X선 촬영인자의 변화에 따른 영상의 주관적인 화질 평가

권덕문,박명환,김성환,박종삼,이준일,남효덕 대구보건대학 2001 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

In this study, visual recognition of X-ray images were estimated using hawlet charts. The resolution has achieved excellent result when densities of film were 1.0~1.5. The more thickness of object was increase, the more the resolution was decrease, because scattered X-ray were increased. The more distance of object to film was increase, the more the resolution was decrease, because groedel effect. The more focal spot size was increase, the more resolution was decrease, because unsharpness was increase. The more field size was increase and grid ratio was decrease, the more resolution was decrease, because scattered X-ray were increase. As a result, we could to improve image quality by determination of resolution according to Radiography parameters. And, we proved that hawlet charts were useful for estimate of image quality and set up x-ray radiography.

멀티미디어 자료의 교육적 활용을 위한 메타데이터 요소 정의 및 XML DTD 설계

구덕회,유인환 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2004 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.4

최근 학교 현장에서는 웹 기반의 멀티미디어 자료에 대한 활용이 매우 크게 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 멀티미디어 자료를 수월하게 검색하기 위한 다양한 메타데이터 요소 정의가 등장하고 있으나 국제 표준을 중심으로 제시되고, 국내 현장 교사들의 의견은 거의 반영되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 현장 교사들의 의견을 반영하여 웹 페이지 안에 포함되어 있는 멀티미디어 자료들을 효율적으로 검색, 관리할 수 있는 메타데이터 요소를 정의하고 실제 활용을 위한 XML DTD를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구 결과는 멀티미디어 자료의 공유 및 활용을 높이는데 사용될 수 있다. In the latest school spot, practical use about web based multimedia is increasing very greatly. Accordingly, various meta-data element definition to search multimedia data easy is appearing but international standard is presented as the main-stream. Opinion of domestic spot teachers is hardly reflected. Hereupon, in this study, wish to searches multimedia data that is included inside web page reflecting opinion of domestic spot teachers efficiently, defines meta-data element and designs XML DTD for actuality practical use. This study finding sees that can raise public ownership and practical use of multimedia data.

『儒林外史』에 반영된 비판의식

김덕환 동양대학교 2008 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

吴敬梓一生以移居南京爲界可分前后兩段. 前期他以聲色犬馬的生活方式遊離于正常的生活軌道之外, 其后家業衰落, 移居南京, 安徽巡撫欲蓄其應博學宏詞試 以病不赴, 晩年益貧困, 卒于揚州. 他雖是名門望族的后代, 小時深受儒家思想的熏陶, 但由于經濟地位的迅速變化, 使他接觸了劳动人民 看到了社會的黑暗和科擧制度的罪惡. 因爲恩想上有進步的一面, 幷且掌握了描寫現實的諷刺手法, 所以才能在晩年寫出『儒林外史』述部十分杰出的崙篇諷刺小設. 本文是『儒林外史』所反映的批判意识, 它通过對各類人物無恥行爲的直實生動的描寫, 深刻地揭露了行將崩潰的封建制度的腐朽性, 强烈地抨击了罪惡的科拳制度, 井涉及了政治制度, 倫理道德, 社會風氣等, 客觀上否定了整個封建制度. 否定, 鞭撻科拳制度, 漣素官僚集圖, 揭露封建札敎, 同情人民群衆.

조구등(釣鉤藤)의 4-VO로 유발한 흰쥐뇌허혈에 대한 신경방어효과

李仁煥,林康鉉,李鍾錫,石庚浩,安德均,朴虎君,김頀哲 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus(UR, ???) has sweet in flavour and slightly cold in property, acting on the liver and pericardium channels. This drug was described in a medical classic as having the ability to remove "heat", check hyperfunction of the liver and relieve dizziness, tremors, and convulsion, and subdue "endogenous wind". So this study was planned to check the neuroprotective effect of UR on the global ischemia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. and UR extract was lyophilized after extraction with 70% methanol. We induced 4-vessel occlusion for 10 minutes and reperfused again. The number of CA1 pyramidal neurons were counted after 7 days of reperfusion under the cresyl violet staining. In 4-VO ischemia model, UR showed significantly neuroprotective effects(1,000 and 500 ㎎/㎏ of UR extracts, p<0.05) compared with control group. Each neuroprotective ratio was about 23.0%, 19.0% respectively. Consequently, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus has neuroprotective effects on the global ischermia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. So we expect that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can be used as a drug for neurodegenerative disease.

