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Information Professionals Going Beyond the Needful User in Digital Humanities Project Collaboration
Engerer, Volkmar P. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2020 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.8 No.1
When information professionals deal with other disciplines in the course of digital humanities projects, they often assume that they are dealing with 'needful users' who have an 'information gap' to fill. This paper argues that the traditional view that information/knowledge is transferred from an information specialist donor to a domain specialist receiver is no longer appropriate in the digital humanities context, where the gap-and-search (or gap-and-filler) approach to information has given way to more direct, explorative engagement with information. The paper asks whether information science and the practising profession are ready for this paradigm shift and examines information science conservatism in two common collaboration scenarios, library support and digital development. It is shown that information science theory still assumes a traditional donor role in both scenarios. How information scientists deal with conservatism in practice is discussed in the example of the Prior project, in which the information science team exerted an ambiguous, hybrid approach with both conservative and non-conservative elements. Finally, two rather hypothetical answers are offered to the question of how information professionals should approach scholarly collaboration in the digital humanities context, where users have ceased to be supplicants. From a purely pragmatic perspective, information scientists need to shift their focus from information needs to research practices and the implications of these practices for digital information systems. More fundamentally, the emergence of digital humanities challenges information professionals to transform information systems designed for searching into digital objects that can be explored more freely by the digital humanities community.
Engerer, Volkmar P. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2019 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.7 No.2
The paper explores how information science knowledge can be used systematically in digital, interdisciplinary research settings and gives a conceptual analysis of the relationship between information science knowledge as donor and other research as receiver in an interdisciplinary project environment. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by the author's work on the project "The Primacy of Tense: A. N. Prior Now and Then." The study proposes a hybrid approach, combining analysis and synthesis. The analytical component identifies information systems, assigns an information system type to them, and accesses the information science knowledge associated with that type. The synthetic part focuses on the connections between information systems according to the receiver discipline's practices. The paper makes explicit the actions of experienced information professionals, thereby making their expertise accessible to others. The analytical and synthetic strategies are explained by linking them to two modes of researchers in the receiver discipline, how they act as researchers and what they know about it. The paper offers information professionals concrete assistance with identification of the appropriate strategy for accessing professional knowledge and taking appropriate actions and development decisions.
Complex Chiral Colloids and Surfaces via High-Index Off-Cut Silicon
McPeak, Kevin M.,van Engers, Christian D.,Blome, Mark,Park, Jong Hyuk,Burger, Sven,Gosá,lvez, Miguel A.,Faridi, Ava,Ries, Yasmina R.,Sahu, Ayaskanta,Norris, David J. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.5
<P>Silicon wafers are commonly etched in potassium hydroxide solutions to form highly symmetric surface structures. These arise when slow-etching {111} atomic planes are exposed on standard low-index surfaces. However, the ability of nonstandard high-index wafers to provide more complex structures by tilting the {111} planes has not been fully appreciated. We demonstrate the power of this approach by creating chiral surface structures and nanoparticles of a specific handedness from gold. When the nanoparticles are dispersed in liquids, gold colloids exhibiting record molar circular dichroism (>5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUP>–1</SUP> cm<SUP>–1</SUP>) at red wavelengths are obtained. The nanoparticles also present chiral pockets for binding.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-5/nl501032j/production/images/medium/nl-2014-01032j_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl501032j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>