A novel barium oxide-based Iraqi sand glass to attenuate the low gamma-ray energies: Fabrication, mechanical, and radiation protection capacity evaluation

Al-Saeedi F.H.F.,Sayyed M.I.,Kapustin F.L.,Al-Ghamdi Hanan,Kolobkova E.V.,Tashlykov O.L.,Almuqrin Aljawhara H.,Mahmoud K.A. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.8

In the present work, untreated Iraqi sand with grain sizes varied between 100 and 200 mm was used to produce a colored glass sample that has shielding features against the low gamma-ray energy. Therefore, a weight of 70e60 wt % sand was mixed with 9e14 wt% B2O3, 8e10 wt% Na2O, 4e6 wt% of CaO, 3e6 wt% Al2O3, in addition to 0.3% of Co2O3. After melting and annealing the glass sample, the X-ray diffraction spectrometry was applied to affirm the amorphous phase of the fabricated glass samples. Moreover, the X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry was used to measure the chemical composition, and the MH-300A densimeter was applied to measure the fabricated sample's density. The Makishima-Makinzie model was applied to predict the mechanical properties of the fabricated glass. Besides, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the fabricated glass sample's radiation shielding capacity in the low-energy region between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Therefore, the simulated linear attenuation coefficient changed between 10.725 and 0.484 cm1 , raising the gamma-ray energy between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Also, other shielding parameters such as a half-value layer, pure lead equivalent thickness, and buildup factors were calculated

The SAURON project – XIX. Optical and near‐infrared scaling relations of nearby elliptical, lenticular and Sa galaxies

Falcó,n‐,Barroso, J.,van de Ven, G.,Peletier, R. F.,Bureau, M.,Jeong, H.,Bacon, R.,Cappellari, M.,Davies, R. L.,de Zeeuw, P. T.,Emsellem, E.,Krajnović,, D.,Kuntschner, H.,McDermid, R. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.417 No.3

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We present ground‐based MDM Observatory <I>V</I>‐band and <I>Spitzer</I>/InfraRed Array Camera 3.6‐<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_19372_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/>m‐band photometric observations of the 72 representative galaxies of the SAURON survey. Galaxies in our sample probe the elliptical E, lenticular S0 and spiral Sa populations in the nearby Universe, both in field and cluster environments. We perform aperture photometry to derive homogeneous structural quantities. In combination with the SAURON stellar velocity dispersion measured within an effective radius (σ<SUB>e</SUB>), this allows us to explore the location of our galaxies in the colour–magnitude, colour–σ<SUB>e</SUB>, Kormendy, Faber–Jackson and Fundamental Plane scaling relations. We investigate the dependence of these relations on our recent kinematical classification of early‐type galaxies (i.e. slow/fast rotators) and the stellar populations. Slow rotator and fast rotator E/S0 galaxies do not populate distinct locations in the scaling relations, although slow rotators display a smaller intrinsic scatter. We find that Sa galaxies deviate from the colour–magnitude and colour–σ<SUB>e</SUB> relations due to the presence of dust, while the E/S0 galaxies define tight relations. Surprisingly, extremely young objects do not display the bluest (<I>V</I>−[3.6]) colours in our sample, as is usually the case in optical colours. This can be understood in the context of the large contribution of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars to the infrared, even for young populations, resulting in a very tight (<I>V</I>−[3.6])–σ<SUB>e</SUB> relation that in turn allows us to define a strong correlation between metallicity and σ<SUB>e</SUB>. Many Sa galaxies appear to follow the Fundamental Plane defined by E/S0 galaxies. Galaxies that appear offset from the relations correspond mostly to objects with extremely young populations, with signs of ongoing, extended star formation. We correct for this effect in the Fundamental Plane, by replacing luminosity with stellar mass using an estimate of the stellar mass‐to‐light ratio, so that all galaxies are part of a tight, single relation. The new estimated coefficients are consistent in both photometric bands and suggest that differences in stellar populations account for about half of the observed tilt with respect to the virial prediction. After these corrections, the slow rotator family shows almost no intrinsic scatter around the best‐fitting Fundamental Plane. The use of a velocity dispersion within a small aperture (e.g. <I>R</I><SUB>e</SUB>/8) in the Fundamental Plane results in an increase of around 15 per cent in the intrinsic scatter and an average 10 per cent decrease in the tilt away from the virial relation.</P>

Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, <i>Grapholita molesta</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Knight, A.L.,Barros-Parada, W.,Bosch, D.,Escudero-Colomar, L.A.,Fuentes-Contreras, E.,Herná,ndez-Sá,nchez, J.,Yung, C.,Kim, Y.,Kovanci, O.B.,Levi, A.,Lo, P.,Molinari, F.,Valls, J.,Gemeno, Cambridge University Press 2015 Bulletin of entomological research Vol.105 No.1

<B>Abstract</B><P>The response of <I>Grapholita molesta</I> (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (<I>Z</I>)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (<I>Z</I>)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (<I>E</I>)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% <I>E</I>-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% <I>E</I>-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% <I>E</I>-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% <I>E-</I>blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% <I>E-</I>blend, and the 30.4>100.1% <I>E-</I>blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% <I>E</I>-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive <I>E-</I>blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.</P>

The Effect of Level of Crude Protein and Available Lysine on Finishing Pig Performance, Nitrogen Balance and Nutrient Digestibility

Ball, M.E.E.,Magowan, E.,McCracken, K.J.,Beattie, V.E.,Bradford, R.,Gordon, F.J.,Robinson, M.J.,Smyth, S.,Henry, W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.4

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of decreasing the crude protein (CP) content of diets for finishing pigs containing two levels of available lysine on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance and production performance. Ten finishing diets containing five levels of CP (on average 144, 155, 168, 182 and 193 g/kg fresh basis) and two levels of available lysine (6.9 and 8.2 g/kg fresh basis) were formulated. The diets were offered to pigs on a performance trial (n = 800 Large White (LW)${\times}$Landrace (LR) pigs) from 10 wk of age until finish at 21 wks+5 d of age. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. In addition, a digestibility/N balance trial was conducted using pigs (n = 80 $LW{\times}LR$) housed in metabolism crates. Digestibility of dry matter (DM), CP, oil, fibre and energy was determined. N balance values were determined through analysis of N content of urine and faeces ('as determined'). N balance values were also calculated using ADG values and assuming that 16% of growth is protein deposition ("as calculated"). Pig performance was poor between 10 and 13 wk of age which indicated that the dietary treatments were nutritionally inadequate for pigs less than 40 kg. There was a significant (p<0.01) quadratic effect of increasing CP level on feed intake, ADG and FCR from 10 to 13 wk which indicated that the lower CP levels did not supply adequate levels of essential or non-essential amino acids. There was no effect of increasing available lysine level throughout the early period, which in conjunction with the response in older pigs, suggested that both 8.2 and 6.9 g/kg available lysine were insufficient to drive optimum growth. There was a positive response (p<0.05) to increasing available lysine level from 13 wk to finish which indicated that 6.9 g/kg available lysine was not adequate for finishing pigs. Energy digestibility decreased with decreasing CP level of diets containing 6.9 g/kg available lysine which may be attributed to the higher fibre content of the lower CP diets. Nitrogen excretion (g/d) was lowered when dietary CP was reduced regardless of whether the values were determined through balance or calculated using ADG. Calculated N excretion decreased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.001) with decreasing dietary CP content. When the N balance figures calculated in this study were compared with those quoted in the Northern Ireland and English Nitrates Directive Action Programmes, N excretion was less per pig (wean to finish) offered a 169 g/kg CP, 8.2 g/kg available lysine diet (2.39 kg vs 3.41 kg (Northern Ireland) and 2.93 kg (England)).

Effects of Three Feeding Systems on Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Digesta Particle Structure of Beef Cattle

Liu, Y.F.,Sun, F.F.,Wan, F.C.,Zhao, H.B.,Liu, X.M.,You, W.,Cheng, H.J.,Liu, G.F.,Tan, X.W.,Song, E.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5

The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight ($575{\pm}10kg$) in a 80-d experiment. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1 group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). Consumption per kg weight gain of concentrate, silage, and combined net energy (NEmf) were significantly decreased when cattle received TMR, unlike when they received SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05), indicating that the feed efficiency of TMR was the highest. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased when cattle received TMR compared with that in cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference compared with that in cattle receiving SI2. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). The rumen area of cattle that received TMR was significantly larger than that of cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), but there was no difference compared with that of cattle receiving SI2. Although there was no significant difference among the three feeding systems in rumen digesta particle distribution, the TMR group trended to have fewer large- and medium-sized particles and more small-sized particles than those in the SI1 and SI2 groups. In conclusion, cattle with dietary TMR showed increased weight gain and ruminal development and decreased BUN. This indicated that TMR feeding was more conducive toward improving the production performance and rumen fermentation of beef cattle.

