16세기 서기(徐起)의 학문적 다양성

이동인 ( Lee¸ Dong-in ) 한국사상사학회 2021 韓國思想史學 Vol.- No.67

이 논문은 화담학파(花潭學派)의 학자 고청 서기(徐起)의 학문 내용을 백가중기(百家衆技), 불교, 성리학으로 나누어 연구한 것이다. 생애를 크게 전기와 후기로 나누고 시기별 지적 편력에 따라 고찰한 것이다. 그는 20대까지 호서(湖西)의 내포지역(內浦地域)에서 불교와 백가중기를 섭렵하고, 20대~30대에는 이지함(李之菡)과 이중호(李仲虎)를 만나 성리학에 입문하고, 50대에는 공주(公州)에 공암서원(孔巖書院)을 세워 문인을 양성하였다. 그의 학문 내용은 다음과 같이 3가지로 요약해서 말할 수 있다. 첫째 서기는 내포지역 불교문화의 영향을 받았다. 그는 젊은 시절 홍주(洪州)에 살면서 주변 사찰에 오가며 불경(佛經)이나 선서(禪書)를 접했던 것으로 보인다. 시대적으로 16세기 지방사회는 중앙과 달리 불교의 영향력이 상당했던 것에 유의할 필요가 있다. 그는 최치원과 인연이 깊은 성주사(聖住寺)나 김시습(金時習)이 말년을 보낸 무량사(無量寺)와 같이 당시에 활발하게 활동하던 사찰과 지리적으로 가까운 곳에 거주하였다. 묘갈명은 그가 불교를 흠모했다고 했으며, 묘표는 그를 거사(居士)로 기억했다. 18세기 불교에 조예가 깊었던 김창흡(金昌翕)은 그를 승려 영관(靈觀)과 같은 부류라고 평가했다. 둘째 서기는 천문과 지리 등 다양한 학문 분야를 경험하였다. 박지화는 이를 백가중기라고 표현했다. 처사성(處士星)이 남쪽으로 이동하는 것을 관측하고 송익필(宋翼弼)이 보은(報恩)으로 왔다고 해석했다거나 「동방분야도(東方分野圖)」를 제작했던 일화에서 천문학의 지식이 상당했음을 확인할 수 있다. 그가 입향조인 공주 공암리에 남아있는 비보풍수(裨補風水)의 흔적에서 풍수지리에 밝았음을 엿볼 수 있다. 도교에 정통했던 정렴이나 박지화와 친교가 깊었고, 노인성(老人星)을 보러 제주도로 여행한 것에서 도교문화의 영향을 짐작할 수 있다. 셋째 서기의 사서(四書) 해석은 명대(明代)의 학술 사조에 영향을 받았다. 그의 _대학_ 전6장과 전10장의 해석이 주희의 정통적인 해석과 다르다는 점에서 명대의 주석서를 보았을 가능성이 높다. 또한 조선후기 경학사에서 지속적으로 논의되었던 것도 이와 관련있는 것으로 보인다. Discussed in this article is the work of an individual named Seo Gi(徐 起, Pen-name Gocheong), who was an academician of the Hwadam school(花潭學派). His work spanned over three different areas: Baekga Junggi(百家衆技), Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism. We can divide his life into two different time periods, over which he displayed different academic aspirations and interests. Until his 20s, he studied Buddhism and Baekga Junggi in the Naepo(內浦) area of the Hoseo(湖西) region, and in his 20s and 30s he studied Neo-Confucianism under Yi Ji-ham (李之菡) and Yi Jung-ho(李仲虎). Later in his 50s, he taught students at the Gong’am Seoweon(孔巖書院) school, which he founded in Gongju(公州). A lifetime of his own academic traits can be explained with three distinctive characteristics. First, Seo Gi was influenced by Naepo area’s Buddhist culture. In his youth, he lived in Hongju(洪州) and frequented nearby Buddhist monasteries, where he would regularly read Buddhist texts(佛經) and Zen manuals(禪書). At the time, at least in local