http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
엄익환,Eun-JuLee,Jong-PalLee 대한화학회 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.3
Second-order-rate constants (k N ) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of 4-nitrophenyl 2-thiophenecarboxylate (1a) with a series of secondary alicyclic amines in H 2 O containing 20 mole % DMSO at 25.0 o C. The ester 1a is less reactive than 4-nitrophenyl 2-furoate (1b) but more reactive than 4-nitrophenyl benzoate (1c) except towards piperazinium ion. The Brønsted-type plots for the aminolyses of 1a, 1b and 1c are linear with a β nuc value of 0.92, 0.84 and 0.85, respectively, indicating that the replacement of the CH=CH group by a sulfur or an oxygen atom in the benzoyl moiety of 1c does not cause any mechanism change. The reaction of piperidine with a series of substituted phenyl 2-thiophenecarboxylates gives a linear Hammett plot with a large ρ − value ( ρ − = 3.11) when σ − constants are used. The linear Brønsted and Hammett plots with large β nuc and ρ − values suggest that the aminolysis of 1a proceeds via rate-determining break-down of the addition intermediate to the products.
Psychometric Properties of the Hypomania Checklist-32 in Korean Patients with Mood Disorders
Bo-Hyun Yoon,Jules Angst,Won-Myong Bahk,Hee Ryung Wang,Seung-Oh Bae,Moon Doo Kim,Young-Eun Jung,Kyung Joon Min,Hwang-Bin Lee,Seunghee Won,Jeongwan Hong,Myong Su Choi,Duk-In Jon,Young Sup Woo 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.4
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Korean version of the Hypomania Checklist-32, second revision (HCL-32-R2) in mood disorder patients. Methods: A total of 454 patients who diagnosed as mood disorder according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, clinician version (SCID-CV) (bipolar disorder [BD] I, n=190; BD-II, n=72; and major depressive disorder [MDD], n=192) completed the Korean module of the HCL-32-R2 (KHCL-32-R2). Results: The KHCL-32-R2 showed a three-factorial structure (eigenvalue >2) that accounted for 43.26% of the total variance. Factor 1 was labeled “active/elated” and included 16 items; factor 2, “irritable/distractible” and included 9 items; and factor 3 was labeled “risk-taking/indulging” and included 9 items. A score of 16 or more on the KHCL-32-R2 total scale score distinguished between BD and MDD, which yielded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 70%. MDD and BD-II also could be differentiated at a cut-off of 15 with maximized sensitivity (0.67) and specificity (0.66). Cronbach’s alpha of KHCL-32-R2 and its subsets (factors 1, 2, and 3) were 0.91, 0.89, 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. Correlations between KHCL-32-R2 and Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale and Korean version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire were −0.66 ( p =0.41), −0.14 ( p =0.9), and 0.61 ( p <0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The KHCL-32-R2 may be a useful tool in distinguishing between bipolar and depressive patients in clinical settings.