두부 외상 평가를 위한 전산화 단층 촬영 검사에서 관찰된 부비동 이상 소견의 빈도

남의철,이봉재 대한이비인후과학회 1998 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.41 No.4

중국의 금융체제 개혁과 향후 전망 : Implications and Prospects

남수중,양평섭,최의현 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2006 中國硏究 Vol.37 No.-

The paper have analysed the reform of chinese financial system and predicted the variation of RMB exchange rate regime. Firstly, It is exhibited the structural distinctions and scale of chinese financial system. Secondly, the results of analysis present us the reform process of banking system and opening of financial market in china. Thirdly, the paper not only pose some problems in financial system reform and opening market, but also give us the prospects of chinese financial reform from 2006 to 2010 year(the 11th economic planning period). In conclusion, Korean government and industry must have prepared against many changes of financial system and development in china.

乳兒被服의 formaldehyde 含有量에 對한 衛生的 硏究

南潤子,羅義淑 慶熙大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The Study measured the quantity of free formaldehyde in four items of swaddling clothes, diapers, diaper covers and chin covers in order to measure the remaining amount of the chemical in proportion to the frequency number of laundry and ultimately to scale the degree of health hazard to babies. Conclusions and Propositions are as follows: The level of formaldehyde in proportion to the number of cleaning time showed that most of baby wear now in the market were found to be reliable since they remained within the basic value. However, the diaper of C firm, diaper cover of A and B firms, chin cover of C firm and swaddling clothes of A firm far exceeded the basic value, pointing to their poor perception about formaldehyde as yet. However, formaldehyde is water soluble, fortunately, and the amount of formaldehyde can be reduced with the first or the second cleaning. Therefore, it is advisable that washable baby wear be used after at least one time of cleaning.

유도결합 플라즈마를 이용한 백금 박막의 식각 연구

김남훈,장의구,김창일 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

반도체 메모리 소자가 기가 비트급 이상으로 집적화 되어짐에 따라서, DRAM의 정전 용량 확보를 위하여 강유전체막 캐패시터의 연구에 관심이 집중되어졌다. 일반적으로 강유전체 물질들은 하부전극 물질 위에 sol-gel법 등과 같은 고온-산소 분위기의 화학적 방법으로 증착되어진다. 백금은 그 화학적 안정도 때문에 가장 유력한 하부 전극 물질로 대두되고 있다. 하지만, 백금은 어떠한 식각 가스와도 쉽게 휘발성 물질을 생성하지 않는 단점이 있기 때문에 플라즈마 식각의 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 고집적 메모리 소자의 개발을 위해서는 백금 박막의 식각에 관한 연구가 선결되어져야 한다. 본논문에서는 유도 결합 Cl₂/AR, HBr/Cl₂/Ar 플라즈마를 이용한 백금 박막의 식가에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 O₂ 가스첨각가 백금 박막의 식각에 미치는 영향에 고나하여 연구하였다. 플라즈마 진단은 Langmuir 탐침과 OES 및 QMS를 이용하였고, 식각 후 표면 반응에 관한 조사는 XPS를 이용하였으며 식각 형상은 SEM을 이용해서 관찰하였다. 처음으로, Cl₂/Ar 프라즈마를 이용한 식각 하였을 때 보다도, 10% Cl₂/90% Ar 조성비일 때가 분당 1450A 정도로 더 높았다. 하지만, 식각 형상에서 펜스 현상이 SEM 사진을 통해서 관찰되어졌고, XPS 분석에 의해 그 주용 성분이 Pt-Cl의 화합물 형태임을 확인하였다. 다음으로 HBr 가스의 백금 박막의 식각에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. HBr 가스의 분압이 높아질수록 마스트로서의 산화막에 대한 선택비는 다소 향상되는 반면, 백금 박막의 식각 속도는 현저히 감소함을 볼 수 있었다. 마지막으로 O₂ 가스의 첨가가 백금 박막의 식각에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 10% Cl₂/90% Ar 가스 조성비를 유지할 수 O₂ 가스를 5% 첨가하였을 때, 식각 속도의 저하 없이 펜스 현상이 사라짐과 식각 속도의 저하 없이 펜스 현상이 사라짐과 식각 경사도가 60°가량으로 향상되어짐을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 산화막과의 선택비는 2.4 이상으로 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. As highly integrated memory device develops above giga bit, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) requires the capacitor of high dielectric films. Generally, high dielectric materials are prepared on the bottom electrode by chemical methods including sol-gel method with high temperature and oxygen ambient. Pt is the most promising material as bottom electrode owing to its good chemical stability. However, Pt has the drawback of plasma etching because Pt does not easily produce volatile compounds with any etching gas. Therefore, it is the first priority to develop the technology for plasma etching of Pt film in order to achieve the highly integrated memory device. In this study, the etching mechanism of Pt film in inductively coupled plasma etching of Pt film in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) were investigated by using Cl₂/Ar, HBr/Cl₂/Ar plasmas, respectively. And then the additive O₂ gas influence on the etching of Pt film was examined. Surface reaction of Pt etching was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). Etch profile was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And plasma characteristics was investigated by Langmuir probe, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and quadrapole mass spectrometer (QMS). First, the experimental results etched by using Cl /Ar gas chemistry. It is found that the highest etch rate as about 1450 A was obtained at 10% Cl₂/90% Ar gas mixing ratio. However, the fence phenomenon was observed by SEM photograph. The redeposited materials on the pattern sidewall were analyzed into mainly gas in (HB+Cl₂) gas mixing under 90% Ar gas mixing made the fence-free profile and raised the etch slope as about 60° without reducing etch rate of Pt film. And the selectivity increases above 2.4.