고령의 불안정성 대퇴 전자간 골절시 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술

고덕환,김규현,신주용,임신우,김동현 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목 적 : 고령의 대퇴골 전자간 불안정성 분쇄골절시 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 사용하여 인공관절 치환술을 시행한 후 수술 시간, 보행 시기, 및 그 기능적 결과와 합병증을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1991년 8월부터 2001년 1월까지 본원에서 대퇴 전자간 불안정성 분쇄골절로 수술받은 75세 이상 환자중 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술을 시행받은 후 2년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 환자 20례를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 수술 시간은 평균 45분이었고, 임상적 결과 분석에서 Harris Hip Score는 평균 84.7점이었다. 사각보행의 시기는 평균 8일이었으며, 전체중 부하는 평균 6.9주였다. 합병증으로 수술부위 감염 2례, 고도의 대퇴부 동통 1례 및 탈구 1례가 발생하였다. 결 론 : 고령의 환자에서 발생한 대퇴 전자간 불안정성 분쇄 골절의 치료에 있어서 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술은 비교적 조기 체중부하와 기능적 회복이 가능하고 낮은 합병증으로 좋은 치료법의 하나로 사료된다. Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to analyze the operating time, timing of ambulation, functional results and complications using the calcar replacement stem for the severely comminuted unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the eldertly patients. Materials and Methods : From August 1991 through January 2001, 20 elderly patients over the 75 year old patients had undergone bipolar hemiarthroplasty with calcar replacement stem for the treatment of unstable intertrichanteric fractures. Results : The mean operating time was 45 minutes and mean Harris Hip Score was 84.7. Ambulation with walker was started at post-operative 8 days and full weight bearing was 6.9 weeks, each. Complications were 2 cases of wound infection, 1 case of severe thigh pain and 1 case of dislocation. Conclusion : Early ambulation, functional restoration and decrease of the complications with bipolar hemiarthroplasty using calcar replacement stem for severely comminuted unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, therefore this methods seems to be one of the effective treatments.

휘진성형광체를 이용한 개인피폭선량 측정에 관한 검토

박명환,권덕문 대구보건대학 1997 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The characteristics of photostimulation in sulfide phosphors and alkalihalide phosphors are reviewed briefly. then, the mechanism and the characteristics of photostimulated luminescence in BaFX:Eu^(2+) are summarized. The computed radiography(CR) system is mainly used for the diagnostic X-ray imaging, it has potential for applying to the other fields of ionizing radiation imaging. It was found out that the imaging plate detector is useful as a new type wide range personal dosimeter.

복부 X선촬영에서의 결석의 확대율 검토

권덕문,박종삼,박명환,이준일 대구보건대학 1995 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This experiment was done in order to give some help for stone doigonosis. After calculating theoretical value and interposition stone at the phantom which set at the same position with human and radiography, we compared both magnification degree and the conclusion is like this. 1. The average distance from dorsal to kidney pelvis is 7.7㎝, to middle ureter is 11. 1㎝ and to ureter bladder jucntion is 9.5㎝. 2. In the case of the same abdomen thickness, the distance error at each part and in personal was ± 5%. 3. Magnification degree at each part of abdomen was shown that it was 1.17 times at kidney plvis, 1.12 times at middle urter and 1.2 times ureter bladder junction.

