A fault classification system for quality and productivity improvement in continuous manufacturing processes

Dooley, Kevin John University of Illinois 1987 해외박사

Selling Socialism, Consuming Difference: Ethnicity and Consumer Culture in Soviet Central Asia, 1945-1985

Dooley, Kathryn Amelia Harvard University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

In the decades after World War II, consumption became the ground for a series of debates about Central Asian ethnic and cultural distinctiveness and its fate under modern, Soviet conditions. For nearly the entire span of Soviet history, state institutions in Central Asia manufactured not only "modern," European-style consumer goods of the sort that were produced throughout the USSR, but also a set of locally specific "national goods." Discussions within Soviet economic institutions, among Soviet artistic experts, and in the local-language press increasingly portrayed these national-style objects and the culturally distinctive practices they enabled as legitimate and even desirable components of a modern, socialist life for Central Asian consumers. Simultaneously, the state's anxieties about the growth of consumer acquisitiveness and "bourgeois" mentalities allowed Central Asian traditionalism and ethno-cultural specificity to be reframed in the public discourse of the region as a potentially healthy influence, shoring up Soviet values against Western-looking consumerism and dissolute youth culture. By the Brezhnev-era 1970s, the permissible "national forms" defined in Soviet nationalities policy had expanded to include locally particularistic practices, ways of dressing and decorating the home, and gender and family relationships, all of which were imagined as broadly compatible with Soviet citizenship. Yet far from resolving the question of the relationship between Central Asian ethnicity and modernity, the state's legitimation of certain types of Central Asian ethno-cultural difference only opened up further ground for debate among Central Asians themselves, relocating these discussions from the realm of state policy to the domains of family, community, and everyday social life in the region. Individual decisions to use one kind of good or another -- a European-style table or a low Uzbek xontaxta, a modern knee-length skirt or a more modest "national dress" -- became freighted with symbolic meanings in terms of both official Soviet and local Central Asian discourses of backwardness, modernity, authenticity, and ethnic identity. The result was that consumption fueled a flourishing of processes of contestation and boundary-drawing within local society in the late Soviet period, generating new lines of intra-ethnic differentiation -- generational, cultural, geographical, and socioeconomic -- among the Uzbek and Kyrgyz populations.

Enthusiasts, Jacobites, and Deists: Religious nonconformity and English comic drama, 1700--1737

Dooley, Lawrence Alan Indiana University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

The early eighteenth century was a tumultuous period in England's history. Theatre historians have regularly examined the political and social changes occurring during this early modern period in order to better appreciate the context of the plays produced, but religion is lightly treated or ignored entirely. Governmental control varied throughout the period, but the commercial theatres preferred not to produce plays that might lead the civil authorities to interfere any further in their daily operations. It is often assumed that theatre practitioners uniformly avoided any and all references to religion in order to mollify the government censors and the various self-appointed reformers of the stage. What has been overlooked, however, is the extent to which the theatres allowed and even promoted plays that satirized religious Nonconformity. Examining a few of the major anti-establishment (Nonconformist) groups, I illustrate the impact of these movements upon the drama of the period. Specifically, I focus on how the more topical comic dramas often bolstered “orthodox” belief by portraying Nonconformists as ignorant, immoral, and even treasonous. Methodologically, I trace the events of the period in basic chronological order, discussing the impact of Enthusiasm, Jacobitism, and Deism upon the Established Anglican Church. Specific attention is given to plays written by Thomas Baker, Colley Cibber, Thomas D'Urfey, George Farquhar, Henry Fielding, John Philips, Charles Shadwell, Richard Wilkinson, along with other anonymous works. The plays examined are further contextualized by reference to contemporary controversies such as the arrival of the French Prophets (1707), the trial of Dr. Sacheverell (1709–10), the Jacobite Rebellion (1715), the Bangorian Controversy (1717), a scandal involving the French priest, Father Girard (<italic> ca.</italic> 1731), and a number of other political and social developments. By discussing several comedies, some of which had great commercial success and others did not, I demonstrate how various playwrights attempted to satisfy the tastes of the audience by capitalizing on bias and misconception.