regions Buddhism maintained quite an influence on the people’s lives throughout the 16th century. His residence was close to ancient monasteries, such as Seongju-sa(聖住寺, which had a history with the renowned Choi Chiweon/ 崔致遠 of Shilla) and Mu’ryang-sa(無量寺, where Kim Shi-seub/ 金時習 of Joseon spent his last days), which were all active Buddhist monasteries at the time. It is also recorded in his tomb epitaph (Myogal-myeong) that he was a deep believer in Buddhism, and he is also recorded as a Master(居士). Kim Chang-heub(金昌翕), an 18th century Joseon figure who was well versed in Buddhism, praised Seo Gi as an individual in the league of Buddhist priest Yeong’gwan(靈觀). Second, Seo Gi had extensive experiences in various areas of study, including astronomy and geography. Park Ji-hwa once described Seo Gi’s such expertise as ‘Baekga Junggi.’ Seo Gi’s understanding in astronomy was apparent from his observation of the Cheosa-seong(處士 星) star moving south and interpreting it as a phenomenon equivalent of “Song Ik-pil(宋翼弼)’s coming to Bo’eun(報恩),” as well as his creation of 「Dongbang Bun’ya-do(東方分野圖, astromonical chart)」. Meanwhile, his honed knowledge in Pungsu(風水) Geography can be seen from certain vestiges that suggest Bibo Pungsu(裨補風水) practices in Gongju region’s Gong’am-ri area, where his ancestor came to settle down for the very first time. He was also closely acquainted with Jeong Ryeom or Park Ji-hwa, who were all figures highly trained in Taoist activities, and showed himself his affection for Taoism when he traveled to the Jeju-do island just to see the “Elderly Star(老人星).” Third, Seo Gi’s interpretation of the Four Classics(Saseo, 四書) was clearly influenced by the academic trends of the Chinese Ming(明) era. His translation of Daehak’s Chapters 6 (Jeon 6) and 10 (Jeon 10) actually differs from that of Ju Hi(朱熹), which had been believed as the orthodox interpretation of the text. This suggests that Seo Gi may have consulted annotations of the Ming era. His take on the subject matter may also have had something to do with several issues that continued to be discussed during the Joseon period’s latter half, particularly over classical texts.

