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젤라틴에 메틸메타크릴레이트로 유화중합시킨 그라프트 폴리머의 열분해에 관한 연구
설수덕,박찬헌,신은주,왕석주 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1994 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2
Emulsion graft copolymerization with sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) of methyl methacrylate(MMA) onto gelatin was carried out in aqueous solution by potassium persulfate(KPS) as an initiator and thermal degradation of graft copolymer was stuied using a dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetry in the stream of nitrogen gas with 60㎖/min at various heating rate from 4 to 20℃/min, and various time at 200℃ The optimun concentration on emulsion graft copolymerization of KPS, gelatin, MMA, reaction temperature and time were 12×10^(-4)㏖/ℓ, 6g, 6.3×10^(-1)㏖/ℓ, 65℃ and 4hours, respectively. The activation energy of polymerization was 17.8 ㎉/㏖. The range of activation energies of decomposition obtained using Friedman's method was between49~57 ㎉/㏖ and using Ozawa's method was between 44~52㎉/㏖. The thermal degradation of gelatin-g-PMMA is likely due to decomposition of PMMA branches dominantely.
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이혜영,--,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.3
Since water borne infection causes acute diseases and results in spread of diseases by secondary infection, the prevention is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to have a method that is rapid and effective to monitor pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. In this study, we employed a systematic method, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, to develop an effective monitoring system for possible bacterial contaminants in drinking water. For this purpose, PCR primers were derived from 992 bp region of the 16s rRNA gene that is highly conserved through the different species of prokaryotes. To test whether the PCR primers designed are indeed useful for detecting all the possible microbial contaminants in the water, the primers were used to amplify 16s rRNA regions of different microbial water-borne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. As expected, all of tested microorganisms amplified expected size of PCR products indicating designed PCR primers for 16s rRNA indeed can be useful to amplify all different microbial water-borne pathogens in the water. Furthermore, to test whether these 16s rRNA based PCR primers can detect bacterial populations present in the water, water samples taken from diverse sources, such as river, tap, and sewage, were used for amplification. PCR products were for then subjected for cloning into a T-vector to generate a library containing 16s rRNA sequences from various bacteria. With cloned PCR products, RFLP analysis was done using PCR products digested with restriction enzyme such as Hae Ⅲ to obtain species-specific RFLP profiles. After PCR-RFLP, the bacterial clones which showed the same RFLP profiles were regarded as the same ones, and the clones which showed distinctive RFLP profiles were subsequently subjected for sequence analysis for species identification. By this PCR-RFLP analysis, we were able to reveal diverse populations of bacteria living in water. In brief, in unsterilized natural river water, over 60 different species of bacteria were found. On the other hand, no PCR products were detected in drinking tap-water. The results from this study clearly indicate that the PCR-RFLP-sequence analysis can be a useful method for monitoring diverse, perhaps pathogenic bacteria contaminated in water in a rapid fashion.
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Korean Beauty in a Global Cultural Context
( Eun Ju Ko ),( Eun Ha Chun ),( Seul Gi Lee ) 한국마케팅과학회 2011 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.2 No.4
Culture appears to be the significant factor for the competitiveness of a country, as a unique cultural heritage can function as a differentiation tool that can never be emulated by others (Kim, 2009). More and more countries are making great efforts to recognize their own values and to develop cultural contents. Korea, however, lacks a distinctive national image or cultural identity compared to neighboring countries, such as Japan and China. In particular, the Korean lifestyle and traditional values are not being introduced to the world. A cultural prototype can be utilized to render the image of a certain nation more appealing. Living in highly diversified world, it is necessary to rediscover and properly understand the true value of our traditional culture. Therefore, this study (1) identifies the intrinsic values of Korean beauty from ideological, religious, and aesthetic perspectives and backgrounds; (2) discovers the Korean beauty present in the traditional Korean lifestyle and culture, including clothing, food, housing, Korean liquor, and Korean paper; and (3) provides strategic implications for globalizing Korean beauty and improving the national brand value of Korea. To discover the value of Korean beauty, a multilateral literature review was conducted. Previous studies have explored the intrinsic Korean beauty present in traditional culture (i.e., ideology, religion and aesthetics) and in traditional lifestyles (i.e., clothing, food, housing, traditional liquor and paper). Additionally, to reexamine Korean beauty as it is perceived in a modern context, in-depth interviews with thirteen experts in Korean culture were conducted. The in-depth interview method was also applied to determine the strategic implications of globalizing Korean standards of beauty. Lastly, the Experience Grid Model by Schmitt (1999a) was utilized to analyze the globalization strategies of Korean standards of beauty. This study presents the basic characteristics of Korean beauty according to three descriptions: Sagacious harmony of man and nature, Immanence of spiritual values: Symbolism and the culture of ``Jeong (情)``, and Realistic optimism: Beauty of Pungryu (風流) and Han (恨). As Kim (2004b) emphasized the substantiality of intangible value despite the difficulty of proving such value, Korean beauty actually appears in every lifestyle component, including clothing, food, housing, traditional liquors, and Korean paper. From the in-depth interviews, experts commonly pointed out the importance of Korean people having pride in their own tradition and culture before aiming at the globalization of Korean beauty. The results of interviews regarding the requirements for advertising and globalizing Korean beauty can be summed up in three points: ``In-First-Then-Out``, ``Find and Stick to the KOREANESS (Korean Identity)``, and ``Importance of Presentation and Direct Experience``. First, ``In-First-Then-Out`` indicates that having a profound knowledge of and pride in one`s own culture is an essential prerequisite for