Raman spectroscopic studies of bone biomechanical function and development in animal models

Dooley, Kathryn A University of Michigan 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Raman spectroscopy is a versatile technique for studying multiple aspects of bone health. Raman bands are sensitive to the composition and structural orientation of the material and to external mechanical forces. Through examination of bone tissue from various animal models, this dissertation demonstrates the ability of Raman spectroscopy to advance knowledge of bone biomechanical function and normal bone development. Stress was measured in an equine model for the early stages of bone fracture by analyzing band shifts in phosphate v1, the most prominent mineral band in bone. Stresses were significantly higher in strained and failed regions than in control regions, and the pattern of stresses as calculated with Raman imaging was in agreement with the predicted stresses from a linear finite element analysis model of the fracture specimen. In an equine model for an extreme athlete, the third metacarpal bone from a racehorse was found to have an increased mineral-to-matrix ratio, an indicator of tissue mineralization, compared to a specimen from a nonathletic horse. Raman spectroscopy was also applied to evaluate bone tissue from genetically-modified mice in which the Sprouty2 gene, a gene which regulates normal bone development, was deleted. Based on observed differences in the collagen cross-link and mineral-to-matrix band ratios, Spry2 appears to regulate cross-link formation and accrual of mineral during normal bone development. Another genetically-modified mouse examined was the Brittle mouse, a model for osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. In this model, an amino acid point substitution prevents proper folding of the collagen triple helix. Polarized Raman spectroscopy was used to assess the orientations of bone mineral and collagen fibrils in Brittle and wild-type mice. Surprisingly, no significant differences between genotypes were detected. Finally, improvements to ex vivo, through-the-skin bone measurements on animal tissue are presented, along with an experimental study detailing the improvements to fiber spectra obtained by applying software corrections to coupling errors that arise in collection with fiber bundles.

Intelligent runtime tuning of parallel applications with control points

Dooley, Isaac J University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

The tuning of parallel programs on large distributed-memory machines today is usually a costly, and often extensive, manual process. Automatic tuning techniques can help reduce this manual burden. This dissertation investigates the utility of a new class of automatic tuning methods for large-scale parallel programs whereby each program exposes information about its behavior to the runtime system. This behavioral information enables a tuning framework to quickly find appropriate ways to reconfigure or steer the application towards better performance. This dissertation describes both new automatic tuning mechanisms within a parallel runtime system, and a new framework that automatically reconfigures the behavior or structure of the program through one or more control points. Control points are a novel type of tunable parameter provided by an application wherein it exposes tunable knobs and information about the behavioral effects expected to occur as each knob is varied in each direction. This behavioral information associated with each control point allows tuning algorithms to identify the direction in which a control point should be adjusted to fix observed performance problems. Multiple application case studies show that control points are useful mechanisms for dynamically reconfiguring applications to improve their performance. In these case studies, individual control points are examined to investigate how they can adjust diverse application behaviors including computational grain sizes, the amount of work offloaded to accelerators, the mapping of tasks to processors, the frequency of load balancing, and a communication throttling parameter.

Unheard and Unseen: Black Female Experience in North Carolina Schools “We’re Here Too.”

Dooley, Mary E ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

This exploratory qualitative research study was designed to explore the academic experiences of Black female adolescents attending schools in North Carolina schools. In addition to considering the role that racial identity, parental socialization (i.e., racial/cultural, academic, and gender socialization), and school connectedness play in these academic experiences, using Critical Race Theory and Critical Whiteness Studies lenses, this study investigated the ways in which Black female adolescents’ academic experiences in the North Carolina school system are impacted by: (a) the relationships they share with their teachers, peers, and other school personnel; (b) the curriculum, and (c) white supremacy. To explore these experiences, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine Black female adolescent rising high school seniors. The participants answered questions in order to learn more about the experiences in and perceptions of their time in the North Carolina school system. Three main themes emerged from the participants responses: (1) white supremacy, (2) intersectionality, and (3) resilience and strength. The development of interventions, programs, and professional development for better supporting Black female students may be assisted by the perspectives and themes found in this study. Implications for practice and future research are included.

