Chitosan Based Nanocarriers for Indomethacin Ocular Delivery

Badawi, Alia A.,El-Laithy, Hanan M.,Qidra, Riad K. El,Mofty, Hala El,Dally, Mohamed El 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.8

Two different chitosan (CS) nanocarriers namely nanoparticles and nanoemulsion were developed to prolong Indomethacin (IM) precorneal residence time and to improve its ocular bioavailability the main limitations in its management of post-operative inflammation and intraocular irritation after cataract extraction. CS-nanoparticles were developed by modified ionic gelation of CS with tripolyphosphate while nanoemulsion was prepared by spontaneous emulsification technique. Transmission electron microscopy revealed regular well-identified spherical shape. The nanoparticles had a mean size of 280 nm, a zeta potential of + 17 mV and high loading efficiency of 84.8 % while the mean size of nanoemulsion was affected by the nature of the surfactant used and varies between 220-690 nm. In vitro release studies, performed under sink conditions, revealed small initial burst release during the first hour followed by slow gradual drug release of 76 and 86% from nanoparticles and nanoemulsion respectively during a 24 h peroid. In vivo studies and histopathological examination revealed that eyes of rabbits treated with nanoemulsion showed clearer healing of corneal chemical ulcer with moderate effective inhibition of polymorph nuclear leuckocytic infiltration (PMNLs) compared with nanoparticles preparation. Moreover, following topical instillation of CS-nanoemulsion to rabbits, it was possible to achieve therapeutic concentration of IM in the cornea through out the duration of the study and fairly high IM level in inner ocular structure, aqueous humor. These levels were significantly higher than those obtained following instillation of IM solution. Therefore, CS nanocarriers developed in this study were able to contact intimately with the cornea providing slow gradual IM release with long-term drug level thereby increasing delivery to both external and internal ocular tissues.

Protective and health-promoting impact of Washingtonia filifera oil on the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic mice

El-Beeh Mohamed E.,El-Badawi Ashraf A.,Qari Sameer H.,Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy,Filfilan Wessam M. 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.3

Diabetes kidney damage (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney induced with continuous hyperglycemia as the most prevalent consequence of diabetes. Washingtonia filifera seed oil (WFO) was used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases in ancient Saudi. This work was carried out to investigate the potential protective impact of WFO against DKD on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice (C57BL/6 mice). The mice were randomly split into groups: C, C + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.), T2D, and T2D + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.). Diabetes was created in mice groups except for the control group after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Treatments with STZ (60 mg/ kg body weight) were administered three times for 6 weeks, and after that, mice were sacrificed. Kidney tissues and serum were obtained to analyze levels of insulin, metabolism of lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acids (FFA)], antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], creatine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, H&E staining had been used to investigate the histological changes of the kidneys. In T2D mice, WFO corrected aberrant serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and FFA), elevated antioxidative enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and inhibited GST to various degrees. In addition, WFO improves kidney pathological traits such as fibrosis of the kidney, hypertrophy of glomeruli, and basement membrane thickness of glomeruli. Through hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions, WFO might ameliorate diabetic alterations in T2D mice. WFO could significantly reduce AGE buildup in the T2D mice kidneys, therefore alleviating kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory kidney damage. Diabetes kidney damage (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney induced with continuous hyperglycemia as the most prevalent consequence of diabetes. Washingtonia filifera seed oil (WFO) was used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases in ancient Saudi. This work was carried out to investigate the potential protective impact of WFO against DKD on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice (C57BL/6 mice). The mice were randomly split into groups: C, C + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.), T2D, and T2D + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.). Diabetes was created in mice groups except for the control group after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Treatments with STZ (60 mg/kg body weight) were administered three times for 6 weeks, and after that, mice were sacrificed. Kidney tissues and serum were obtained to analyze levels of insulin, metabolism of lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acids (FFA)], antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], creatine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, H&E staining had been used to investigate the histological changes of the kidneys. In T2D mice, WFO corrected aberrant serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and FFA), elevated antioxidative enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and inhibited GST to various degrees. In addition, WFO improves kidney pathological traits such as fibrosis of the kidney, hypertrophy of glomeruli, and basement membrane thickness of glomeruli. Through hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions, WFO might ameliorate diabetic alterations in T2D mice. WFO could significantly reduce AGE buildup in the T2D mice kidneys, therefore alleviating kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory kidney damage.

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF THE SELF-ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT ON γ-RAY DETECTOR EFFICIENCY CALCULATED AT LOW AND HIGH ENERGY REGIONS

El-Khatib, Ahmed M.,Thabet, Abouzeid A.,Elzaher, Mohamed A.,Badawi, Mohamed S.,Salem, Bohaysa A. Korean Nuclear Society 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.2

The present work used the efficiency transfer method used to calculate the full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) curves of the (2"*2" & 3"*3") NaI (Tl) detectors based on the effective solid angle subtended between the source and the detector. The study covered the effect of the self attenuation coefficient of the source matrix (with a radius greater than the detector's radius) on the detector efficiency. $^{152}$ An Eu aqueous radioactive source covering the energy range from 121.78 keV up to 1408.01 keV was used. In this study an empirical formula was deduced to calculate the difference between the measured and the calculated efficiencies [without self attenuation] at low and high energy regions. A proper balance between the measured and calculated efficiencies [with self attenuation] was achieved with discrepancies less than 3%, while reaching 39% for calculating values [without self attenuation] due to working with large sources, or for low photon energies.

