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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating T Cell-mediated Immunity and Disease
Emily L. Yarosz,장정희 대한면역학회 2018 Immune Network Vol.18 No.1
T lymphocytes rely on several metabolic processes to produce the high amounts of energy and metabolites needed to drive clonal expansion and the development of effector functions. However, many of these pathways result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have canonically been thought of as cytotoxic agents due to their ability to damage DNA and other subcellular structures. Interestingly, ROS has recently emerged as a critical second messenger for T cell receptor signaling and T cell activation, but the sensitivity of different T cell subsets to ROS varies. Therefore, the tight regulation of ROS production by cellular antioxidant pathways is critical to maintaining proper signal transduction without compromising the integrity of the cell. This review intends to detail the common metabolic sources of intracellular ROS and the mechanisms by which ROS contributes to the development of T cell-mediated immunity. The regulation of ROS levels by the glutathione pathway and the Nrf2-Keap1-Cul3 trimeric complex will be discussed. Finally, T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases exacerbated by defects in ROS regulation will be further examined in order to identify potential therapeutic interventions for these disorders.
PERCEIVED HOTEL INNOVATIVENESS AS THE DRIVER OF CUSTOMER INTERACTIVITY: A DUAL-PATH MODEL
Emily Ma,Yun Zhang,Wei Xi,Feng Zeng Xu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11
The study proposed a dual-path model to examine the relationship between customer perceived hotel innovativeness and customers’ interactivity, building the signaling theory. The model was tested with hotel customers from China. The findings suggest that customers’ perceived hotel innovativeness not only has a positive and direct impact on their interactivity, it also indirectly contributes to customers’ interactivity via two indirect paths, one featuring a cognitive-economic motivation pathway and the other featuring an affective-motivation pathway.
The Gut Microbiome: Human Health and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
( Emily A. Mann ),( Edward Bae ),( Darya Kostyuchek ),( Hye Jin Chung ),( Jean S. Mcgee ) 대한피부과학회 2020 Annals of Dermatology Vol.32 No.4
The human microbiome is a rich environment consisting of bacteria, fungi and other commensal microorganisms of the gut, mucosa and skin. The functional role of the gut microbiome includes facilitation in metabolism of macronutrients, maturation of the immune system, and production of pro- or anti-inflammatory signaling molecules and peptides. The identification of these resident organisms has brought about a new understanding of disease processes. Nevertheless, more questions remain regarding the interactions within the microbiome, its interactions with the host, and its contributions to the pathophysiology of disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing medical literature to highlight the role of the gut microbiome in human health, also paying attention to its role in several inflammatory skin diseases, namely atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and rosacea. (Ann Dermatol 32(4) 265∼272, 2020)