Multiple Myeloma : New Approaches to Therapy

Dunbar, Cynthia E.,Nienhuis, Arthur W. MediMedia Korea 1993 JAMA-Korea Vol.8 No.10

에너지 절약을 위한 수용자 세분화

Amy Dunbar 한국주관성연구학회 2010 Journal of Human Subjectivity Vol.8 No.1

This study segmented the audience of the Mid-South regarding energy conservation. Using Q-method, five distinct attitudinal-clusters appeared: apathetic, cynical, entitled, prudent, and optimistic. These clusters revealed normative and social beliefs affecting conservation behavior. The intention-behavior gap presents a problem for public relations practitioners and therefore was analyzed with regard to attitude, because theory has shown the impact of attitude on behavior. Additionally, the LOHAS model provided a means for comparative analysis; wherein, there were significant similarities with the Q-sort results. Additionally, this research aided the "Smallest User" contest, a contest pitting neighborhoods against each other to conserve the most energy. Based on the results of this study, the researcher recommends that the "Smallest User" public relations team use the data to create a questionnaire enabling quantification of each attitudinal-cluster within the community. Consequently, the contest will be more effective by being able to accurately segment messages to each cluster. 본 연구의 목적은 에너지 절약에 관한 미국의 중남부 수용자를 세분화하는 것이다. Q 방법론을 사용하여 5개 태도유형을 발견했는데 구체적으로 무감각, 비판적, 자격있는, 신중한, 그리고 낙관적 태도로 나타났다. 이들은 에너지 절약에 영향을 주는 규범적이며 사회적 믿음이라 할 수 있다. 홍보 관계자에게는 의도와 행위간의 차이는 늘 문제가 되므로 본 연구자는 태도에 초점을 맞추었으며, 특히 LOHAS 모델을 이용해 비교연구를 행하였는데 Q 연구결과와 매우 유사했다. 본 연구는 에너지 절약 대회인 "Smallest User"를 도왔는데, 결론적으로 지역사회에서 태도유형을 확인하는 질문지를 만들 때 본 연구결과를 활용하도록 추천하고 있다. 이것은 해당 유형에게 보다 정확한 메시지를 만드는데 유용하기 때문이다.

Resurrection City: The Scale of Seoul’s Urban Renewal Process (Artist's Statement)

Jon Dunbar 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2018 Cross-Currents Vol.0 No.29

Note: This essay accompanies the photo essay of the same title, which can be accessed by clicking on the thumbnail images to the right of the text.

Diabetes Prevention in Australia: 10 Years Results and Experience

James A. Dunbar 대한당뇨병학회 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.3

Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of lifestyle modification for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus but it was achieved at higher cost than can be sustained in routine health services. The first clinical trial to report was the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. This paper describes how Australia worked with Finnish colleagues to adapt the findings of that study to achieve a statewide diabetes prevention program. Small evaluative, effectiveness trials have been conducted in a number of countries to see if the results of the clinical trials can be replicated in routine health services. The Australian evaluative trial, Greater Green Triangle Diabetes Prevention Program is described in detail to demonstrate the ingredients for success in moving a program from one country to another. Few countries have managed to scale up from evaluative trials to statewide or national programs. The Australian experience is described in detail including lessons learned about what reduced the effectiveness, particularly the need for policy makers in government, people from the implementing organisation and researchers to work together from the start of the evaluative trial and throughout the first 5 years of a national program.

δ15N values of settling biogenic particles in the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic) and their records for the surface-water condition

김부근,Robert Dunbar,김동선 한국지질과학협의회 2013 Geosciences Journal Vol.17 No.3

Sediment trap deployments in the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic) show seasonal and inter-annual variability in particle fluxes, with most of total annual flux at mid-depth occurring during a short period. High seasonality in particle flux may be associated with biological processes (the timing of phytoplankton blooms) and physical factor (sea-ice cover). Inter-annual variability of particle flux may also reflect inter-annual variation of sea-ice cover related to the biological processes. Most notable is that year-round high particle flux is observed in sediment traps moored near the seabed, which is not unexpected, emphasizing the contribution of supplementary transport of lithogenic particles particularly during the unproductive season. In this case, particles in relatively rapid vertical transit, such as aggregates and fecal pellets, are presumably mixed with laterally-transported particles. The relationship between d15N values and biogenic particle flux highlights the contribution of particles in lateral transit to the vertical setting particles downward to the near-bottom sediment trap. Mid-depth sediment trap shows clear seasonal d15N variability, whereas the near-bottom sediment trap shows no distinct seasonal trend, indicating the contamination of low d15N, fresh organic material by high d15N, regenerated and more refractory material resuspended from shallow continental margin. However, judging from the flux-weight d15N values between the mid-depth and near-bottom sediment traps, biogeochemical components contained in the horizontally delivered particles are not critical to prevent the surface-water condition preserved in those of downward sinking particles. Our results provide the convincing implications from the recovery of paleoclimatic information using sediment cores from the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic).

