples, which are highly connected. Furthermore, we give sharp sufficient conditions for a graph to have an even [a, b]-factor. For even an, we conjecture a lower bound for the largest eigenvalue in an n-vertex graph to have an [a, b]-factor.
SHARP ORE-TYPE CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN EVEN [4, b]-FACTOR IN A GRAPH
Cho, Eun-Kyung,Kwon, Su-Ah,O, Suil Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회지 Vol.59 No.4
Let a and b be positive even integers. An even [a, b]-factor of a graph G is a spanning subgraph H such that for every vertex v ∈ V (G), d<sub>H</sub>(v) is even and a ≤ dH(v) ≤ b. Let κ(G) be the minimum size of a vertex set S such that G - S is disconnected or one vertex, and let σ<sub>2</sub>(G) = min<sub>uv∉E(G)</sub> (d(u)+d(v)). In 2005, Matsuda proved an Ore-type condition for an n-vertex graph satisfying certain properties to guarantee the existence of an even [2, b]-factor. In this paper, we prove that for an even positive integer b with b ≥ 6, if G is an n-vertex graph such that n ≥ b + 5, κ(G) ≥ 4, and σ<sub>2</sub>(G) ≥ ${\frac{8n}{b+4}}$, then G contains an even [4, b]-factor; each condition on n, κ(G), and σ<sub>2</sub>(G) is sharp.
<i>In vitro</i> metabolism of a new cardioprotective agent, KR‐32570, in human liver microsomes
Kim, Hyojin,Kang, Suil,Kim, Hyunmi,Yoon, Yune‐,Jung,Cha, Eun‐,Young,Lee, Hye Suk,Kim, Jeong‐,Han,Yea, Sung Su,Lee, Sang‐,Seop,Shin, Jae‐,Gook,Liu, Kwang‐,Hyeon John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 Rapid communications in mass spectrometry Vol.20 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>KR‐32570 (5‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐chlorophenyl)furan‐2‐ylcarbonyl)guanidine) is a new reversible Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> exchanger inhibitor for preventing ischemia‐reperfusion injury. This study was performed to identify the metabolic pathway of KR‐32570 in human liver microsomes. Human liver microsomal incubation of KR‐32570 in the presence of NADPH and UDPGA resulted in the formation of six metabolites, M1–M6. M1 was identified as <I>O</I>‐desmethyl‐KR‐32570, on the basis of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) analysis with the synthesized authentic standard. M2 and M3 were suggested to be hydroxy‐KR‐32570 and hydroxy‐<I>O</I>‐desmethyl‐KR‐32570, respectively. M1, M2, and M3 were further metabolized to their glucuronide conjugates, M4, M5, and M6, respectively. In addition, the specific P450 isoforms responsible for KR‐32570 oxidation to two major metabolites, <I>O</I>‐desmethyl‐KR‐32570 and hydroxy‐KR‐32570, were identified using a combination of correlation analysis, chemical inhibition in human liver microsomes and metabolism by expressed recombinant P450 isoforms. The inhibitory potency of KR‐32570 on clinically major P450s was investigated in human liver microsomes. The results show that CYP3A4 contributes to the oxidation of KR‐32570 to hydroxy‐KR‐32570, and CYP1A2 play the predominant role in <I>O</I>‐demethylation of KR‐32570. KR‐32570 was found to inhibit moderately the metabolism of CYP2C8 substrates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>