Issuance of Certificate based on the high density 2 dimensional barcode encoding and decoding

Dongin-Lee,Shinbum-Oh,Chaewook-Lee,Hongchae-Woo 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.2

Si V-groove를 이용한 광섬유와 Photodiode결합에서의 Beam Profile과 결합효율에 대한 이론적 연구

금동인(Dongin Keum),민성욱(Sung-wook Min),이병호(Byoungho Lee) 대한전기학회 1995 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1995 No.7

기후변화 적응체계의 신뢰도 평가 방법론 연구

조동인(Dongin Cho),박창근(ChangKeun Park),박지영(Jiyoung Park),강진원(Jinwon Kang) 한국기술혁신학회 2019 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

현재 국제사회에서 논의되는 중요한 의제 중 하나로 기후변화 문제를 들 수 있다. 기후변화로 발생하는 영향을 지역수준에서 평가하고 그에 따른 적응대책을 적절하게 수립하기 위해서는 기후변화 대책에 대한 평가가 전제되어야 한다. 이를 위해 다양한 기후변화 적응대책 평가 방법론이 제안되고 있으나, 평가 관련 신뢰성 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법론이 부족하다. 이와 같은 상황에서 본 연구의 목적은 기후변화에 따른 미래 예측 시 각 지역별 및 부문별 적응대책의 평가 결과를 활용하는데 신뢰성을 제공할 수 있도록 표준화된 신뢰도 평가체계 방법론을 제안하는 것이다. 본 연구는 다양한 정성적 혹은 정량적 방법과 함께 현실내재적 메커니즘을 활용하여 평가체계의 신뢰도 평가 모형을 개발 할 때, 신뢰도 평가가 탄력적으로 고려될 수 있도록 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 통합적 평가방법론의 신뢰도 평가체계는 기후변화로 인한 다양한 대응책 평가에 대해 신뢰도를 제공하기 때문에 평가된 결과를 기후변화 적응대책에 실질적으로 적용할 수 있는 근거가 될 것으로 기대한다. 이러한 신뢰도 평가모형은 향후 기후변화 대응책의 신뢰성을 표준화해서 국내 실정에 맞는 적응정책 신뢰도 평가가 가능하게 할 것이다. 또한 한국형 기후변화 적응대책 수립 및 평가 시 과학적 근거에 기반을 둔 신뢰성을 제공한다는 측면이 본 연구의 중요성을 강조한다. Climate change is one of most dominantly discussed issues in the world. Evaluating the effect of climate change at a regional level and setting up an appropriate adaptation policy for issues associated with climate change require a proper evaluation process on the climate change adaptation projects implemented already. Although various evaluation approaches to climate change adaptation programs have been proposed, it is rare to find a proper systematic approach to evaluating the reliability on climate change adaptation programs. Under the current situation on the system to evaluate climate change adaptation programs, the purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical and standardized evaluation system on the reliability of climate change adaptation programs. The new approach suggested in this paper will be appropriate when requiring a confidence level for adaptation programs that are especially localized and categorized. Using various quantified and qualified evaluation methods with the inherent reality mechanism, we provide a conceptual framework to measure the reliability of climate change adaptation programs with the flexible adjustment process. Via the proposed framework, it is possible to provide the confidence level on the results collected from the evaluation systems and construct a standardized, system-wide assement procedure toward climate change adaptation policies. By applying this approach for a scientific evidence on the reliability of climate change adaptation policies, appropriate and efficient climate change adaptation programs will be properly prepared for and implemented in Korea.

A Hybrid PLL Using Low-Power GRO-TDC for Reduced In-Band Phase Noise

Kim, Dongin,Cho, Seonghwan IEEE 2019 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. a publi Vol.66 No.2

<P>In this brief, we propose a hybrid phase locked loop (PLL) which employs a coarse resolution gated ring oscillator time-to-digital converter in the digital integral (I) path and a switched RC circuit in the analog proportional (P) path, which provide lower in-band noise than a bang-bang phase detector-based hybrid PLL (BB-HPLL). We also present noise analysis of the proposed PLL which shows that in-band noise can be further reduced by increasing the integral path gain, which is contrary to conventional design of BB-HPLLs where I path gain is minimized. A prototype chip fabricated in the 65-nm CMOS achieves 13-dB improvement of in-band phase noise compared to a conventional hybrid PLL and 2.08 ps<SUB>rms</SUB> jitter at 4.8 GHz, while consuming 2.22 mW from a 1.0-V supply.</P>

머신텐딩을 위한 그리퍼 파지점 데이터셋 설계

신동인(Dongin Shin),정병진(Byungjin Jung),김태근(Tae-Keun Kim),전세웅(Sewoong Jun),황정훈(Jung-Hoon Hwang) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

복층터널 중간슬래브의 지지조건에 따른 지진 응답특성

장동인(Dongin Jang),김종일(Jongill Kim),곽창원(Changwon Kwak),박인준(Innjoon Park) 한국지반환경공학회 2017 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.18 No.5