A high-resolution climate record spanning the past 17 000 years recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand

Levy, Richard H.,Dunbar, Gavin B.,Vandergoes, Marcus J.,Howarth, Jamie D.,Kingan, Tony,Pyne, Alex R.,Brotherston, Grant,Clarke, Michael,Dagg, Bob,Hill, Matthew,Kenton, Evan,Little, Steve,Mandeno, Darc Copernicus GmbH 2018 Scientific drilling Vol.24 No.-

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A new annually resolved sedimentary record of Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude hydroclimate was recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand, in March 2016. The Lake Ohau Climate History (LOCH) project acquired cores from two sites (LOCH-1 and -2) that preserve sequences of laminated mud that accumulated since the lake formed <span class='inline-formula'>∼</span><span class='thinspace'></span>17<span class='thinspace'></span>000 years ago. Cores were recovered using a purpose-built barge and drilling system designed to recover soft sediment from thick sedimentary sequences in lake systems up to 150<span class='thinspace'></span>m deep. This system can be transported in two to three 40<span class='thinspace'></span>ft long shipping containers and is suitable for use in a range of geographic locations. A comprehensive suite of data has been collected from the sedimentary sequence using state-of-the-art analytical equipment and techniques. These new observations of past environmental variability augment the historical instrumental record and are currently being integrated with regional climate and hydrological modelling studies to explore causes of variability in extreme/flood events over the past several millennia.</p> </P>

양 태아의 산소 환기 중 Endothelin B 수용체 차단제가 폐동맥 확장에 미치는 영향

김나연,이동석,Ivy, D. Dunbar 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2004 東國醫學 Vol.11 No.2

Endothelin-1 (ET-1)은 정상 양 태아와 주산기 폐동맥 고혈압 모델에서 폐혈관 긴장도를 유지하는데 관여하고 있다. ET-1의 효과는 적어도 두개의 수용체 아형인 ET_(A)와 ET_(B)의 균형에 의한다. ET_(A) 수용체는 주로 평활근 세포에 존재하며 혈관의 수축과 평활근 세포의 증식에 기여한다. 혈관 내피 세포에 존재하는 ET_(B) 수용체의 자극은 산화질소의 분비를 통해 혈관을 확장시키고 혈중의 ET-1을 제거하는 역할을 한다. 그러나 출생 시 ET_(B) 수용체의 자극이 폐혈관 긴장도의 감소를 유도하는지에 대하여서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 출생과 관련된 자극에서 단기간 동안의 ET_(B) 수용체 차단제의 사용이 폐혈관 저항에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 출산이 임박한 만삭 양 태아에게 저농도(FiO₂<10%)와 고농도(FiO₂100%)로 기계적 환기를 시키는 동안, 선택적인 ET_(B) 수용체 차단제인 BQ-788가 혈류역학에 미치는 영향을 알아보기로 하였다. 정상적인 양 태아에서 BQ-788의 투여는 기저 좌폐동맥 혈류량과 폐혈관저항에는 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 대조군과 비교하여 저농도와 고농도의 산소 호흡중 BQ-788의 투여는 좌 폐동맥 혈류량의 증가를 현저하게 약화시켰다(P<0.01). 폐혈관 저항은 저농도와 고농도의 기계적산소 환기시 양군에서 모두 점차적으로 감소하였으나, BQ-788의 투여는 실험 기간 동안 내내 폐혈관저항을 높게 유지시켰다(P<0.01). 본 실험의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 선택적인 ET_(B) 수용체의 차단은 분만시 폐혈관 확장을 약화시키며, 선택적인 ET_(B) 수용체의 자극은 양 태아의 분만 시 폐혈관 확장에 기여하리라 생각된다. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to regulation of pulmonary vascular tone in the normal ovine fetus and in models of perinatal pulmonary hypertension. In utero, the effects of ET-1 depend on the balance of at least two receptor subtypes: ET_(A) and ET_(B). ET_(A) receptors are located on smooth muscle cells and mediate vasoconstriction and smooth muscle proliferation. Stimulation of endothelial ET_(B) receptors causes vasodilation through release of nitric oxide and also functions to remove ET-1 from the circulation. However, whether activation of ET_(B) receptors contributes to the fall in pulmonary vascular tone at birth is unknown. To determine the role of acute ET_(B) receptor blockade in pulmonary vasodilation to birth related stimuli, we studied the hemodynamic effects of selective ET_(B) receptor blockade with BQ-788 during mechanical ventilation with low (<10%) and high FiO₂(100%) in near term fetal sheep. Intrapulmonary infusion of BQ-788 did not change left pulmonary artery (LPA) blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at baseline. Comparison with controls, BQ-788 treatment attenuated the rise in LPA flow with low and high FiO₂ ventilation (P<0.01). PVR progressively decreased during mechanical ventilation with low and high FiO₂in both groups, but PVR remained higher after BQ-788 treatment throughout the study period (P<0.01). We conclude that selective ET_(B) receptor blockade attenuates pulmonary vasodilation at birth. We speculate that ET_(B) receptor stimulation contributes to pulmonary vasodilation at birth in the ovine fetus.