Air Rotor Stripping with Essix Anterior Anchor를 이용한 교정치료

최남기,김숙의,양규호 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Air turbine handpiece를 사용하여 치간 법량질을 삭제하는 Air-rotor stripping 술식은 악궁확장이나 발치 술식에 대한 대체방안으로써 arch length discrepancy를 해결할 수 있는 효과적인 접근법으로 시료된다. Conventional interproximal stripping using abrasive strips is normally limited to the anterior teeth. The strips must be forced between the contact points of the teeth creating patient discomfort and the risk of cutting gingival tissue. Air-rotor stripping (ARS) with Essix anterior anchor enables the clinician to remove a precise amount of interproximal enamel to create space, primarily in the buccal quadrants, for aligning or retracting teeth. In selected cases, ARS can resolve significant differences in ratios of tooth size to arch length, and the technique can become an alternative to extraction or expansion. ARS can create substantially more space than that is usually obtained by conventional interproximal stripping, and it can be done at any time during treatment without discomfort to the patient and without adversely affecting the function of the dentition, interocclusal relations, or tooth form.

소아고관절 주위좌골에 발생한 급성 골수염

안의환,정인환,오정환,이성태,김선남 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1998 건국의과학학술지 Vol.8 No.-

Early diagnosis is the key of proper management and reducing of complication in infectious condition of pelvic area. It is difficult to diagnose differentially between pyogenic arthritis of hip joint and osteomyelitis of pelvic bone around hip joint by bone scan that shows only 2 dimensional plane. But it is possible to differnetiate two lesions by SPECT that shows 3 dimensional plane. We report a case of osteomyelitis of ischium around the hip joint in a five year old girl who had severe painful swelling of left buttock, hip and thigh and fever for 2 days. Bone scan showed diffusely increased activity on left hip joint and also pelvic bone surrounding hip joint. But SPECT could visualize increased activity not on left hip joint but only on left ischium. So pyogenic arthritis of hip joint could be ruled out. The patient was cured without any complication by only administration of adequate antibiotics, under the diagnosis of acute osteomyelits of left ischium.

