Color assessment of resin composite by using cellphone images compared with a spectrophotometer

de Bragança Rafaella Mariana Fontes,Moraes Rafael Ratto,Faria-e-Silva André Luis 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: This study assessed the reliability of digital color measurements using images of resin composite specimens captured with a cellphone. Materials and Methods: The reference color of cylindrical specimens built-up with the use of resin composite (shades A1, A2, A3, and A4) was measured with a portable spectrophotometer (CIELab). Images of the specimens were obtained individually or pairwise (compared shades in the same photograph) under standardized parameters. The color of the specimens was measured in the images using RGB system and converted to CIELab system using image processing software. Whiteness index (WID) and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated for each color measurement method. For the cellphone, the ΔE00 was calculated between the pairs of shades in separate images and in the same image. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Linear regression models were used to predict the reference ΔE00 values of those calculated using color measured in the images. Results: Images captured with the cellphone resulted in different WID values from the spectrophotometer only for shades A3 and A4. No difference to the reference ΔE00 was observed when individual images were used. In general, a similar ranking of ΔE00 among resin composite shades was observed for all methods. Stronger correlation coefficients with the reference ΔE00 were observed using individual than pairwise images. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of cellphone images to measure the color difference seems to be a feasible alternative providing outcomes similar to those obtained with the spectrophotometer.

Search for a very light NMSSM Higgs boson produced in decays of the 125 GeV scalar boson and decaying into τ leptons in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV

Khachatryan, V.,Sirunyan, A. M.,Tumasyan, A.,Adam, W.,Asilar, E.,Bergauer, T.,Brandstetter, J.,Brondolin, E.,Dragicevic, M.,Erö,, J.,Flechl, M.,Friedl, M.,Frü,hwirth, R.,Ghete, V. M.,Hartl, C. Springer-Verlag 2016 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2016 No.1

<P>A search for a very light Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is presented within the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. This search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The signal is defined by the production of either of the two lightest scalars, h(1) or h(2), via gluon-gluon fusion and subsequent decay into a pair of the lightest Higgs bosons, a(1) or h(1). The h(1) or h(2) boson is identified with the observed state at a mass of 125 GeV. The analysis searches for decays of the a(1) (h(1)) states into pairs of tau leptons and covers a mass range for the a(1) (h(1)) boson of 4 to 8 GeV. The search reveals no significant excess in data above standard model background expectations, and an upper limit is set on the signal production cross section times branching fraction as a function of the a(1) (h(1)) boson mass. The 95% confidence level limit ranges from 4.5 pb at m(a1) (m(h1)) = 8 GeV to 10.3 pb at m(a1) (m(h1)) = 5 GeV.</P>

A note on semiextensions of stable circuits

Garcí,a Moreno, E. Enrique,Jensen, Tommy R. Elsevier 2009 Discrete mathematics Vol.309 No.15

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A semiextension of a circuit C in a graph G provides a possible means of finding a cycle double cover of G with C as a prescribed circuit. Recently we conjectured [E.E. García Moreno, T.R. Jensen, On semiextensions and circuit double covers, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 97 (2007) 474–482] that if G is cubic and 2-edge-connected, then a semiextension of C in G exists. If true, this would imply several long-standing conjectures.</P><P>If there is a circuit <SUP>C′</SUP> in G with <SUP>C′</SUP>≠C and V(C)⊆V(<SUP>C′</SUP>), then <SUP>C′</SUP> is called an extension of C, a special case of a semiextension. If there is no such circuit, then C is said to be stable in G. Hence the existence question for semiextensions is easy except for stable circuits. Not many examples of graphs with stable circuits have been published. In this note we show that the members of a particular class of stable circuits described by M. Kochol have semiextensions.</P>

Growth, structure and physical properties of single crystals of pure and Pb-doped Bi-based high Tc superconductors

E. Giannini,R. Gladyshevskii,N. Clayton,N. Musolino,V. Garnier,A. Piriou,R. Flu¨kiger 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.2

