Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide

Choi, E.Y.,Lee, S.S.,Hyeon, J.Y.,Choe, S.H.,Keum, B.R.,Lim, J.M.,Park, D.C.,Choi, I.S.,Cho, K.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.11

This research analyzed the effect of ${\beta}$-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in macrophagocytes, which are processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS, the ${\beta}$-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. ${\beta}$-Glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells that were stimulated by E. coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of ${\beta}$-glucan. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the ${\beta}$-glucan, and the inhibitory ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, ${\beta}$-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) that was induced by the E. coli LPS. Overall, the ${\beta}$-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocytes that was vitalized by the E. coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host immune response control by ${\beta}$-glucan weakens the progress of the inflammatory disease, ${\beta}$-glucan can be used as an effective immunomodulator.

간호대생들의 임상실습 스트레스, 학업적 자기효능감 및 진로정체감에 대한 연구

최유빈,최민지,이은형,이연우,우소연,하희주,허예지,박수현,허미래,이가현 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2015 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.49

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical practice stress, academic self-efficacy, and career identity among undergraduate students in nursing practicum. Method: This study was a descriptive correlational design using the survey method. The study included 267 undergraduate students attending to 5 college in Seoul. The data was gathered from August 2014 to October 2014 and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0 Program with descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Situational characteristics of Clinical Practice Stress(CPP) was significantly different with regards to task difficulties and efficacy self-confidence of academic self-efficacy(ASE) (r= .179, p= .003; r= .166, p= .006). Statistically significant positive relationship was founded between Personal characteristics of CPP and self-confidence of ASE (r= .239, p< .01). External regulators of CPP was significantly different according to self-confidence and task difficulties (r= .175, p= .003; r= .132, p= .028). The self-confidence and efficacy for self-confidence of ASE were a significantly correlated with Career Identity; The Career identity also was a significantly correlated with all sub-categories of CSS scale(r= -0.208, p< 0.01; r= -0.369, p< 0.01; r= -0.153, p< .011) Conclusion: This study showed positive statistical relationships associated with clinical practice stress, academic self-efficacy, and career identity as a preliminary evidence-based study for guiding education in nursing curriculum. Further research should be need for students’ future as a professional nurse.

Human salivary proteins with affinity to lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus faecalis

Baik, J.E.,Choe, H.I.,Hong, S.W.,Kang, S.S.,Ahn, K.B.,Cho, K.,Yun, C.H.,Han, S.H. Pergamon Press 2016 Molecular immunology Vol.77 No.-

<P>Enterococcus faecalis is associated with refractory apical periodontitis and its lipoteichoic acid (Ef.LTA) is considered as a major virulence factor. Although the binding proteins of Ef.LTA may play an important role for mediating infection and immunity in the oral cavity, little is known about Ef.LTA-binding proteins (Ef.LTA-BPs) in saliva. In this study, we identified salivary Ef.LTA-BPs with biotinylated Ef.LTA (Ef.LTA-biotin) through mass spectrometry. The biotinylation of Ef.LTA was confirmed by binding capacity with streptavidin-FITC on CHO/CD14/TLR2 cells. The biological activity of Ef.LTA-biotin was determined based on the induction of nitric oxide and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in a macrophage cell-line, RAW 264.7. To identify salivary Ef.LTA-BPs, the Ef.LTA-biotin was mixed with a pool of human saliva obtained from nine healthy subjects followed by precipitation with a streptavidin-coated bead. Ef.LTA-BPs were then separated with 12% SDS-PAGE and subjected to the mass spectrometry. Six human salivary Ef.LTABPs including short palate lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 2, zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B, hemoglobin subunit alpha and beta, apolipoprotein A-I, and lipocalin-1 were identified with statistical significance (P<0.05). Ef.LTA-BPs were validated with lipocalin-1 using pull-down assay. Hemoglobin inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis whereas lipocalin-1 did not show such effect. Collectively, the identified Ef.LTA-BPs could provide clues for our understanding of the pathogenesis of E. faecalis and host immunity in oral cavity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from grazing cattle in Korea

Kang, S.W.,Doan, H.T.T.,Choe, S.E.,Noh, J.H.,Yoo, M.S.,Reddy, K.E.,Kim, Y.H.,Kweon, C.H.,Jung, S.C.,Chang, K.Y. Elsevier 2013 Parasitology international Vol.62 No.3

This study was carried out to identify the tick species that infest grazing cattle and to determine the presence of tick-borne pathogens transmitted by these ticks in Korea. A total of 903 ticks (categorized into 566 tick pools) were collected from five provinces during 2010-2011. The most prevalent tick species was Haemaphysalis longicornis, followed by three Ixodes spp. ticks. The collected ticks were infected with both rickettsial and protozoan pathogens. In all, 469 (82.9%) tick pools tested positive for the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia 16S rRNA gene, whereas 67 (11.8%) were positive for the Babesia/Theileria 18S rRNA gene. Among the rickettsial pathogens, E. canis was detected with the highest rate (22.3%), followed by A. platys (20%), E. chaffeensis (19.4%), E. ewingii (19.3%), Rickettsia sp. (12.4%), A. phagocytophilum (5.5%) and E. muris (0.5%). Among the protozoan pathogens, T. equi was detected with the highest rate (7.2%), followed by T. sergenti/T. buffeli (3.7%) and B. caballi (0.35%). Simultaneous infections with up to seven pathogens were also identified. In particular, ticks infected with rickettsial pathogens were also infected with protozoan pathogens (22 samples). All five provinces investigated infected with tick-borne pathogens.