중국 중산층(中産層)의 대두와 역할

곽덕환 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2006 中國硏究 Vol.37 No.-

China has achieved passable economic growth because of the reform- opening policy which evolved after the advent of Deng Xiaoping. However, the side effects are also serious as we can see present days. First of all, they pursued the economic growth based on 'Xian Fu Lun', means that some people get rich first and then redistribute their wealth. As the result of that, they had disequilibrium that is different among regions and classes. Also, China has entered a stratum society, thereupon the past society transfigured to society that take a serious view on competition and efficiency than equality. However, middle class which was the result of stratum society's introduction was not so positive in political participations. On the other hand, they were active in social participation because of the high national consciousness and social obligation consciousness. Therefore, the rise of middle class doesn't become the cause that harms the political society's stability, but that is taking the complement role and supply the blank space which arose from the government's deduction as the result of the introduction of market economy. Specially, and above all, we can expect NGOs' a far-reaching activities such as environmental campaign and annulment of gap between the rich and the poor campaign.

소아 혈중 연농도에 관한 조사

이용환,이덕희,김진하,박인근,한태영,장세한 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

지리적 위치에 따라 소아들에 있어서 혈중 연농도에 차이가 있는지의 여부와 소아들의 혈중 연농도의 참고치 계산을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 6-8세의 도심지역 거주 소아 102명과 교외지역 거주 86명, 총 188명을 대상으로 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 소아들의 평균혈중 연농도는 산술평균이 7.24, 기하평균이 6.92 ㎍/100㎖이었으며 남자가 여자보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다(p<0.05). 2. 도심지역과 교외지역 거주 소아들의 혈중 연농도는 도심지역거주 소아가 남, 녀 모두에서 교외지역 거주 소아보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다(p<0.05). 3. 혈중 연농도에 따른 분포에서는 <5 ㎍/100㎖군에 조사대상자 188명의 17.02%가 분포되었고 도심지역(5.88%)보다 교외지역(30.23%)에서 더 많은 분포를 보였으며, 10 ㎍/100㎖이상 군에는 전체 소아의 12.23%가 분포하고 있었으며, 도심지역(20.59%)이 교외지역(2.33%)보다 더 많이 분포하고 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 도심지역 거주 소아들에 대한 연폭로의 관리대책이 시급히 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. The authors conducted this study to evaluate some differences in blood lead levels between inner-city and suburban children and obtain the basic data of the reference value of the blood lead concentrations in children. The subjects were composed of 102 children residing in inner-city and 86 children in suburban. Their age range were 6 to 8 years old and the obtained results were as follows; 1. The arithmetic means of the blood lead level in male and female, male, and female children were 7.24, 7.40, 7.08 ㎍/100㎖, and geometric means were 6.92, 7.08, 6.76㎍/100㎖, respectively. 2. The children residing in inner-city had the higher blood lead levels both male and female than suburban children with statistical significance(p<0.05) 3. Seventeen percent of the total subjects had lead concentrations < 5 ㎍/100㎖, and 5.88% of inner-city children and 30.23% of suburban children had this lead values. But in ≥10㎍/100㎖ group, the inner-city children(20.39%) were more distributed than suburban children(2.33%), and 12.33% of total subjects had this lead values.

산모혈과 제대혈에서 연농도에 관한 조사

이덕희,문종국,배강우,이용환,김진하,박강원 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the blood lead levels in 141 pregnant women who were not occupationally exposed to lead and their umbilical cord, and to identify some differences in blood lead levels by living area. The subjects were all delivered at St. Benedict Hospital in Pusan and the blood lead levels were measured by graphite furance atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The summarized results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean lead levels in maternal and cord blood were 8.0±1.8μg/dl, 5.0±0.6μg/dl respectively. 2. Lead levels in maternal(8.7±1.7μg/dl) and cord blood(5.4μ±0.7μg/dl) of industrial area(n=24) were higher than residential area(n=124) which were 7.9±1.7μg/dl and 5.0±0.6μg/dl respectively(p<0.05). 3. Maternal blood lead concentration was significantly correlated to cord blood lead concentration(r=0.6090, p<0.001), but other variables(maternal age, paternal smoking, birth weight, etc) were not correlated.