Single crystals of (Bi1xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d (x = 0 and 0.16) (sizes up to 3 · 2 · 0.1 mm3) have been grown by means of a newly developed ‘‘vapour-assisted travelling solvent floating zone’’ technique (VA-TSFZ). Post-annealing under high pressure of O2 (up to 10 MPa at T = 500 C) was applied to enhance Tc (up to 111 K) and improve the homogeneity of the crystals (DTc 6 1 K). The structure of both Pb-free and Pb-doped Bi-2223 was refined for the first time from single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The unit cell of the average structure is pseudo-tetragonal with a = 5.4210(7), b = 5.4133(6) and c = 37.010(7)A ˚ , and a = 5.395(1), b = 5.413(1) and c = 37.042(11)A ˚ , for the Pb-free and the Pb-doped phase, respectively. An incommensurate modulation in the direction of one of the short cell vectors has been defined (q 0.21 a*), however, the structure can be conveniently described in a supercell with a fivefold volume (a = 27.105(4) A ˚ ). With respect to the ‘‘non-modulated’’ structure, one additional oxygen atom for ten initial O was found to be inserted into the BiO layers. The superconducting anisotropy of Bi-2223 was found to be 50, from measurements of the lower critical field. The anisotropy of Bi-2223 is significantly reduced compared to that of Bi-2212, and this accounts for the enhanced irreversibility fields in Bi-2223. Furthermore, Bi-2223 has a higher critical current density, and a reduced magnetic relaxation rate compared to Bi-2212, which are both signatures of more effective pinning in Bi-2223 due to its reduced anisotropy. Single crystals of (Bi1xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d (x = 0 and 0.16) (sizes up to 3 · 2 · 0.1 mm3) have been grown by means of a newly developed ‘‘vapour-assisted travelling solvent floating zone’’ technique (VA-TSFZ). Post-annealing under high pressure of O2 (up to 10 MPa at T = 500 C) was applied to enhance Tc (up to 111 K) and improve the homogeneity of the crystals (DTc 6 1 K). The structure of both Pb-free and Pb-doped Bi-2223 was refined for the first time from single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The unit cell of the average structure is pseudo-tetragonal with a = 5.4210(7), b = 5.4133(6) and c = 37.010(7)A ˚ , and a = 5.395(1), b = 5.413(1) and c = 37.042(11)A ˚ , for the Pb-free and the Pb-doped phase, respectively. An incommensurate modulation in the direction of one of the short cell vectors has been defined (q 0.21 a*), however, the structure can be conveniently described in a supercell with a fivefold volume (a = 27.105(4) A ˚ ). With respect to the ‘‘non-modulated’’ structure, one additional oxygen atom for ten initial O was found to be inserted into the BiO layers. The superconducting anisotropy of Bi-2223 was found to be 50, from measurements of the lower critical field. The anisotropy of Bi-2223 is significantly reduced compared to that of Bi-2212, and this accounts for the enhanced irreversibility fields in Bi-2223. Furthermore, Bi-2223 has a higher critical current density, and a reduced magnetic relaxation rate compared to Bi-2212, which are both signatures of more effective pinning in Bi-2223 due to its reduced anisotropy.

간호대생과 의대생의 간호사 이미지 비교

구민진,김수영,방정민,서아영,양희진,윤소람,이윤재,이재은,이지연,정윤경,최수정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2014 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.48

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the difference in the perception that nursing students and medical students have regarding the image of nurses. Method: The sampling group for this study was made up of 111 nursing students and 117 medicine students, conducted from the 19th August 2013 to 3rd September 2013. The tool used for this study is the “Nurse Image Scale”. The data is analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program, technical stats, t-test and ANOVA with Scheffe test. Result: There was a notable difference in the results(t=6.94, p<001), with the average image perception score of nurses at 3.84±0.34 amongst nursing students being higher than the 3.50±0.38 amongst Medicine students. The average score of the 4 areas tested, “Qualification of a Nurse”, “Role of a Nurse”, “Social Participation of a Nurse” and “Interpersonal Skills of a Nurse” were all marked higher by the nursing students than the medicine students. The average score became notably higher as the period of practice became shorter with nursing students (F=4.21, p=.043). Furthermore, the average score for the “Qualification of a Nurse” was notably higher as the period of practice became shorter (F=3.98, p=.049). Medical students gave an average score for the “Qualification of a Nurse”(F=3.72, p=.027) and the “Interpersonal Skills of a Nurse”(F=4.11, p=.019) which was relative to the development of a nurse’s image, while the average score for the “Role of a Nurse” was notably higher with a longer period of practice(F=6.65, p=.011). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the image perception of a nurse can vary depending on the experience in period of practice. Therefore, together with this study conducted with nursing students and medicine students, there is a need for further studies conducted on image perception of nurses with various experience in period of practice.

