TFD 소자의 전기적 특성에 관한 상위전극의 영향

최희동,이명재,고동완,곽성관,김동식,정관수 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2002 레이저공학 Vol.13 No.-

In this work, we examined the electrical and mechanical characteristics of TFD devices for various top electrode materials by measuring barrier height and performing ASE depth profile. It was found that the shift of current-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of TFD device depends on the top electrode material. The main reason of the asymmetry in Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve was the differences in barrier height of top and bottom electrodes, and chemical composition at the interface region between top electrode and insulator layer also was important reason. The barrier heights(φ_B) evaluated from temperature dependence of the Ⅰ-Ⅴ relation are 0.7795(Al) 1.0287(Ti) and 1.2928(Ta) eV.

Effect of Developmental Lead Exposure on the Expression of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunit mRNA

Kim, Tae-Wan,Chung, In-Sung,Bae, Jae-Hoon,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Joon-Sik 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: in vivo 및 vitro에서 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연 폭로 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 흰쥐 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 NR2A, NR2B 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연의 영향은 정상군과 연 폭로군의 출생 후 7일, 14일, 22일 흰쥐의 해마에서 in situ hybridization으로 mRNA 발현 정도를 densitometer로 측정하여 비교하였고, 연과 NMDA 의 세포독성은 해마 신경세포 일차배양 후 도립현미경을 이용한 형태학적인 관찰과 LDH 활성도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 연 과 NMDA 에 의한 세포독성에 대한 in vitro 실험에서 형태학적 소견과 LDH 활성도에서 해마 미성숙 신경세포와 성숙 신경세포사이의 차이가 있었으므로, 연과 NMDA 독성효과는 해마 신경세포의 발달 단계에 따라 차이가 있다. 정상군의 해마에서의 NR2A mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나, NR2B mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나 NR2B mRNA 발현은 연령의 증가에 따른 변화가 없었다. 연 폭로에 희한 NR2A mRNA 발현은 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05), NR2B mRNA 발현은 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 만성적 연 폭로는 NR2A를 포함하는 NMDA 수용체를 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론: 연은 해마신경세포의 발생단계에서 NMDA 수용체 아단위 특히 NR2A mRNA 발현의 변화를 야기하여 시냅스 신호 전달에 영향을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. Hippocampus

제주방언(濟州方言) 청자(聽者) 경어법(敬語法)의 형태 원리

한동완 ( Han Dong-wan ) 한국어문교육연구회 2002 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.30 No.3

이 글은 韓東完(1988)에서 설정된 韓國語의 聽者 敬語法 原理가 濟州 方言에도 적용 가능한가를 검토한 논의이다. 제주 방언의 聽者 敬語法 等級speech level에는 ‘□서體’, ‘□여體’, ‘□리體’가 있는데, ‘□여體’와 ‘□라體’는 어말어미의 意味기능 차이에 의해 聽者 待遇의 效果的 意味가 달라진 것으로 설명하였다. ‘□서體’는 선어말어미 ‘-우-’系列과 ‘-(으)ㅂ-’系列의 두 가지가 있는데, ‘-우-’系列은 사적으로 볼 때 중세국어의 ‘-□-’과 ‘-이-’의 결합형에서 발전한 것으로, 그리고 ‘-(으)ㅂ-’系列은 ‘-□-’에 遡及되는 것으로 설명하였다. 그리하여 제주 방언에도 韓國語의 청자 경어법 원리가 그대로 適用 可能하다는 것을 밝힐 수 있었다. 따라서 청자 경어법의 문법 범주에 있어서 제주 방언도 한국어의 일반적이고 보편적인 원리에 例外가 아니라는 것을 확인한 셈이다. The purpose of this article is to test whether principles of Korean humble honorifics proposed by Han, Dong-wan(1988) can be applied to the humble honorifics of Jeju Dialect or not. The speech levels of the humble honorifics of Jeju Dialect are divided to three levels: ‘hΛp-s□’ [Level Ⅰ], ‘hΛ-y□’[Level Ⅱ], and ‘hΛ-ra’[Level Ⅲ]. Level Ⅱ is considered to be higher than Level Ⅲ due to the different meanings of final endings used; Level Ⅰ is thought to be the highest. In Level I, there are two pre-final endings, ‘-u-’ and ‘-(i)p-’. In the paper it is argued ‘-u-’ and ‘-(i)p-’ were developed from the complex endings ‘-sΛp-’ and ‘-ŋi-’, and ‘-sΛp-’, respectively, all of which were pre-final endings of humble honorifics in Middle Korean. That is why ‘-u-’ and ‘-(i)p-’ can be the form of highest humble honorifics. It is concluded that the principles for Korean humble hornofics are true of the humble honorifics Jeju Dialect as well.