Study on the Effect of the Self-Attenuation Coefficient on γ-ray Detector Efficiency Calculated at Low and High Energy Regions

Ahmed. M. El-Khatib,ABOUZEID. A. THABET,MOHAMED. A. ELZAHER,MOHAMED. S. BADAWI,BOHAYSA. A. SALEM 한국원자력학회 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.2

The present work used the efficiency transfer method used to calculate the full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) curves ofthe (2"*2" & 3"*3") NaI (Tl) detectors based on the effective solid angle subtended between the source and the detector. Thestudy covered the effect of the self attenuation coefficient of the source matrix (with a radius greater than the detector's radius)on the detector efficiency. 152 An Eu aqueous radioactive source covering the energy range from 121.78 keV up to 1408.01keV was used. In this study an empirical formula was deduced to calculate the difference between the measured and thecalculated efficiencies [without self attenuation] at low and high energy regions. A proper balance between the measured andcalculated efficiencies [with self attenuation] was achieved with discrepancies less than 3%, while reaching 39% forcalculating values [without self attenuation] due to working with large sources, or for low photon energies.

Synthesis, Fastness and Spectral Properties of Some New Azo Pyrazole and Pyrazolotriazole Derivatives

Rizk, Hala F.,El-Badawi, Mahmoud A.,Ibrahim, Seham A.,El-Borai, Mohamed A. Korean Chemical Society 2010 대한화학회지 Vol.54 No.6

Coupling of 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-pyrazoles 1a-c with diazonium salts of different aryl amines gave a series of novel 1,3-diaryl-5-amino-4-arylazopyrazoles 3a-l. Such compounds could be also obtained by reaction of 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-4-nitroso- 1H-pyrazoles 2a-c with different aryl amines in alkaline medium. Oxidation of azo derivatives 3a-l with cupric acetate, in dimethyl formamide and stream of air, gave 2,4,6-triaryl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo [4,3-d]-1,2,3-triazoles 4a-l. and the fluorescence properties of the cyclic triazoles were studied. Diazotization of 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazoles 1a-c by sodium nitrite in ortho-phosphoric acid followed by coupling with some aryl amines gave o-aminoazo compounds 5a-f. Cyclisation of compounds 5a-f in pyridine and cupric acetate gave the corresponding triazoles 6a-f. The coupling of compounds 6a-f with different aryl diazonium salts gave compounds 7a-j. The synthesized dyes were applied to polyesters as disperse dyes and the fastness properties were evaluated. 5-Amino-1,3-diaryl-pyrazoles 1a-c 와 다양한 aryl amine의diazonium salts를 반응시켜서 1,3-diaryl-5-amino-4-arylazopyrazoles 3a-l을 합성하였으며, 몇 가지 화합물은 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-4-nitroso-1H-pyrazoles 2a-c와 aryl amine의 diazonium salts를 반응시켜서 얻었다. 합성한 azo 유도체 화합물 3a-l을 DMF 용매 속에서 cupric acetate와 산화반응시켜서 2,4,6-triaryl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo [4,3-d]-1,2,3-triazoles 4a-l을 합성하였으며, 합성한 cyclic triazoles에 대한 형광 특성을 측정하였다. 한편, Diazotization of sodium nitrite/ortho-phosphoric acid 조건에서 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazoles 1a-c를 diazotization화 반응시킨 다음에, aryl amines과 반응시켜서 o-aminoazo compounds 5a-f를 합성하였다. 합성한 화합물 5a-f를 pyridine/cupric acetate 반응 조건에서 반응시켜서 triazole 6a-f들을 합성하였으며, 얻어진 화합물 6a-f을 aryl diazonium salts과 반응시켜서 화합물 7a-j을 합성하였다. 합성한 염료 화합물을 polyesters에 분산염료와 정착성을 측정하였다.

Highway Sustainability Factors: Holistic and Social Network Analyses

Mohamed O. Rageh,Alaa R. Gabr,Sherif M. El-Badawy,Emad E. Elbeltagi 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.11

This study provides a holistic list of factors that affect highway sustainability (HWS) and determines the most significant factors throughout the triple-bottom-line of sustainability. Previous studies analyzed many factors related to sustainability performance in highway projects during their life cycle, whereas the social sustainability aspects were commonly ignored. In addition, there is imperative to consider the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of highway projects in local and global future visions. On the other hand, the infrastructure rating systems specified different thresholds to achieve sustainable highways. Thus, this study analyzed published articles, SDGs, and infrastructure rating systems to extract the most important factors affecting HWS. A content analysis was conducted to specify the most relevant publications in HWS, which are strongly related to the research keywords. According to the content analysis, 150 articles out of 6,422 were selected for further investigation. Social Network Analysis (SNA) analyzed and ranked 224 factors that were extracted from the aforementioned sources to determine the factors of utmost importance. We found that 78 factors out of 224 are of paramount influence on HWS. Finally, the evaluation of the most widely used infrastructure rating systems revealed a shortage in the common factors affecting the HWS.