Characteristics of a-GaN films and a-AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions prepared on r-sapphire by two-stage growth process

Polyakov, A. Y.,Jang, Lee-Woon,Smirnov, N. B.,Govorkov, A. V.,Kozhukhova, E. A.,Yugova, T. G.,Reznik, V. Y.,Pearton, S. J.,Baik, Kwang Hyeon,Hwang, Sung-Min,Jung, Sukkoo,Lee, In-Hwan American Institute of Physics 2011 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.110 No.9

<P>The electrical properties, presence of deep electron and hole traps and photoluminescence spectra were measured for undoped a-GaN films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in a two-stage process using a high V/III ratio at the first stage and low V/III ratio at the second stage. Growth was performed on r-sapphire substrates with a high temperature GaN nucleation layer. The films showed a full width at half maximum of 450-470 arcseconds for the (11-20) x-ray rocking curve with little anisotropy with respect to the sample rotation around the growth direction. The stacking fault (SF) density determined by selective etching was similar to 5 x 10(4) cm(-1). The residual donor concentration was 10(14)-10(15) cm(-3), with a very low density (2.5 x 10(13) cm(-3)) of electron traps located at E-c - 0.6 eV, which are believed to be one of the major non-radiative recombination centers in nonpolar GaN. Consequently, the films showed a high intensity of bandedge luminescence with negligible contribution from defect bands associated with SFs. In contrast to previously studied nonpolar GaN films, the a-GaN layers showed a high concentration of gallium-vacancy-related acceptors near E-v + 1 eV and a strong yellow luminescence band, both indicating that growth conditions were effectively N-rich. a-AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions with thin heavily Si doped AlGaN barriers made on a-GaN substrates showed two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) concentrations of 1.2 x 10(13) cm(-3), with 2DEG mobility of 80 cm(2)/Vs. Capacitance-voltage profiling of Schottky diodes on these HJs suggest that the 2DEG is fully depleted by the built-in voltage of the Schottky diode. (C)2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3658026]</P>

Quadratic Derivations on non-Archimedean Banach Algebras

Park, C.,Shagholi, S.,Javadian, A.,Savadkouhi, M.B.,Gordji, M.E. Eudoxus Press LLC 2014 Journal of computational analysis and applications Vol.16 No.3

Let A be an algebra and X be an A-module. A quadratic mapping D : A X is called a quadratic derivation ifD(ab) = D(a)b(2) + a(2) D(b)for all a(1), a(2) is an element of A. We investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic derivations from a non-Archimedean Banach algebra A into a non-Archimedean Banach A-module.

After the Fall: The Dust and Gas in E+A Post-starburst Galaxies

Smercina, A.,Smith, J. D. T.,Dale, D. A.,French, K. D.,Croxall, K. V.,Zhukovska, S.,Togi, A.,Bell, E. F.,Crocker, A. F.,Draine, B. T.,Jarrett, T. H.,Tremonti, C.,Yang, Yujin,Zabludoff, A. I. American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.1