α-Gal Nanoparticles in CNS Trauma: I. In Vitro Activation of Microglia Towards a Pro-Healing State

Gopalakrishnan Bhavani,Galili Uri,Dunbar August,Solorio Luis,Shi Riyi,Li Jianming 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2024 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.21 No.3

Background: Macrophages and microglia play critical roles after spinal cord injury (SCI), with the pro-healing, anti-inflammatory (M2) subtype being implicated in tissue repair. We hypothesize that promoting this phenotype within the post-injured cord microenvironment may provide beneficial effects for mitigating tissue damage. As a proof of concept, we propose the use of nanoparticles incorporating the carbohydrate antigen, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal epitope) as an immunomodulator to transition human microglia (HMC3) cells toward a pro-healing state. Methods: Quiescent HMC3 cells were acutely exposed to α-gal nanoparticles in the presence of human serum and subsequently characterized for changes in cell shape, expression of anti or pro-inflammatory markers, and secretion of phenotype-specific cytokines. Results: HMC3 cells treated with serum activated α-gal nanoparticles exhibited rapid enlargement and shape change in addition to expressing CD68. Moreover, these activated cells showed increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers like Arginase-1 and CD206 without increasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-6. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that resting human microglia exposed to a complex of α-gal nanoparticles and anti-Gal (from human serum) can be activated and polarized toward a putative M2 state. The data suggests that α-gal nanoparticles may have therapeutic relevance to the CNS microenvironment, in both recruiting and polarizing macrophages/microglia at the application site. The immunomodulatory activity of these α-gal nanoparticles post-SCI is further described in the companion work (Part II). Background: Macrophages and microglia play critical roles after spinal cord injury (SCI), with the pro-healing, anti-inflammatory (M2) subtype being implicated in tissue repair. We hypothesize that promoting this phenotype within the post-injured cord microenvironment may provide beneficial effects for mitigating tissue damage. As a proof of concept, we propose the use of nanoparticles incorporating the carbohydrate antigen, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal epitope) as an immunomodulator to transition human microglia (HMC3) cells toward a pro-healing state. Methods: Quiescent HMC3 cells were acutely exposed to α-gal nanoparticles in the presence of human serum and subsequently characterized for changes in cell shape, expression of anti or pro-inflammatory markers, and secretion of phenotype-specific cytokines. Results: HMC3 cells treated with serum activated α-gal nanoparticles exhibited rapid enlargement and shape change in addition to expressing CD68. Moreover, these activated cells showed increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers like Arginase-1 and CD206 without increasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-6. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that resting human microglia exposed to a complex of α-gal nanoparticles and anti-Gal (from human serum) can be activated and polarized toward a putative M2 state. The data suggests that α-gal nanoparticles may have therapeutic relevance to the CNS microenvironment, in both recruiting and polarizing macrophages/microglia at the application site. The immunomodulatory activity of these α-gal nanoparticles post-SCI is further described in the companion work (Part II).

The Association Between Regular Symptom Monitoring and Self-care Management in Patients With Heart Failure

Lee, Kyoung Suk,Lennie, Terry A.,Dunbar, Sandra B.,Pressler, Susan J.,Heo, Seongkum,Song, Eun Kyeung,Biddle, Martha J.,Moser, Debra K. ASPEN PUBLISHERS INC 2015 JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING Vol.30 No.2

Dietary sodium restriction below 2 g per day predicted shorter event-free survival in patients with mild heart failure

Song, Eun Kyeung,Moser, Debra K,Dunbar, Sandra B,Pressler, Susan J,Lennie, Terry A SAGE Publications 2014 European journal of cardiovascular nursing Vol.13 No.6

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Despite a growing recognition that a strict low sodium diet may not be warranted in compensated heart failure (HF) patients, the link between sodium restriction below 2 g/day and health outcomes is unknown in patients at different levels of HF severity.</P><P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>The purpose of this study was to compare differences in event-free survival among patients with <2 g/day, 2–3 g/day, or >3 g/day sodium intake stratified by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class.</P><P><B>Method:</B></P><P>A total of 244 patients with HF completed a four-day food diary to measure daily sodium intake. All-cause hospitalization or death for a median of 365 follow-up days and covariates on age, gender, etiology, body mass index, NYHA class, ejection fraction, total comorbidity score, the presence of ankle edema, and prescribed medications were determined by patient interview and medical record review. Hierarchical Cox hazard regression was used to address the purpose.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In NYHA class I/II (<I>n</I>=134), patients with <2 g/day sodium intake had a 3.7-times higher risk (<I>p</I>=0.025), while patients with >3 g/day sodium intake had a 0.4-times lower risk (<I>p</I>=0.047) for hospitalization or death than those with 2–3 g/day sodium intake after controlling for covariates. In NYHA class III/IV (<I>n</I>=110), >3 g/day sodium intake predicted shorter event-free survival (<I>p</I>=0.044), whereas there was no difference in survival curves between patients with <2 g/day and those with 2–3 g/day sodium intake.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Sodium restriction below 2 g/day is not warranted in mild HF patients, whereas excessive sodium intake above 3 g/day may be harmful in moderate to severe HF patients.</P>