在大学支持对创业意图,危险承受力,自我效能感影响关系中 : 导师制度中介效果研究

王志成 · 康e1c;f1f; · 李坤 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2017 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.32 No.1

최근 중국의 대학들에서도 창업에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 그러한 배경에는 심 화되고 있는 대학생의 취업난도 하나의 이유로 작용하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 중국 남경심계대학교, 서북대학교, 황산대학교,남경항공 대학교 대학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 대학의 창업관련 지원이 중국대 학생들의 창업 관련된 태도나 행위 즉 창업의도, 위험회피, 자기효능감에 미치는 영향 을 실증연구를 통해서 구명하려는 목적을 지니고 있다. 대학의 창업 지원이 창업의지, 워럼감수성향, 자기효능감에 미치는 과정에서 멘토링의 매개효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 실증조사의 결과는 첫째, 대학의 창업지원(비스니스 개발 지원,컨셉트 개발 지원,교 육지원 )은 멘토링과 상관관계 관련되었다. 둘째, 멘토링은 창업지원과 창업의지,위험 감수성향, 자기 효능감간의 관계를 매개하였다. 본 연구결과는 중국 대학생의 창업을 촉진하기 위해서 대학생의 창업지원의 개선 이중요 하다는 점을 시사해주고 있다. 멘토링제도의 정립과 효과적 운용이 필수적이 라는 실천적 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 주제어: 대학 창업지원 제도, 멘토링, 자기 효능감, 위험 회피, 창업의도, 중국 The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the impact of university support on entrepreneurial intention. self-efficacy and risk tolerance of university students in China. In this research the university support is conceptualized as three dimensional construct: business development support, concept development, education development. The questionnaire survey was administered to graduates in Chinese universities. The results showed that first, university support has a positive relationship to the mentoring. Second, mentoring also has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention,risk tolerance and self-efficacy. Third, mentoring mediates the relationship between university support and entrepreneurial intention. self-efficacy, risk tolerance. Finally, some practical recommendations for developing university support, formal mentoring and entrepreneurial intention for the graduates who want to create business are suggested. Key words: University support, Mentoring, Entrepreneurial intention, Risk tolerance, Self efficacy, China

High power supercapacitors using polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber paper

Ra, E.J.,Raymundo-Pinero, E.,Lee, Y.H.,Beguin, F. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 Carbon Vol.47 No.13

Porous carbon nanofiber paper has been obtained by one-step carbonization/activation of PAN-based nanofiber paper at temperatures from 700 to 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C in CO<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere. The paper was used as supercapacitor electrode without any binder or percolator. At low temperature, e.g., =<900<SUP>o</SUP>C, nitrogen enriched carbons with a poorly developed specific surface area (S<SUB>BET</SUB>=<400m<SUP>2</SUP>/g) are obtained. In aqueous electrolytes, these carbons withstand high current loads without a noticeable decrease of capacitance, and the normalized capacitance reaches 67μF/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. At 10s time constant, the values of energy and power densities are 3-4 times higher than for activated carbons (AC) presenting higher specific surface area. By carbonization/activation at 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C, subnanometer pores are developed and S<SUB>BET</SUB>=705m<SUP>2</SUP>/g. Despite moderate BET specific surface area, the capacitance reaches values higher than 100F/g in organic electrolyte. At high power densities, the nanofiber paper obtained at 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C outperforms the energy density retention of ACs in organic electrolyte. The high power capability of the carbon nanofiber papers in the two kinds of electrolytes is attributed both to the high intrinsic conductivity of the fibers and to the high diffusion rate of ions in the opened mesopores.