산부인과 영역에서 Emazon^(�)의 진통 소염효과에 관한 연구

최은봉,최동수,목정은 최신의학사 1986 最新醫學 Vol.29 No.10

PWM 컨버터 제어기 이득의 해석적 설계

고재석,조준석,강병희,최규하,곽철훈,정석언 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2001 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.26 No.-

Comparing with diode or thyristor bridge AC/DC converter, It is known that the 3 phase PWM converter has some merits of low THD and unit power factor. In many application such as UPS, it has been a trend to use PWM converter The study on 3 phase PWM converter has already been widely made. However analytical design can not be found from the publications on hardware and controller design. In this paper, the review on analysis of 3 phase PWM converter was made. Through the DC analysis the design of system parameter was made . Through the AC model the voltage and current controller was designed. The gain of controllers was also calculated by analytical method.

토끼의 위장관 점막에 출현하는 장크롬친화세포에 대한 형태학적 연구

김문자,유진영,윤은경,최신영,홍영미 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1977 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.9

The distribution, type and staining characteristics of the enterochromaffin cells in the epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbits were observed by light microscopy. 1. The number of the EC cells in the 3.5mm breadth of the mucosa was most numerous in the region of duodenal papilla (133.2±30.4 (41.5%)), 76.6±20.6 (24.8%) in the stomach body, 50.0±18.8 (15.5%) in the jejunum, 32.8±12.6 (10.5%) in the ascending colon and 21.6±9.6 (6.9%) in the near portion of the duodenal papilla. 2. The cells in the stomach body were mostly oval or cylindrical. The cells in the villi of the duodenum, duodenal papilla and jejum were tall cylindrical or spindle in shape but were low cylindrical or spindle in the glands of that region. The EC cells in the colon were tall cylindrical or spindle on the surface of the epitheluim and low cylindrical in the glands. 3. The EC cells were appeared in yellowish-orange by Hematoxylin-eosin stain and the secretory granules in the cytoplasm if the EC cells after chromication were brownish black by Masson-Hamperl's silver staining.

한국에서 유행하는 �냑鵝뵉퓌竄叢�관한 혈청역학적 연구

오대규,심재철,백승복,최강원,정의범,정태화,장우현,윤형희,오희복 대한감염학회 1987 감염 Vol.19 No.4

A seroepidemiological survey was performed to estimate the prevalence of leptospirosis in Korean population. The study population consisted of 967 randomly selected people from 17 counties out of 5 provinces. Macroscopic slide agglutination test was used for serology of leptospirosis. 117 sera out of 967 were positive (11.7%) for leptospirosis. Kang Won Province showed highest positive rate (17.1%), followed by Kyunggi (16.2%), Chung Book (10.2%), Kyung Book (6.2%), Chun Nam Province (2.2%), Hoeng Sung County showed highest prevalence rate (26.2%) and Chang Sung County Showed lowest prevalence (0%). There was no difference in prevalence rate between male and female. But older people (41∼60 years) showed higher prevalence rate than the younger people (21∼30 years). Some activities, including weeding in the field or grave and working barefoot in the rice field were associated with higher prevalence. History of recent flu-like symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis (chill, headache, cough, walking difficulty, dyspnea, diarrhea, conjunctival suffusion) was more common in antibody positive group. Leptospirosis is wide spread infection throughout Korea, though considerable variance in prevalence rate was noted.

한국인 CCR5 유전자에서의 돌연변이 빈도

오명돈,김성순,김은영,이선희,김남정,박근용,김유석,김소마,김태규,최강원,이주실 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Estimation of Pork Quality Traits Using Exsanguination Blood and Postmortem Muscle Metabolites

J.H. Choe,M.H. Choi,류연철,고광웅,최영민,S.H. Lee,K.S. Lim,E.A. Lee,J.H. Kang,홍기창,B.C. Kim 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6

The current study was designed to estimate the pork quality traits using metabolites from exsanguination blood and postmortem muscle simultaneously under the Korean standard pre- and post-slaughter conditions. A total of 111 Yorkshire (pure breed and castrated male) pigs were evaluated under the Korean standard conditions. Measurements were taken of the levels of blood glucose and lactate at exsanguination, and muscle glycogen and lactate content at 45 min and 24 h postmortem. Certain pork quality traits were also evaluated. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis including stepwise regression were performed. Exsanguination blood glucose and lactate levels were positively correlated with each other, negatively related to postmortem muscle glycogen content and positively associated with postmortem muscle lactate content. A rapid and extended postmortem glycolysis was associated with high levels of blood glucose and lactate, with high muscle lactate content, and with low muscle glycogen content during postmortem. In addition, these were also correlated with paler meat color and reduced water holding capacity. The results of multiple regression analyses also showed that metabolites in exsanguination blood and postmortem muscle explained variations in pork quality traits. Especially, levels of blood glucose and lactate and content of muscle glycogen at early postmortem were significantly associated with an elevated early glycolytic rate. Furthermore, muscle lactate content at 24 h postmortem alone accounted for a considerable portion of the variation in pork quality traits. Based on these results, the current study confirmed that the main factor influencing pork quality traits is the ultimate lactate content in muscle via postmortem glycolysis, and that levels of blood glucose and lactate at exsanguination and contents of muscle glycogen and lactate at postmortem can explain a large portion of the variation in pork quality even under the standard slaughter conditions.