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Dongryul Kim,Woo-Yeong Kim,Suhyeok An,Eunchong Baek,Ki-Seung Lee,Chun-Yeol You 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1
Dynamics of the Domain Wall (DW) has been actively investigated because of its possibility for future memory and logic devices. Up to recently, there are several suggestions for logic and memory devices which is based on DW dynamics including the racetrack memory, especially, Spin Torque Majority Gate (STMG) for logic devices which have logic state assigned by the configuration of magnetization. Plenty of struggles have been tried to reduce the operation energy in the field of DW based devices. One of them is to modulate the geometry of the propagation line of DW. The energy decreases as the magnetic DW propagates to a narrow region of a trapezoidal shaped wire. In the point of view of the STMG operating principle, the transmit direction of logic state is not necessary to move reversibly. Then we can designate domain wall energy reduction direction as a flow direction of information. It means that STMG with a change structure take advantage of smaller operating energy. To identify DW energy is affected by shape, we choose a Pt (5 nm)/Co (1.2 nm)/Pt (4 nm) heterostructure film that has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with the trapezoidal shaped wire, which is designed to be 30, 40 and 50 degrees. Here we experimentally confirmed that the finite effective field which push DW to the narrow wire region exists, and the effective field increases as the trapezoidal angle increases. Ultimately, if we find the optimal condition for the trapezoidal pattern size and angle to get large enough effective field, DW even can move spontaneously without the externally driving field or current.
Development of donepezil-induced hypokalemia following treatment of cognitive impairment
( Dongryul Kim ),( Hye Eun Yoon ),( Hoon Suk Park ),( Seok Joon Shin ),( Bum Soon Choi ),( Byung Soo Kim ),( Tae Hyun Ban ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2021 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.38 No.1
Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used extensively to treat Alzheimer disease. The increased cholinergic activity is associated with adverse effects, therefore gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are common. Hypokalemia is a rare adverse event that occurs in less than 1% of donepezil-treated patients. Although hypokalemia of mild and moderate grade does not present serious signs and symptoms, severe hypokalemia often results in prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Herein, we report a case of hypokalemia developed after the initiation of donepezil therapy for cognitive impairment.
Sorafenib-triggered radiation recall dermatitis with a disseminated exanthematous reaction
Dongryul Oh,Hee Chul Park,Ho Yeong Lim,Byung Chul Yoo 대한방사선종양학회 2013 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.31 No.3
Sorafenib is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, which is the current standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Only one case of radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) associated with sorafenib has been reported so far. Our patient with recurrent HCC was treated with palliative radiotherapy (RT) for the chest wall mass. Sorafenib at 400 mg twice daily was begun on the day following RT. On the 14th day post-RT, an erythematous patch was observed on right chest wall which matched area previously irradiated. It was consistent with RRD. Ten days later, a disseminated exanthematous rash and severe pruritus occurred. Sorafenib was stopped and an oral antihistamine was prescribed to relieve symptoms. At the 1-week follow-up after the cessation of sorafenib, all symptoms were resolved. Physicians should be alert to this recall phenomenon as it can occur both in the skin and elsewhere and the occurrence of RRD may be unpredictable.