Koreans. Second, ``Find and Stick to the KOREANESS`` stresses the development of core values and unique edges in Korean culture. Lastly, ``Importance of Presentation and Direct Experience`` suggests that the firsthand experience of the total traditional Korean culture should be further expanded. As a result, this study proposes five marketing strategies related to the Strategic Experiential Modules (SEMs) that can induce a positive perception toward Korean culture and national image. Regarding ``Sense`` marketing, developing luxurious contents with a combination of modernism and tradition is suggested. Movies and fashion shows can be effective experiential channels that can arouse either the aesthetic amusement of or pleasure in Korean beauty. In emotion marketing, related to the ``Feel``, Ko (2005) described the emotional branding strategy in terms of an experienced aspect. Expanding the experiential channel and creating emotional stimuli that compose certain moods relevant to Korean culture is necessary. From the cognition marketing aspect, which is relevant the ``Think`` perspective, associative thinking with Korean culture can be induced by a media program, joint Asian symposium and distinctive naming strategy. As to the ``Act`` module, raising the level of holistic experience and providing various options can help attract voluntary actions. Lastly, relationship marketing, corresponding to the ``Relate`` factor, can be adopted, as this factor injects Korean identity into the whole experience, which leads to a bonding relationship and sincere interaction. Additionally, excellent contents and experiences need to be provided to arouse the self-respect of the Korean people and to produce a natural word-of-mouth effect. This study is intended to rediscover cultural values in Korean tradition in a highly developed material civilization. Traditional cultures have long been transformed, recreated, and naturally selected by socio-cultural changes and are now being redefined as subjects of global materialism. The development of unique Korean values can be utilized by many actors: Korea, by improving national brand value, and Korean companies, by establishing global marketing strategies and using storytelling as a marketing tool. It is time for Korea to grapple with the means of globalizing and positioning traditional Korean culture as having a premium value in the global environment. The general aesthetic values of Korean tradition can be useful in branding with cultural-specific storytelling and differentiating a brand or product (Kim, Kim, & Ko, 2010; Ko & Lee, 2011). However, anxious expectation for short-term performance can ruin the ongoing efforts. The main contribution of this study is that it encompasses both an academic and a managerial perspective in defining Korean beauty and developing a globalization strategy by collecting comments from a variety of expert panels. Further research can implement a quantitative study on consumers` attitudes about, satisfaction with, and evaluation of Korean culture. Additionally, the application of this study to developing brands with storytelling of Korean culture and as a substantive strategy for communicating with customers is encouraged.
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Eun Jeong Yu,Min Jee Kim,Eun A Park,Ye Seul Hong,Sun Ok Park,Sang-Hee Park,Yu Bin Lee,Tae Ki Yoon,Inn Soo Kang 대한의학유전학회 2022 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are structural chromosomal rearrangements involving at least three chromosomes and more than two breakpoints. CCR carriers are generally phenotypically normal but related to higher risk of recurrent miscarriage and having abnormal offspring with congenital anomalies. However, most of CCR carriers are not aware of their condition until genetic analysis of either abortus or affected baby or parental karyotyping is performed. Herein, we present the case that CCR carrier patients can be identified by preimplantation genetic testing of preimplantation embryos. An infertile male patient with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia was diagnosed balanced reciprocal translocation, 46,XY,t(3;11) (p26;p14) at first. After attempting the first preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangement (PGT-SR) cycle, we found the recurrent segmental gain or loss on 21q21.3-q22.3 of five out of nine embryos. As a result of karyotype re-analysis, the patient’s karyotype showed a balanced CCR involving chromosomes 3, 11, and 21 with three breakpoints 3p26, 11p14, and 21q21. The patient underwent two PGT-SR cycles, and a pregnancy was established after the transfer of an euploid embryo in the second cycle. Amniocentesis confirmed that the baby carried normal karyotype without mosaicism. At 37 weeks gestation, a healthy girl weighting 3,050 g was born.
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( Eun Jung Park ),( Seul Kee Lee ),( He Min Jeong ),( Hyung Jin Kim ),( Jin Seok Kim ),( Jae Joon Lee ),( Hoon Suk Cha ),( Eun Mi Koh ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for renal outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debated. This aim of study was to evaluate long-term effect of serum uric acid (SUA) level on progression of CKD in gout patients with uric acid lowering treatment. Methods: All patients who had a fi rst visit for gout with CKD at Samsung Medical Center between 1995 and 2003, and follow-up until December 2012 or expired during follow-up period were included and retrospective analyzed. All serum creatinine and matched SUA taken during follow-up period were analyzed by using Mixed effect model to determine the effect of SUA level on renal outcome. Results: One-hundred eleven gout patients with CKD were observed. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis of gout was 51.3 and mean follow-up duration was 13 years. Baseline eGFR and serum creatinine were 47.7 mL/min/1.73m2 and 1.62 mg/ dL, respectively. Maintaining the SUA below 6 mg/dL showed protective effect on serum creatinine and eGFR compared with SUA more than 6 mg/dL (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Mixed effect model demonstrated the protective effect on renal outcome with maintaining the SUA below 6 mg/dL was statistically signifi cant after adjusting baseline age, follow-up time, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and intrinsic renal disease (p < 0.0001). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and follow-up time were independently associated with progression of chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our long term follow-up data demonstrated the SUA level was associated with progression of CKD in gout patients. Maintaining of SUA level below 6 mg/dL would be essential to protect renal function in gout patients with CKD.
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