19C 영국 청소년 문학 속에 나타난 남성다운 인간상의 스포츠

하남길,정의진 한국체육사학회 2003 체육사학회지 Vol.11 No.-

In the process of modernization, a great deal of British and American sports culture was diffused into out own educational system as well as our livelihood. However we lacked research in the areas such as the origin and background to the development of British sports culture. In a general point of view British Sports culture was a creation of several factors such as British politics, society, geography, religion and nationality. However in an ideological sense, the single most influential factor in the development of British sports culture was Muscular Christianity and at the nucleus of Muscular Christianity was the concept of manliness. Therefore this article was written with two main objectives. Firstly, 19th century juvenile literature and its ideals of masculinity were examined in order to reveal the figure of a manly juvenile. Secondly, this article examines the rearing of masculine juveniles and its correlation with the development of sports. In novels by Thomas Hughes such as BOP(The Boys Own Paper) the character of a masculine gentleman illustrated was similar to that of a Middle Age Knight with outstanding prowess in sports. This was the appearance of a typical gentleman of the late 19th century and among the characteristics demanded of them were; bravery, honesty, honour, patriotism, loyalty between friends, exceptional ability in masculine sports, empathy for the weak, an unyielding stance against the strong, manners and a worthy attitude of the defeated. That is to say, a courageous and loyal knight of the old. In order to create a template of a manly gentleman in upper class education, training of youths in organisations such as the Boyscout in addition to sports and outdoor activities were considered vital. These physical training bore the intent of prolonging the tradition of sturdy manliness. In addition, an ethical temperament was also emphasised. However, further emphasised than this ethical quality in juvenile literature of this age was to incite in youths the idol of a man; aggressive and harsh, brave, relentless and one that does not step back in the face of battle. To encourage these male temperaments, sports was considered important and as a result sports developed earlier in Great Britain than in other nations.

