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Enae Yoon,Jaehyun Han,Kangyoon Lee,Myoungho Sunwoo 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11
FlexRay is developed to overcome limitations of CAN, and it has advantages in high bandwidth, determinism, and fault tolerance. For migrating from CAN to FlexRay-based control systems, there are two design approaches. The first one is to reuse CAN-based legacy applications without any synchronization between applications, and the other is to redesign the application with time triggered applications using the feature of FlexRay. The first method which is simpler than the other can reduce redevelopment cost and time. However, in the first approach, message delay and jitter can occur in a control loop more than CAN-based control systems because of asynchronization between applications. The delay and jitter in a control loop can degrade control performance in FlexRay-based control systems. In this study, we analyzed the improvement of control performance according to the synchronization between applications in a FlexRay-based lane keeping system. From the result of simulation, the synchronized system achieved improvement in control performance in the FlexRay-based lane keeping system.
Enas Nashaat Amin,Abdel-Alim M. Abdel-Alim,Samia G. Abdel-Moty,Abdel-Naser A. El-Shorbagi,Mahran Sh. Abdel-Rahman 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.1
4,5-dihydro-3(2H)pyridazinones such as CI-914, CI-930 and pimobendan along with tetrahydropyridopyridazine (endralazine) and perhydropyridazinodiazepine (cilazopril) have been used as potent positive inotropes, antihypertensives as well as platelet aggregation inhibitors. Accordingly, the present work involves the synthesis of 24 target compounds; 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)pyridazinones in addition to seven reported intermediates. The chemical structures of the new compounds were assigned by microanalysis, IR, 1H-NMR spectral analysis and some representatives by mass spectrometry. The positive inotropic effect of the final compounds and the intermediates 12a-12d as well as the reported intermediate compound 10 was determined in-vitro on isolated rabbit heart in comparison to digoxin. Data obtained revealed that twelve of the test compounds exhibited higher effective response than digoxin, nine compounds elicited comparable effects to digoxin and eight compounds were less active than digoxin. In addition, four compounds approved marked significant hypotensive effect better than that of the previously reported compound 10. Moreover, two compounds induced complete platelet aggregation inhibition. The last two compounds were also subjected to determination of their LD50 and they showed no signs of toxicity up to the dose level 300 mg/kg (i.p.), while the reported oral LD50 of digoxin is 17.78 mg/kg. Correlation of cardiotonic and hypotensive activities with structures of compounds was tried and pharmacophore models were computed to get useful insight onto the essential structural features required for inhibiting phosphodiesterase-III in the heart muscles and blood vessels.
Enas M. Elmowafy,Mattia Tiboni,Mahmoud E. Soliman 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.4
Background Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are among the well-documented FDAapproved polymers used for the preparation of safe and effective vaccine, drug and gene delivery systems using well-described reproducible methods of fabrication. Various nano and microparticulates are fabricated using these polymers. Their successful performance relies on PLA and PLGA biocompatibility and degradability characteristics. Area covered This review provides an overview of the biocompatibility and biodegradation of PLA, PLGA and their copolymers, with a special emphasis on tissue responses for these polymers as well as their degradation pathways and drug release models. Moreover, the potential of PLA and PLGA based nano and microparticulates in various advanced biomedical applications is highlighted. Expert opinion PLA and PLGA based delivery systems show promises of releasing different drugs, proteins and nucleic acids in a stable and controlled manner and greatly ameliorating their therapeutic efficacy. In addition, advancement in surface modification and targeting of nanoparticles has extended the scope of their utility.