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Effect of CNTFET Parameters on Novel High Stable and Low Power:8T CNTFET SRAM Cell
M. Elangovan,M. Elangovan 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.3
In this paper, we have investigated the stability and power consumption of an 8 transistor (8 T) carbon nanotube fi eld-eff ect transistor (CNTFET) based static random-access memory (SRAM) cell. The power and noise performances of the proposed 8 T CNTFET SRAM cell are observed for write, hold and read operations. The power consumption and noise margin of the proposed 8 T CNTFET SRAM cell are compared with that of conventional 6 T and 8 T CNTFET SRAM cells. From the simulation results, it is noted that during the write, hold, and read operations, the proposed structure consumes less power than the conventional CNTFET SRAM cells. The proposed 8 T CNTFET SRAM cell provides greater write and hold modes stability than conventional CNTFET SRAM cells, which is measured by calculating static noise margin (SNM). The performance of CNTFET depends on several parameters like dielectric constant (Kox), oxide thickness (Hox), supply voltage, pitch value, and temperature. The eff ect of these parameters on the power and stability of the conventional and proposedCNTFET SRAM cells are observed. It is noted that the proposed 8 T CNTFET SRAM cell provides good stability during PVT variation and consumes less power than conventional 6 T and 8 T CNTFET SRAM cells. The performance metrics of the proposed 8 T CNTFET SRAM are observed for both pre-layout and post-layout simulations. All the simulations are performed using the Stanford University 32 nm CNTFET model with the HSPICE simulation tool.
Elangovan P.,Nalin Kant Mohanty 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.1
An active front end (AFE) is required for a three-phase induction motor (IM) fed by a voltage source inverter (VSI), because of the increasing need to derive quality current from the utility end without sacrificing the power factor (PF). This study investigates a proportional-plus-integral (PI) controller based AFE topology that uses a super-lift converter (SLC). The significance of the proposed SLC, which converts rectified AC supply to geometrically proceed ripple-free DC supply, is explained. Variations in several power quality parameters in the intended IM drive for 0% and 100% loading conditions are demonstrated. A simulation is conducted by using MATLAB/Simulink software, and a prototype is built with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) Spartan-6 processor. Simulation results are correlated with the experimental results obtained from a 0.5 HP IM drive prototype with speed feedback and a voltage/frequency (V/f) control strategy. The proposed AFE topology using SLC is suitable for three-phase IM drives, considering the supply end PF, the DC-link voltage and current, the total harmonic distortion (THD) in supply current, and the speed response of IM.
Effect of Feeding High Glucosinolate Rapeseed Meal to Laying Japanese Quail
Elangovan, A.V.,Verma, S.V.S.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Singh, S.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.9
The laying performance of Japanese quails fed graded levels of high glucosinolate ($92.5{\mu}mole/g$) rapeseed meal (RSM) was assessed. One hundred and twenty Japanese quails aged 1 day-old were assigned at random to four dietary treatments consisting of 0, 50, 75 or 100 g/kg RSM in the diet replacing part of the soybean meal and de-oiled rice bran in a standard quail ration. 12 female representative quails from each diet were selected at random and housed in individual cages from 7-20 wk of age. The egg production, feed intake and FCR was comparable among the different dietary groups. The egg quality characteristics, organoleptic evaluation of boiled eggs as well as the haematological (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count) and biochemical (glucose, protein, cholesterol, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase) constituents did not differ significantly among the groups. The gross and histopathological studies of vital organs did not reveal any appreciable changes. The feed cost was reduced by the incorporation of RSM in the diet, but only the production cost of quails fed the 75 g/kg RSM was lower in comparison to other groups. In the present study, the laying potential of Japanese quail was well-maintained up to the 100g/kg dietary level of rapeseed meal.
Elangovan, A.V.,Verma, S.V.S.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Singh, S.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.9
The present study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of feeding neem kernel meal (NKM) containing diet to growing Japanese quails, which was incorporated into a standard quail diet at 0, 50, 75 or 100 g/kg in place of soyabean meal and deoiled rice bran. Each diet was offered to 30 quail chicks housed in battery cages from day one to five weeks of age. The chicks fed NKM diets gained 123.3, 122.6 and 121.6 g mean body weight, respectively, and which were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of 129.9 g gained by those of birds fed the control diets. The feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds in different dietary groups were not significantly altered due to dietary variations. Mean values for retention of dietary energy, N and Ca were found to insignificantly differ (p>0.05) among the treatment groups but P retention was significantly (p<0.01) lower for quails fed 100 g/kg NKM than those in other groups. Blood biochemical constituents, carcass characteristics and organoleptic test for meat also were not found to vary significantly (p>0.05) due to dietary treatments. The histopathology of liver and kidney tissues from NKM fed quails revealed mild degenerative changes. It could be concluded that inclusion of NKM in quail diet reduced the growth besides inducing mild pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues.