중합효소연쇄 반응법에 의한 인형거대세포바이러스(human cytomegalovirus)의 신속한 검출

김의종,오명돈,박기호,신형식,이환종,김남중,최강원 대한감염학회 1996 감염 Vol.28 No.4

목 적 : 인형거대세포바이러스(HCMV)는 면역 저하 환자에서 폐렴, 망막염, 간염 등 치명적인 감염증의 원인이다. 전통적인 세포 배양법으로 HCMV를 분리하기까지는 1주에서 4주가 걸리므로 이 바이러스에 의한 질환이 의심되는 경우 신속한 진단법을 이용한 진단이 바람직하다. 저자들은 한국에서 분리되는 야생주 HCMV를 검출하는데 중합효소 연쇄 반응법을 이용할 경우의 진단적 유용성을 알기 위하여, 전통적인 세포배양법으로 HCMV가 분리된 검체를 이용하여 중합효소 연쇄 반응법의 특이도와 민감도를 평가하였다. 방 법 : 국내 야생주 HCMV 15주, 그리고 전통적인 바이러스 배양법으로 HCMV가 분리된 소변 15검체를 대상으로 중합효소 연쇄 반응을 실시하였다. 중합효소 연쇄 반응은 Towne주의 immediate early antigen의 유전자에서 유리된 primer MIE와 AD169주의 immediate early antigen의 유전자에서 유리된 primer IE를 이용하였다. 증폭 산물은 겔 전기영동 후 EtBR으로 염색하여 자외선 하에서 관찰하였다. Primer IE에 의한 증폭산물은 또한, DNA blot hybridization 방법으로 확인하였다. 결 과 : 1) 국내 HCMV 야생주 15주를 대상으로 중합효소 연쇄 반응을 한 결과 primer IE를 이용한 경우에는 100%(15/15)에서 177bp의 증폭 산물이 관찰되었고, 이들 증폭 산물은 모두 probe IE와 보합 결합되었다. primer MIE를 이용한 경우에는 93%(14/15)에서 435bp의 증폭 산물이 관찰되었다. 2) 세포 배양법으로 HCMV가 분리된 소변 15검체를 대상으로 primer IE를 이용하여 중합효소 연쇄 반응을 한 결과 direct gel analysis 법으로는 73%(11/15)에서, 보합 결합법으로는 87%(13/15)에서 관찰되었다. Primer MIE를 이용한 경우에는 direct gel analysis법으로 87%(13/15)에서 435bp의 증폭 산물이 검출되었다. 결 론 : Primer IE와 MIE를 이용한 중합효소 연쇄 반응법은 국내 야생주 HCMV를 신속히 검출하는데 유용한 검사법이다. Background : Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) can cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, retinitis and other serious diseases in the immunocompromised patients. It takes 1 to 4 weeks to diagnose HCMV infection by conventional virus culture. Therefore, when HCMV diseases are suspected, a rapid diagnostic method such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR), antigen assay or shell vial culture is desirable. We evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a PCR for the rapid detection of HCMV wild strains in Korea. Methods : We used 2 sets of primers ; primer IE and primer MIE derived from the sequence for immediate early gene of AD169 strain and Towne strain, respectively. Fifteen clinical isolates of HCMV, suspended in MRC-5 cells, were amplified by PCR. Fifteen urine specimens which were positive for HCMV by conventional virus culture were also amplified. Amplification products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The products from PCR with primer IE were also identified by DNA blot hybridization. Results : PCR using primer IE gave the PCR products in all of the 15 HCMV wild strains. All of these were hybridized with probe IE. When primer MIE were used, 93%(14/15) of the wild strains showed amplified bands by direct gel analysis. When the urine specimens were amplified by PCR with primer IE, amplified bands were seen in 73%(11/15) by direct gel analysis ; 87%(13/15) by hybridization method. When primer MIE were used, 87%(13/15) of the urine specimens showed the PCR products by direct gel analysis. Conclusion : Polymerase chain reaction with primer IE and MIE may be a specific and sensitive diagnostic method for rapid detection of HCMV wild strains in Korea.

합기도 수련생의 수련 지속 요인에 관한 연구

김의영,남승현,김석일,정용우,정천규 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1998 武道硏究所誌 Vol.9 No.1

This study investigated participants who have taken part in Hapkido continuously, in view of age, carrier in exercise, and gender and then analysed how these factors affect continuous participation in Hapkido. 1) The significant factors which enable the participants to continue Hapkido were revealed as health/physical fitness(71.67%), enjoyment / interrest (58.13%), self-protetio / guard(48.28%), phychological benefits(20.94%) 2) The factors of continuing Hapkido were different in ages, which showed significant differences in phychological benefits, skill fulfilment / challenge, accomplishment / position, charm, recreational activity. The response represented specifically in one or two areas in case of younger participants. The more aged, it showed relatively even distribution to the various responses due to the broaden span of thoughts. 3) The factors of continuing Hapkido were different in carrier, which showed significant differences in self-protection / grard, skill fulfillment / challenge, accomplishment/ position in different experiences in exercise. By the time of reaching first phase and second phase, it is thought to show the psychological effect of continuing exercise unconsciously in various areas. 4) The factors of continuing Hapkido were not different in gender, which implicated the fact that the overall attitude and thoughts on Hapkido of female participants and male participants are similar.

자동차 에어컨용 열교환기의 성능특성

서의경,하옥남 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.2

Fin-type Heat Exchanger has been tested in order to replace the Heat Exchanger of P.F-type which is now used in automobile air conditioner system and could get the following conclusion after the comparative characteristics performance test and data analysis 1. Evaporator capacity increased when increased outdoor air temperature, and condenser capacity increased when increased air flow rate passing the evaporator and increased compressor speed. 2. The required power increased when increased outdoor air temperature, air flow rate and compressor speed. 3. COP increased when increased outdoor air temperature and air flow rate.