<P>The traditional picture of post-starburst galaxies as dust-and gas-poor merger remnants, rapidly transitioning to quiescence, has been recently challenged. Unexpected detections of a significant interstellar medium (ISM) in many post-starburst galaxies raise important questions. Are they truly quiescent, and if so, what mechanisms inhibit further star formation? What processes dominate their ISM energetics? We present an infrared spectroscopic and photometric survey of 33 E+A post-starbursts selected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, aimed at resolving these questions. We find compact, warm dust reservoirs with high PAH abundances and total gas and dust masses significantly higher than expected from stellar recycling alone. Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)/total infrared (TIR) and dust-to-burst stellar mass ratios are seen to decrease with post-burst age, indicative of the accumulating effects of dust destruction and an incipient transition to hot, early-type ISM properties. Their infrared spectral properties are unique, with dominant PAH emission, very weak nebular lines, unusually strong H-2. rotational emission, and deep [C II] deficits. There is substantial scatter among star formation rate (SFR) indicators, and both PAH and TIR luminosities provide overestimates. Even as potential upper limits, all tracers show that the SFR has typically experienced a decline of more than two orders of magnitude since the starburst and that the SFR is considerably lower than expected given both their stellar masses and molecular gas densities. These results paint a coherent picture of systems in which star formation was, indeed, rapidly truncated, but in which the ISM was not completely expelled, and is instead supported against collapse by latent or continued injection of turbulent or mechanical heating. The resulting aging burst populations provide a 'high-soft' radiation field that seemingly dominates the E+A galaxies' unusual ISM energetics.</P>

Application of Calorimetry to Mycology

Beezer, A. E. 한국균학회 1988 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

Changes in heat content or enthalpy are the universal accompaniment of all reactions both chemical and physical. Thus since metabolism of microbial species can be regarded as a complex sequence and conjunction of reactions then the process and progress of metabolism can be followed by monitoring these changes in energy output. The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be followed, therefore in defined medium growing on a single carbon source e.g. glucose. The power-time curve observed(in a flow microcalorimeter) will therefore show an exponential phase followed by a rapid decline on exhaustion of, say, glucose. More complex media can be studied and the sequence of substrate utilization discovered-together with the kinetic parameters associated with each process. Extension of these studies to the following topics will be explored: (a) identification of microbial species (b) metabolism on a single substrate(i.e. no growth) (c) the interaction of antifungals with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. The bioassay procedures described in (c) are rapid(20min), sensitive(e.g. 0.1 unit ㎝^(-3) of nystatin detectable) and reproducible(+1.3%). The parameters are much better than those derived from plates or tubes. Examples of synergic and antagonistic interactions between antibiotics given in combination will be discussed. Extension of these studies to Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships will also be reported. The bioassay procedures described in the literature depend, in part, on the use of liquid nitrogen stored cultures. Such cultures have maintained constant properties over a period in excess of 6 years and thus raise the possibility that constant performance(from the microbe) can be used to evaluate the capacity of complex media e.g. molasses, to maintain adequate/good growth on a commercial scale. Examples of the identification of $quot;good$quot; and $quot;poor$quot; commercial molasses will be given. Further discussion will relate to the study of synchronous cultures and to the cell cycle.

간호대학생의 전공만족도와 간호전문직관의 관계 : 일대학 간호대학생을 대상으로

고정은,김미희,김은진,김혜지,엄지은,이행아,장누리,장동은 이화여자대학교 간호학회 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45

PURPOSE : This study purposed to examine the relation between nursing college students' major satisfaction and their nursing professionalism. METHOD : We collected data from 197 nursing students at a college in Seoul using a structured questionnaire from the 6th to 13th. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0. RESULT : 1. The mean score of major satisfaction was 3.54±49 and that of nursing professionalism was 3.52±46. Among the sub-areas of major satisfaction, satisfaction with career investigation was highest. In addition, among the sub-areas of nursing professionalism, the specialty of nursing was highest. 2. Major satisfaction was higher in those from the Department of Natural Science, with a nurse in their family members and it was also significantly different according to the motive for choosing nursing. Nursing professionalism was higher in those with a nurse in their family members and it was also significantly different according to the motive for choosing. 3. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the subjects' major satisfaction and their nursing professionalism. The sub-area of major satisfaction in the highest correlation with nursing professionalism was 'satisfaction with perception', and the sub-area of nursing professionalism in the highest correlation with major satisfaction was 'professional self-concept' CONCLUSION : A significant positive correlation was observed between major satisfaction and nursing professionalism, and this raises the necessity for maintaining high major satisfaction so that nursing students may establish positive nursing professionalism through their college study.