Elangovan, A.V.,Mandal, A.B.,Johri, T.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
An effort was made to assess comparative production performance in broiler chickens fed diets containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) processed from BT and Parental Non-BT lines. Processed meal of national check and commercial produce cottonseeds were also used for comparison. The free gossypol contents were 0.02, 0.02, 0.44 and 0.03% in meals of BT, Parental Non-BT, national check and commercial produce cottonseeds, respectively. Day-old broiler chicks (n=243) were divided to 27 groups of 9 each. Nine dietary treatments (iso-nitrogenous, 23% CP and iso-caloric, 2,800 kcal ME/kg) were formulated viz., D1 (control, soybean meal-SBM based), D2 and D3 (BT CSM at 10% of diet with and without additional iron), D4 and D5 (non-BT CSM with and without additional iron), D6 and D7 (national check CSM with or without additional iron), and D8 and D9 (commercial produce CSM with or without additional iron at 2 ppm for every 1 ppm of free gossypol, respectively). Each dietary treatment was offered to three replicated groups up to 6 weeks of age. At the end of 6 weeks of age, 10 birds were taken out randomly from each treatment and were sacrificed to study carcass traits, organs' yield and histo-pathological changes in vital organs. The broiler chickens received CSM processed from BT (D2, 1,753 g and D3, 1,638 g) and Parental Non-BT (D4, 1,653 g and D5, 1,687 g) with or without additional Fe grew at same rate as observed in soybean meal (solvent ext.) based diet (D1, 1,676 g). The feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (feed: gain) in these dietary treatments (BT, non-BT line based diets) also did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from control diet. Similar observation was also observed in dietary treatments (D8 and D9) containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal of commercial produce origin. However, a decrease (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed intake was observed in D6 containing national check CSM with high gossypol content. Addition of Fe in the diet (D7) improved (p<0.05) feed intake and weight gain but not to the extent as observed in diets containing BT, parental non-BT, and commercial produce CSM or control. However, any type of CSM did not affect feed conversion efficiency when fed with or without additional iron. The carcass characteristics in terms of dressing percentage, liver weight and heart weight was not significantly (p>0.05) different between the treatments. The eviscerated yields emanated from diets containing either BT, non-BT or commercial produce were statistically similar to control. However, eviscerated yield of broilers fed national check CSM with or without iron supplementation was lower (p<0.05) than BT cotton with Fe supplementation and commercial produce CSM. The study envisaged that BT, parental non-BT and commercial produce solvent extracted cottonseed meal can be included at 10% in soybean meal based broiler diet replacing soybean meal and rice bran without additional iron.
Response of Growing and Laying Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) to Dietary Sunflower Seed Meal
Elangovan, A.V.,Verma, S.V.S.,SastrySastry, V.R.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.12
High fibre (CF, 242 g/kg) sunflower seed meal (SSM) was incorporated in standard grower and layer quail diets at 0, 50, 75 or 100 g/kg replacing part of the soybean meal (SBM) and deoiled rice bran (DORB). Each grower diet was offered to 30 quails housed in battery cages from day one to 5 weeks of age. At the end of the growing period, Twelve female quails from each of the four respective dietary groups were transferred to the individual laying cages and their laying performance from 7 to 20 weeks of age were evaluated on diets containing SSM at similar levels as that during the growing period. The results of growth bioassay revealed that the live weight gain, feed intake, nutrient retention and carcass characteristics of quails in different dietary groups did not vary significantly (p>0.05), although the quails fed SSM based diets utilized the feed less (p<0.05) efficiently than those fed the control diet. During the laying period, the egg production and egg quality traits remained unaffected due to dietary treatments but feed required per unit egg production increased (p<0.05) as the level of SSM in diet was increased to 100 g/kg. Although, the cost of feed per kg decreased due to the incorporation of SSM in diet but the same was not reflected in feed cost per unit gain, meat or egg production as such parameters were comparable on all the diets. It could thus be concluded that the SSM can be incorporated in quail diets upto 100 g/kg for part of SBM, an item usually expensive and also in short supply in developing countries including India.