Essays in Financial Intermediation

Dooley, John Michael Washington University in St. Louis ProQuest Disser 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

My dissertation focuses on two broad questions. First, how does access to income affect the credit decisions of households? Second, how do individuals affect the behavior of financial institutions and financial contract terms?In Chapter 1 with Emily Gallagher, we provide the first study of how access to plasma donation as a source of discretionary income affects households financially. In the United States, households donate plasma for compensation at a higher rate than they use payday, auto-title, rent-to-own, or pawn loans. Plasma donors are young, poorly educated, and financially vulnerable with limited access to households. We use the dramatic growth in plasma centers between 2014 and 2021 to study the causal effect of access to a plasma center. When households gain access to a plasma center, they materially decrease non-bank credit (i.e., payday and installment loan) inquiries and transactions. The credit response is driven entirely by young households. Access to income could affect a household’s non-bank credit by facilitating repayment or precautionary savings. We find no evidence that households repay payday loans faster or are less likely to apply for subsequent loans. The lack of evidence that credit utilization changes at the intensive margin suggests that households rely less on non-bank credit at the extensive margin by maintaining higher savings. Moreover, foot traffic at essential and non-essential establishments increases dramatically after a plasma center opens nearby. Thus, household consumption responds strongly to discretionary income.In Chapter 2, with Professors Kalda, Gopalan, and Manela, we explore whether bank examiners affect the banks they supervise. We find that examiner fixed effects explain significant variation in bank capital adequacy, asset quality, and earnings. We interpret this as evidence of examiner discretion, which is surprising since examiners enforce laws uniformly to ensure the safety and soundness of the financial system. Examiner effects explain nearly as much variation in firm actions as CEO fixed effects. Moreover, early career experiences affect how examiners supervise banks 25 years later. Banks significantly increase leverage, issue less equity, hold more delinquent loans, and charge-off loans slower if their examiner was trained during the savings and loan crisis.In Chapter 3, I study whether syndicated loan bankers affect credit terms. I collect a database of loan contracts and create profiles of bankers who sign syndicated loans. I measure the relationships between and experience of bankers that form each lending syndicate. Relationships between syndicate bankers are weakly associated with stricter performance covenants. The syndicate’s general and lender-specific experience is associated with higher loan costs and stricter covenants. Offsetting this, a syndicate with experience lending to a borrower’s industry or geographic region tends to extend credit at a lower cost with weaker covenants. The associations of loan cost with syndicate relationships and experience are stronger for small and high-risk borrowers.

Methodological challenges in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens

Dooley, Kelly Elise The Johns Hopkins University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second-leading cause of death by infection. Novel treatment strategies are critically needed to shorten the duration of TB therapy and treat drug-resistant TB. However, several issues hamper the evaluation of new TB regimens and, thus, the TB drug development effort. First, clinical trials evaluating treatment success without relapse are necessarily lengthy, complex, and expensive. Appropriate trial design, trial sequencing, and dosing decisions are not straightforward and depend on the proposed role of the experimental drug or drugs in a multi-drug TB regimen. Second, there are few trial-level surrogate markers of TB treatment success; those in current use have important limitations. Third, statistical methodologies commonly employed in TB trials are not maximally efficient or informative. This thesis presents original research in the field of TB with a specific focus on the evaluation of new TB therapeutics. First, a phase I clinical trial of two new TB drugs in healthy volunteers is presented to demonstrate how pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data can be used to inform and guide subsequent clinical trial design and dosing choices. Second, a longitudinal cohort study nested in a Phase II TB treatment trial is described. In this study, a new diagnostic test that may serve as a surrogate marker for TB treatment success without relapse is evaluated. The third study is a retrospective cohort study evaluating differences in TB treatment outcomes between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The study illustrates the use of two different statistical techniques to evaluate sputum culture conversion, a common surrogate for relapse. In summary, this thesis presents one clinical trial, one longitudinal cohort study nested in a clinical trial, and a retrospective cohort study, which have been published or submitted for publication. These studies address methodological challenges related to the evaluation of new TB therapeutics, with a focus on using PK/PD data to enhance drug evaluation and study design; the evaluation and use of new surrogate markers of treatment efficacy; and using informative and efficient statistical techniques.

