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Spirulina (Arthrospira) Protects Against Valproic Acid–Induced Neural Tube Defects in Mice
Gerardo N. Escalona-Cardoso,Norma Paniagua-Castro,Ricardo Pe´rez-Paste´n,Germa´n Chamorro-Cevallos 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.12
Valproic acid (VPA) is a potent inducer of neural tube defects in human and mouse, its teratogenicity is associated with its potential to generation of free radicals and increase oxidative stress. Furthermore, spirulina (SP) has shown pharmacological properties against teratogenicity, which are attributed to its antioxidant potential. Accordingly, the present study was performed to investigate the influence of SP on the teratogenicity of VPA in imprinting control region mice and the possible mechanisms of action. VPA (sodium valproate) was administered intraperitoneally to mice on gestation day (GD) 8 at a dose of 600 mg/kg. SP was given orally at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg daily from GD0 through GD18. The most common finding in fetuses with VPA exposure was exencephaly. SP decreased the incidence of this and other malformations and increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, these results illustrate the protective action of SP through its antioxidant activity against VPA-induced teratogenicity.
Spirulina (Arthrospira) Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Teratogenic Damage in Mice
Norma Paniagua-Castro,Gerardo Escalona-Cardoso,Dolores Hernández-Navarro,Ricardo Pérez-Pastén,Germán Chamorro-Cevallos 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.4
The role of Spirulina (Arthrospira) in preventing cadmium (Cd) teratogenicity in ICR mice was studied. Cd was administered intraperitoneally to female mice at 1.5 mg/kg on gestation day (GD)-7, and Spirulina was given by peroral (intragastric) administration at 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg from GD-0 through GD-17 (the day when animals were sacrificed). Because among the mechanisms suggested to account for reproductive damage are oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation, embryonic hydroperoxides were also determined. Treatment with Spirulina at the three highest doses significantly decreased the frequency of fetuses with exencephaly, micrognathia, and skeletal abnormalities induced by Cd. Furthermore, Spirulina treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased lipid peroxidation, which was dramatically increased by administration of the metal. The results of the present study clearly point to the therapeutic potential of Spirulina in Cd-induced teratogenicity and probably through its antioxidant activity.
Salvador Osvaldo Cruz-López,Héctor Bernardo Escalona-Buendía,Angélica Román-Guerrero,Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes,Yenizey Merit Alvarez-Cisneros 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.3
The most abundant Orthoptera in Mexico is a small grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) which is considered a food source with increased nutritional value due to its high protein content. Insect proteins have gained relevance because of their high potential as gelling, texturing, and extender agents in the food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting meat with a soluble protein extract from grasshopper obtained by alkalisation or alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound, on the techno-functional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of cooked meat models (sausages). The soluble protein was extracted in NaHCO3 pH 8 and a piezoelectric ultrasound 5-mm sonotrode at 20 kHz with 99% amplitude. Different formulations with meat substitution: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% were prepared and characterised for their rheological behaviour, emulsion stability, weight loss by cooking, total protein content, colour, and texture. Sensory evaluation was conducted with consumers using a test involving check-all-that-apply and overall liking. The alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound method improved the solubility and the techno-functional properties of the soluble grasshopper protein when applied in sausages at maximum levels of 10% meat substitution. The sensory evaluation indicated that the formulation with 5% meat substitution exhibited the same acceptability as the control sample. Given these results, the soluble protein treated with alkalisation and piezoelectric ultrasound could be used as an extender in meat products.
R. Estrada-Martínez,E. Favela-Torres,N. O. Soto-Cruz,H. B. Escalona-Buendía,G. Saucedo-Castañeda 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.2
A solid standard mixture (SSM) representing the annual composition of fresh fruits and vegetables residues generated at the Supply Center in Mexico City was used for bioethanol production. This type of residues allows bioethanol production with a single thermal pretreatment instead of hard thermochemical or enzymatic treatments. The release of fermentable carbohydrates from the SSM by a mild thermal pretreatment was firstly optimized. After that, mixed and single cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and Schwanniomyces occidentalis were evaluated for bioethanol production. The maximum ethanol production, 282.61 ± 13.09 L ethanol per ton of dry matter (DM), was reached using a severity factor (SF) of 2.35 and a mixed culture composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and Schwanniomyces occidentalis. The improved lab scale conditions were evaluated in a pilot scale (18 Kg) stirred bioreactor with an SF of 2.35 and the mixed culture, obtaining 245.72 ± 17.76 L ethanol per ton DM. The obtained results demonstrate for the first time the use of fresh fruits and vegetables residues for bioethanol production under solid-state culture conditions without any thermochemical or enzymatic pre-treatment.
pep27 and LytA in Vancomycin-Tolerant Pneumococci
( Alma Olivares ),( Jose Olivares Trejo ),( Jose Arellano Galindo ),( Gerardo Zuniga ),( Gerardo Escalona ),( Juan Carlos Vigueras ),( Paula Marin ),( Juan Xicohtencatl ),( Pedro Valencia ),( Norma Ve 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.12
Vancomycin therapy failure due to the emergence of tolerance in pneumococci is increasing. The molecular mechanism of tolerance is not clear, but lytA and pep27 are known to be involved. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of both genes in vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae (VTSP) strains. Eleven VTSP strains from a total of 309 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae from 1997 to 2006 were classified according to the criteria of Liu and Tomasz. All VTSP strains were evaluated for susceptibility according to CLSI criteria, serotype by the Quellung test, and clonality by PFGE. The expressions of lytA and pep27 were analyzed in different growth phases by RT-PCR with and without vancomycin. Eighty-two percent of VTSP strains showed resistance to penicillin, and 100% were sensitive to vancomycin and cefotaxime. The most frequent serotypes of VTSP strains were 23F (4/11) and 6B (3/11). Clonal relationship was observed in only two strains. No significant changes were observed in pep27 expression in the three phases of growth in VTSP strains with and without vancomycin. Interestingly, pep27 expression in the stationary phase in the non-tolerant reference strain R6 was significantly higher. However, no significant differences in lytA expression were observed between VTSP and R6 strains during the phases of growth analyzed. The absence of changes in pep27 expression in VTSP strains in the stationary phase may be related to their ability to tolerate high antibiotic concentrations, and thus, they survive and remain in the host under the antibiotic selective pressure reflected in therapeutic failure.
Effect of Storage at 10OC on Aroma of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Saladet Grown in Mexico
Fernando Diaz de Leon-Sanchez,Lucia Lopez,Fernando Rivera-Cabrera,Clara Pelayo-Zaldivar,Hector B. Escalona,Beatriz Buentello,Francisco J. Fernandez,Adolfo Garcia,Laura J. Perez-Flores 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-