Advanced polymeric materials: Synthesis and analytical application of ion imprinted polymers as selective sorbents for solid phase extraction of metal ions

Shakerian, F.,Kim, K.H.,Kwon, E.,Szulejko, J.E.,Kumar, P.,Dadfarnia, S.,Haji Shabani, A.M. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.83 No.2

<P>Over the past several decades, much progress has been made in the development of ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) with the aid of novel types of tailored polymeric materials (e.g., nanomaterials and hybrid materials). Because of such efforts, IIPs are now widely employed as advanced analytical tools in a variety of sectors (e.g., as sorbents for solid phase extraction of metal ions). Recently, due to the advancement of polymeric materials (PMs), an increased number of studies have been made to expand the practical applicability of IIPs. In this review, the basic theories involved in the polymerization methods of IIPs are described along with their synthesis and diverse fields of applications (e.g., solid phase extraction (SPE), sensors, and membrane separators). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

CYP2W1, CYP4F11 and CYP8A1 Polymorphisms and Interaction of CYP2W1 Genotypes with Risk Factors in Mexican Women with Breast Cancer

Cardenas-Rodriguez, N.,Lara-Padilla, E.,Bandala, C.,Lopez-Cruz, J.,Uscanga-Carmona, C.,Lucio-Monter, P.F.,Floriano-Sanchez, E. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Breast cancer (BCa) is the leading type of cancer in Mexican women. Genetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of P450 system, have been reported in BCa. In this report, and for the first time in the literature, we analyzed the rs3735684 (7021 G>A), rs11553651 (15016 G>T) and rs56195291 (60020 C>G) polymorphisms in the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes in patients with BCa and in healthy Mexican women to identify a potential association between these polymorphisms and BCa risk. Patients and controls were used for polymorphism analysis using an allelic discrimination assay with TaqMan probes and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Links with clinic-pathological characteristics were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard ${\chi}^2$ or Fisher exact test statistic. No significant differences were observed in the distributions of CYP2W1 (OR 8.6, 95%CI 0.43-172.5 P>0.05; OR 2.0, 95%CI 0.76-5.4, P>0.05) and CYP4F11 (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.01-8.4 P>0.05) genotypes between the patients and controls. Only the CYP8A1 CC genotype was detected in patients with BCa and the controls. All polymorphism frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the controls (P>0.05). We found a significant association between BCa risk and smoking, use of oral contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, hyperglycemia, chronic diseases, family history of cancer and menopausal status in the population studied (P<0.05). Tobacco, oral contraceptive or HRT, chronic diseases and obesity or overweight were strongly associated with almost eight, thirty-five, nine and five-fold increased risk for BCa. Tobaco, obesity and hyperglycemia significantly increased the risk of BCa in the patients carrying variant genotypes of CYP2W1 (P<0.05). These results indicate that the CYP2W1 rs3735684, CYP4F11 rs11553651 and CYP8A1 rs56195291 SNPs are not a key risk factor for BCa in Mexican women. This study did not detect an association between the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes polymorphisms and BCa risk in a Mexican population. However, some clinico-pathological risk factors interact with CYP2W1 genotypes and modifies susceptibility to BCa.

Solidification of high level waste using magnesium potassium phosphate compound

Sergey E. Vinokurov,Svetlana A. Kulikova,Boris F. Myasoedov 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.3

Compound samples based on the mineral-like magnesium potassium phosphate matrix MgKPO4 6H2Owere synthesized by solidification of high level waste surrogate. Phase composition and structure ofsynthesized samples were studied by XRD and SEM methods. Compressive strength of the compounds is12 ± 3 MPa. Coefficient of thermal expansion of the samples in the range 250e550 C is(11.6 ± 0.3) 10 6 1/ C, and coefficient of thermal conductivity in the range 20e500 С is 0.5 W/(m K). Differential leaching rate of elements from the compound, g/(cm2 day): Mg - 6.7 10 6, K - 3.0 10 4,P - 1.2 10 4, 137Cs - 4.6 10- 7; 90Sr - 9.6 10 7; 239Pu - 3.7 10 9, 241Am - 9.6 10 10. Leachingmechanism of radionuclides from the samples at the first 1e2 weeks of the leaching test is determinedby dissolution (137Cs), wash off (90Sr) or diffusion (239Pu and 241Am) from the compound surface, andwhen the tests continue to 90e91 days - by surface layer depletion of compound. Since the compositionand physico-chemical properties of the compound after irradiation with an electron beam (absorbeddose of 1 MGy) are constant the radiation resistance of compound was established