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Vigilance responding to number of conspecifics among mixed groups of cranes in demilitarized zone
Jabłoń,ski, Piotr G.,Lee, Sangdon,Ellwood, Elizabeth ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2018 ANIMAL CELLS AND SYSTEMS Vol.22 No.2
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Numerous studies have addressed antipredatory benefits of mixed-species flocks of foragers, but studies on individual's vigilance as a function of group size are limited. In the Cheolwon area of the Korean Demilitarized Zone, vigilance of the subordinate White-naped cranes (<I>Grus vipio</I>) in 11 groups composed of conspecifics and the dominant Red-crowned cranes (<I>Grus japonensis</I>) was examined. Vigilance correlated negatively with group size due to negative correlation with the number of conspecifics, but not the dominant heterospecifics. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a decrease in vigilance in larger groups is due to antipredatory benefits from increased predator detection in larger groups (associated with the presence of a larger number of conspecifics). This suggested that the mechanism leads to canceling out of the otherwise expected antipredatory benefits to the subordinate species from the increased predator detection by larger group size (associated with larger number of dominants). This is one of only a few behavioral studies of these endangered crane species in the relatively inaccessible wintering area of international importance in the areas of high conservation value.</P>
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Vigilance responding to number of conspecifics among mixed groups of cranes in demilitarized zone
Piotr Grzegorz Jablonski,이상돈,Elizabeth Ellwood 한국통합생물학회 2018 Animal cells and systems Vol.22 No.2
Numerous studies have addressed antipredatory benefits of mixed-species flocks of foragers, but studies on individual’s vigilance as a function of group size are limited. In the Cheolwon area of the Korean Demilitarized Zone, vigilance of the subordinate White-naped cranes (Grus vipio) in 11 groups composed of conspecifics and the dominant Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) was examined. Vigilance correlated negatively with group size due to negative correlation with the number of conspecifics, but not the dominant heterospecifics. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a decrease in vigilance in larger groups is due to antipredatory benefits from increased predator detection in larger groups (associated with the presence of a larger number of conspecifics). This suggested that the mechanism leads to canceling out of the otherwise expected antipredatory benefits to the subordinate species from the increased predator detection by larger group size (associated with larger number of dominants). This is one of only a few behavioral studies of these endangered crane species in the relatively inaccessible wintering area of international importance in the areas of high conservation value.
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Adarsh Bhat,Maithri Venkat,Xiaoyin Chen,Hiroko Ohtani,Kevin Ellwood,Tony Misovski,Johannes W. Schwank 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.103 No.-
This study elucidates the factors responsible for the deterioration of beaded activated carbon (BAC), usedin the abatement of volatile organic compounds that stem from painting processes in industries. In practice,continuous use of adsorbents during periodic adsorption–desorption results in the formation of heel(non-desorbable polymeric complex) in its pore structures, rendering the adsorbent eventually unusable. Here, the adsorption–desorption characteristics of VOCs from porous BAC are investigated, and an effectivesurface modification strategy is developed to impede heel formation and extend the operational lifeof the BAC. This modification protocol increases porosity by up-to 55 % and modifies the functionalgroups on the BAC surface without altering its structural integrity. Consequently, the adsorption capacityof the BAC increased by nearly 38% while decreasing the peak desorption temperature by as much as50 C due to lowered adsorption strength. Additionally, to provide mechanistic insights, the resultantchanges in porosity, surface morphology, and adsorption–desorption characteristics of the BAC are investigatedby N2 physisorption, SEM, TGA, and DRIFTS. Finally, cyclic adsorption–desorption studies conductedunder conditions mirroring the industrial setup proved that the percentage heel accumulationin surface modified BAC is significantly lower ( 3%) compared to unmodified BAC.
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Forecasting phenology under global warming.
Ibá,ñ,ez, Iné,s,Primack, Richard B,Miller-Rushing, Abraham J,Ellwood, Elizabeth,Higuchi, Hiroyoshi,Lee, Sang Don,Kobori, Hiromi,Silander, John A Royal Society of London 2010 Philosophical transactions. Biological sciences Vol.365 No.1555
<P>As a consequence of warming temperatures around the world, spring and autumn phenologies have been shifting, with corresponding changes in the length of the growing season. Our understanding of the spatial and interspecific variation of these changes, however, is limited. Not all species are responding similarly, and there is significant spatial variation in responses even within species. This spatial and interspecific variation complicates efforts to predict phenological responses to ongoing climate change, but must be incorporated in order to build reliable forecasts. Here, we use a long-term dataset (1953-2005) of plant phenological events in spring (flowering and leaf out) and autumn (leaf colouring and leaf fall) throughout Japan and South Korea to build forecasts that account for these sources of variability. Specifically, we used hierarchical models to incorporate the spatial variability in phenological responses to temperature to then forecast species' overall and site-specific responses to global warming. We found that for most species, spring phenology is advancing and autumn phenology is getting later, with the timing of events changing more quickly in autumn compared with the spring. Temporal trends and phenological responses to temperature in East Asia contrasted with results from comparable studies in Europe, where spring events are changing more rapidly than are autumn events. Our results emphasize the need to study multiple species at many sites to understand and forecast regional changes in phenology.</P>
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