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Aykut Baser,Sinan Eliaçık,Mehmet Murat Baykam,Funda Uysal Tan 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2020 International Neurourology Journal Vol.24 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations of overactive bladder (OAB) with migraine as a comorbidity and to shed light on possible new treatment strategies.Methods: This study included patients aged 18 years and older who were admitted to urology and neurology outpatient clinics between March 1, 2019 and March 1, 2020 for OAB and migraine. The study questionnaire contained 3 sections: (1) questions on demographic characteristics, (2) a migraine ID test, and (3) the Overactive Bladder Inquiry Form - V8 (OAB-V8) form.Results: A total of 265 patients participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 39.75±11.93 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the coexistence of OAB with migraine: group 1, OAB(+)/migraine(+); group 2, OAB(+)/migraine(-); and group 3, OAB(-)/migraine(+). The mean OAB-V8 score was 22.82 ±8.15 in group 1 and 25.64±7.49 in group 2. The mean OAB-V8 score of OAB patients with migraine as a comorbidity was statistically significantly lower than that of OAB patients without migraine (P=0.015). The median visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 7.11 (range, 2–10) in group 1 and 5.95 (range, 2–10) in group 3. This finding indicates that in patients with migraine, having OAB was associated with significantly higher VAS scores (P<0.001).Conclusions: OAB and migraine may be comorbid conditions coexisting in a single patient. This comorbidity may lead to a lower perception of OAB symptoms in OAB patients or, conversely, to a higher perception of migraine pain. Further studies are needed to elucidate how treatments for each of these diseases can affect the other disease.
Maurice J. Elias 한국교육개발원 2013 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.10 No.-
“Education should develop intellectual character, moral character, civic character, and performance character, along with the collective character of the school.” (Shields, 2011, p. 49) At this moment, early in the 21st Century, education has embraced what Flowers (2007) refers to as “economic mythology” that leads to students being seen more as consumers than as citizens and toteachers being seen more as service providing technicians than as educators. When this happens, we “risk the loss of a sense of significance- or even of personal significance.” (Flowers, 2007, p. 13) The focus on standardized test scores is an actuarial extension of this myth and is leading to concomitant (negative) effects on students and on educators (Hargreaves & Shirley, 2008). The fields of character education and social-emotional learning would seem to be an antidote to this condition, but instead, they are in a paradox. Their champion organizations, the Character Education Partnership (www.character.org) and the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (www. CASEL.org), have not captured the imagination of the public and their recommendations have not penetrated educational policies worldwide, though certainly in some locations more than others. Yet their messages are gaining increasing research support (Berkowitz & Bier, 2006; Durlak et al., 2011) and are complemented by increasingly widespread and well-recognized intervention examples from preschool through high school (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning [CASEL], 2013; Character Education Partnership, 2010; www.edutopia.org; Elias & Arnold, 2006;).
Financial Burden of Cancer Drug Treatment in Lebanon
Elias, Fadia,Khuri, Fadlo R,Adib, Salim M,Karam, Rita,Harb, Hilda,Awar, May,Zalloua, Pierre,Ammar, Walid Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7
Background: The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Lebanon provides cancer drugs free of charge for uninsured patients who account for more than half the total case-load. Other categories of cancer care are subsidized under more stringent eligibility criteria. MOPH's large database offers an excellent opportunity to analyze the cost of cancer treatment in Lebanon. Materials and Methods: Using utilization and spending data accumulated at MOPH during 2008-2013, the cost to the public budget of cancer drugs was assessed per case and per drug type. Results: The average annual cost of cancer drugs was 6,475$ per patient. Total cancer drug costs were highest for breast cancer, followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which together represented 74% of total MOPH cancer drug expenditure. The annual average cancer drug cost per case was highest for CML ($31,037), followed by NHL ($11,566). Trastuzumab represented 26% and Imatinib 15% of total MOPH cancer drug expenditure over six years. Conclusions: Sustained increase in cancer drug cost threatens the sustainability of MOPH coverage, so crucial for socially vulnerable citizens. To enhance the bargaining position with pharmaceutical firms for drug cost containment in a small market like Lebanon, drug price comparisons with neighboring countries which have already obtained lower prices may succeed in lowering drug costs.
Elias Towe,D Pal,L L. Chen 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III
This paper addresses two issues in the use of quantum dots in the active regions of optoelectronic devices. The first issue is the observed blue-shift of the emission wavelength of structures that are otherwise characterized to be suitable for laser action at the long wavelength of 1.3 $\mu$m. Because of subsequent heating of the quantum-dot layers at much higher temperatures than they were originally synthesized at, the emission wavelength of the dots is changed. The second issue relates to the requirement for absorbing carriers in the active region of mid-infrared detectors. Introduction of these carriers by impurity doping may not necessarily be the best approach since it is difficult to precisely incorporate just the right density of dopant impurity atoms. An alternative approach that utilizes carrier injection from the device ohmic contact layers is suggested.
Elias Shokati Asl,Mehran Sabahi 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.3
In this paper, a bidirectional topology for quasi-Cuk dc/dc converter with capability of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) is proposed. The bidirectional quasi-Cuk (BQ-Cuk) converter has different voltage and current transfer ratio, reduced voltage stress on capacitor and capability of changing the output polarity in comparison with conventional bidirectional Cuk converter. In this paper, steady-state analysis of the quasi-Cuk converter with capability of ZVZCS in turn-on is presented. Then, critical inductances for transient from this operation to two new operations are calculated. Next, besides values designing of used elements, maximum and minimum value of their current and voltage are calculated. Finally, experimental results to verify the accuracy of the proposed converter in different operating modes are presented.
An Advanced Lithium–Air Battery Exploiting an Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolyte
Elia, G. A.,Hassoun, J.,Kwak, W.-J.,Sun, Y.-K.,Scrosati, B.,Mueller, F.,Bresser, D.,Passerini, S.,Oberhumer, P.,Tsiouvaras, N.,Reiter, J. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.11
<P>A novel lithium–oxygen battery exploiting PYR<SUB>14</SUB>TFSI–LiTFSI as ionic liquid-based electrolyte medium is reported. The Li/PYR<SUB>14</SUB>TFSI–LiTFSI/O<SUB>2</SUB> battery was fully characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, capacity-limited cycling, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of this extensive study demonstrate that this new Li/O<SUB>2</SUB> cell is characterized by a stable electrode–electrolyte interface and a highly reversible charge–discharge cycling behavior. Most remarkably, the charge process (oxygen oxidation reaction) is characterized by a very low overvoltage, enhancing the energy efficiency to 82%, thus, addressing one of the most critical issues preventing the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-11/nl5031985/production/images/medium/nl-2014-031985_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5031985'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Elias Sanidas,Yousun Shin 서울대학교 경제연구소 2011 Seoul journal of economics Vol.24 No.1
The aim of this study is to use two main revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices (Balassa's and the most recent "normalized" indices) and various quantitative techniques in order to systemically and rigorously draw some conclusions as to comparative advantage (CA) of the three East Asian countries. We use both HS 2-digit and 4-digit data to see how the three countries perform in RCA from 1995 to 2008. Overall, we find that there still exists a strict hierarchy in terms of CA in the three East Asian countries, although there is also a catching up process between them with a convergence towards a more competitive structure of RCA in exports. This mainly means that Japan and Korea are already in the process of converging towards the RCA neutral point (thus sectors that had RCA in 1995 get worse and sectors that did not have RCA in 1995 get better). However, China's position is still different from that of the other two countries (overall it might still be in the process of divergence).