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Market Integration and Industrial Specialization on a Monopolistic Competitive Market
( Jørgen Drud Hansen ),( Jan Guldager Jørgensen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.3
This paper examines the relationship between market integration and product diversification in a Chamberlinian model of monopolistic competition. In the first version of the model, production of the firm is organised in activities producing either one or two horizontally differentiated product-variants. The cost functions show both scale and scope economies. Market integration is illustrated by an increase in the market size. For increasing market size, each firm shifts from producing two variants to producing one variant only at a certain threshold value of market size. Passing this threshold value the firm size measured by total output changes discontinuously leaving the effect on firm size ambiguous. For specific specification of the perceived demand of the individual firm hysteresis of the industrial structure may appear in the sense that the threshold value of the market size for shifting from two to one variant production exceeds that of the threshold value of market size of shifting from one to two variants. In the last part of the paper, the model is generalised to a continuum of variants and it is shown that an increase of the market size reduces the number of variants produced by each firm, whereas the hysteresis phenomenon disappears.
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JØgen Drud Hansen,JØgen Ulff-MØler Nielsen 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.4
This paper examines the effect of trade barriers on quality levels in a duopolymodel for two countries where products are both vertically and horizontallydifferentiated. In the absence of quality regulation the producer in the largecountry produces a higher quality than the producer in the small country.Moreover, the quality levels between the two producers converge in case of marketintegration i.e. when the trade barrier is reduced. If a common minimum qualitystandard is introduced, which forces the low quality producer to increase thequality of his product, the high quality producer reacts strategically by loweringthe quality of his product. On unregulated markets, market integration increaseswelfare in both countries if they are almost of similar size. However, if thecountries are very asymmetrical with respect to size, market integration may harmwelfare in the large country. Introducing a minimum quality standard also hasambiguous effects on welfare. JEL classification: F12, F13, F14
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Price as an Indicator for Quality in International Trade?
Jørgen Drud Hansen,Jørgen Ulff-Møller Nielsen 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.3
This paper examines the relation between price differences and quality differences in an oligopoly model with intra-industry trade, where goods are horizontally as well as vertically differentiated. The analysis demonstrates that the ratio of prices is not linked to the ratio of qualities in any simple way. The paper therefore questions empirical trade studies using unit values as an indicator for the quality of the traded goods. However, we also show that the ratio of prices is a reasonable proxy for the ratio of qualities if sunk cost is dominating in the cost structure.
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( Jørgen Drud Hansen ),( Jørgen Ulff Møller Nielsen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.4
This paper examines the effect of trade barriers on quality levels in a duopoly model for two countries where products are both vertically and horizontally differentiated. In the absence of quality regulation the producer in the large country produces a higher quality than the producer in the small country. Moreover, the quality levels between the two producers converge in case of market integration i.e. when the trade barrier is reduced. If a common minimum quality standard is introduced, which forces the low quality producer to increase the quality of his product, the high quality producer reacts strategically by lowering the quality of his product. On unregulated markets, market integration increases welfare in both countries if they are almost of similar size. However, if the countries are very asymmetrical with respect to size, market integration may harm welfare in the large country. Introducing a minimum quality standard also has ambiguous effects on welfare.
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Market Integration and Industrial Specialization on a Monopolistic Competitive Market
Hansen, JØrgen Drud,JØrgensen , Jan Guldager 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.3
This paper examines the relationship between market integration and product diversification in a Chamberlinian model of monopolistic competition. In the first version of the model, production of the firm is organised in activities producing either one or two horizontally differentiated product-variants. The cost functions show both scale and scope economies. Market integration is illustrated by an increase in the market size. For increasing market size, each firm shifts from producing tow variants to producing one variant only at a certain threshold value of market size. Passing this threshold value the firm size measured by total output changes discontinuously leaving the effect on firm size ambiguous. For specific specification of the perceived demand of the individual firm hysteresis of the industrial structure may appear in the sense that the threshold value of the market size for shifting from two to one variant production exceeds that of the threshold value of market size of shifting from one to two variants. In the last part of the paper, the model is generalised to a continuum of variants and it is shown that an increase of the market size reduces the number of variants produced by each firm, whereas the hysteresis phenomenon disappears.
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