우리나라는 제한된 국토 면적에 비해 인구 밀도가 높고 그에 따른 교통량 증가로 인한 효율적인 공간 이용의 필요성이 시급하다. 이를 위해 여러 가지 지하구조물의 건설이 증가하고 있으며 그 대표적인 것이 복층터널이다. 복층터널 내에는 상, 하부차도를 구분하는 중간슬래브가 있고 이러한 중간슬래브는 차량하중 및 지진하중에 의한 동적거동을 보이게 된다. 특히 지진에 의한 응답특성은 하중의 크기도 클뿐더러 작용 메커니즘이 매우 복잡하고 이론적인 접근이 쉽지 않아 실험적 연구가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복층터널 중간슬래브 지지조건에 따른 지진 시 응답특성을 파악하기 위하여 진동대 시험을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 중간슬래브의 양쪽 지지단을 모두 고정, 한쪽 탄성지지, 양쪽 탄성지지의 3가지 경우로 나누어 각각 인공지진파 및 경주실지진파의 2가지 지진파를 적용하여 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 양단 고정 조건에 비하여 양단 탄성지지 조건일 경우 가속도 응답이 인공지진파에서 최대 약 41%, 경주실지진파에서 최대 약 71% 감소함을 확인하였다. It is critical for Korea to make effective use of limited space as it has dense population and high traffic volume compared to its terrestrial area. To resolve this issue, diverse types of underground structures have increasingly been applied so far, and one of the most representative structures is double-deck tunnel. It has upper and lower roads separated by middle slab that shows dynamic behavior according to the vehicle and earthquake loads. In case of the characteristics of earthquake response, it is necessary to have exploratory study as it has high loads, complex working mechanism, and difficult theoretical approach. In order to understand the characteristics of earthquake response based on the supporting conditions of middle slab in double-deck tunnel, this study conducts indoor shaking table test with 3 test cases: (1) fix both brackets, (2) free and fix at each bracket and (3) free at both brackets for 2 seismic waves of artificial and Gyeongju earthquake. The result shows if the middle slab is free at both brackets, the acceleration response is reduced 41% for artificial earthquake and 71% for Gyeongju earthquake compared to the one with fix at both brackets.

Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Polymerase Chain Reaction Chip Using Dry Film Resist on Glass Substrate

Lee, Dongin,Kong, Daeyoung,Kang, Taewook,Cho, Chanseob,Lee, Jonghyun,Jeoung, Nam Ho,Lee, Byeungleul,Kim, Bonghwan American Scientific Publishers 2013 Advanced science letters Vol.19 No.5

Validation of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale and Relationship With Insomnia or Depression Among Healthcare Workers Who Witnessed Patient’s Death in COVID-19 Pandemic

Lee Dongin,Kamaleddine Issa,Cho Inn-Kyu,Ahmed Oli,Cho Eulah 대한수면학회 2022 sleep medicine research Vol.13 No.3

Background and Objective We tested the psychometric properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale among healthcare workers who experienced patients’ deaths.Methods From June 2nd to 10th, 2022, an anonymous, online survey was administered to medical doctors and nursing professionals who witnessed the deaths of patients they cared for during the last two years. Participants demographic characteristics and responses to the SAVE-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were collected.Results A total of 267 responses were collected in this survey. The two-factor model of the SAVE-9 fits well among healthcare workers who witnessed patients’ death (CFI = 1.000, GFI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.000, RSMR = 0.040). The SAVE-9 scale showed good reliability of internal consistency and convergent validity with the GAD-7 (r = 0.429, p = 0.001), PHQ-9 score (r = 0.414, p = 0.001), and ISI (r = 0.368, p = 0.001).Conclusions We observed that the SAVE-9 and its two subscales were valid and reliable tools for measuring work-related stress and viral anxiety among healthcare workers who witnessed the death of their patients.

Conjugate Heat Transfer and Heat Flow Paths from a Simulated Electronic Chip

Ju, Dongin,Jung, Hongchul,Kim, Byungchul CHOSUN UNIVERSITY 1997 Basic Science and Engineering Vol.1 No.1

An experimental and numerical studies on the conjugate heat transfer and heat flow paths from a vertical channel with simulated electronic chip were investigated. The numerical results has been performed by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and energy equation simultaneously with SIMPLE algorithm imbedied in TEACH code. The experimental has been proceed using the vertical channel with movable inner plates. LDA system and T type thermocouples and thermometer were used measuring each properties in this experiment. Under the various parameters (4.88 x 10⁴< Gr< 1.15x10?, 420< Re<320, 20 < H<40) the flow and temperature characteristics are verified. And the optimum value of Re, Gr, thermal conductivity of block, are given to keep the temperature as desired.