Stereo digital particle image velocimetry investigation of a free surface mixing layer

Dooley, Bradley S California Institute of Technology 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Shear flows in the vicinity of a free surface are a problem with numerous applications, perhaps the most obvious being the wakes of seagoing surface vessels. The flow behind a full-scale ship is extremely complex---so much so that it is frequently more instructive to consider simpler cases highlighting particular elements of the larger problem. To that end, an experimental investigation has been conducted to study the behavior of a turbulent plane mixing layer intersecting a free surface at low Froude number. The local Reynolds number, based on the velocity differential across the layer and the momentum thickness, was approximately 10,000. The technique of Stereoscopic Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (SDPIV) was implemented to obtain instantaneous three-component velocity measurements within planar slices of the steady-state, spatially developing mixing layer flow. Guided by previous studies of the same flow conditions, specific depths were chosen at a single downstream station for investigation---specifically those in and around counter-rotating streamwise vortices known to exist in the mean flow very near the free surface. 3,000 consecutive SDPIV image pairs were recorded at a rate of 15 per second at each location, giving ample data for Reynolds decomposition and spectral analysis of the velocity fields. The present study has found that the anisotropy known to exist in some other free surface flows, such as surface-parallel submerged jets, is also present in the case of the mixing layer. Power spectra of all three velocity components are shown to capture part of the inertial subrange; the isotropic energy cascade seen to be present away from the free surface is also seen to disappear near the surface, as surface-normal velocity fluctuations are severely attenuated. Additionally, a low-frequency spanwise oscillation is deduced from the velocity power spectra and cospectra in the immediate vicinity of the mean streamwise vortices. Not present at all at significant depth, the motions at this frequency are also observed to markedly decrease---in all components---at locations closer to the surface. These observations appear to have both parallels and key differences compared to previously observed meandering of model boat wakes, and the possibility that the oscillation stems from the vortex-pair instability is discussed.

An exploration of learning: Beginning teachers building knowledge about culture and literacy

Dooley, Caitlin Elizabeth McMunn The University of Texas at Austin 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of the study was to explore what and how teachers learn in a course that integrates topics about reading and writing methods for instruction with socio-political issues related to culturally responsive education (as advocated by Sleeter, 2001). Eight beginning teachers participated in this qualitative study in which the researcher acted as participant-observer in their teacher education course titled, "Literacy Methods for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students." Research questions that guided the study inquired what and how do the teachers learn. In-class observations and field notes, class artifacts, out-of-class focus group transcripts, and individual interviews provided data for inductive and deductive analyses (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Strauss & Corbin, 1991). Conceptual modeling was used to represent the teachers' cognitive processing of course related information (Britt, 1997). Two case studies offer individualized accounts of the learning process. Findings indicate that teachers' learning began with dialogic echoing of course-related ideas and could proceed as teachers integrated those ideas within their own conceptions about culture, literacy, relational connections, and equitable educational opportunities, and conceptual mapping shows how this cognitive process took place. Study findings also suggest that learning takes place when sources for knowledge are acknowledged and accepted by learners and when those sources are the subject of response and cognitive tension and/or integration. Viewing learning as a developmental process as well as an on-going, reciprocal process of understanding aided in the examination and description of data. Further examination of courses integrating methods instruction and socio-political agendas is necessary.