동종 조혈모세포이식 후 발생한 크립토콕쿠스 척추염 1예

고윤호,임동준,이성수,조유경,이동건,최정현,김유진,민창기,김동욱,박정미,김춘추,신완식 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Skeletal cryptococcosis is an uncommon infection. Cryptococcus is a common cause of meningitis and infects 7∼10% of patients with AIDS. As well as AIDS, the infection may be seen in association with leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and diabetes, also in patients on steroid medication. But there is no case report of skeletal cryptococcosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of low back pain. She had chronic myelogenous leukemia for 2 years and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 8 months ago. She have been treated with steroid and cyclosporine orally because of chronic graft versus host disease. On examination she was afebrile and had posterior lower lumbar tenderness. But, she had no reduced strength of low extremities. Open biopsy was underwent. Histology demonstrated budding, round-to-oval, refractile yeast-like organisms within debris. The results of a lumbar puncture were unremarkable and cerebrospinal fluid culture failed to grow bacteria and yeast. The patient was treated with amphotericin B (1 gram) and AmBisome□ (2.8 gram) over 6 weeks. Three months after cessation of therapy, the patient was doing well.(Korean J Infect Dis 33:298∼301, 2001)

뇌출혈이 합병된 감염성 심내막염 1례

박동건,이재욱,권삼,이동철,강승완 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.2

감염성심내막염에 의한 신경계 합병증은 색전성 뇌경색, 색전성 뇌출혈, 두개내 패혈성 동맥류, 뇌농양, 뇌막염등 다양한데 항생제 요법의 발달과 판막치환술에도 불구하고 그 빈도는 감소되지 않고 있다. 이 중 두개내 패혈성 동맥류의 파열에 의한 뇌출혈은 사망률이 80%로 치명적일 수 있어 조기 발견 및 적절한 치료가 필요하다. 저자들은 두통, 열감, 근육통 등의 증상으로 내원하여 감염성 심내막염으로 진단받고, 항생제 치료로 임상증세의 호전중에 심한 두통과 전신적 발작이 있은 후 갑자기 발생한 두개내 뇌출혈을 심장초음파 및 뇌 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 통하여 진단, 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The complications of infective endocarditis may involve any organ system ie, cardia, neurologic, vascular, dermatologic, and kidney. Extracardiac complications are usually caused by either embolization of vegetations or deposition of immune complexes. Neurologic complications remain a significant problem in bacterial endocarditis and have been reported to occur in up to 20% to 40% of cases of infective endocarditis. The various types of central nervous system disease seen in patients with infective endocarditis are cerebral embolism (with infarction or with intracerebral hemorrhage), intracranial mycotic aneurysm, seizures, brain abscess, meningitis, mental change, psychiatric disorder. Mycotic aneurysms are uncommon but not rare and are an important cause of local or systemic sepsis and acute hemorrhage following aneurysmal rupture. Cerebral mycotic aneurysms have been noted in 2∼10% of cases of bacterial endocarditis and account for 2.5∼6.2% of all intracerebral aneurysms. We have experienced a case of neurologic complication due to infective endocarditis in a 23 year-old female patient, who admitted to our hospital because of fever, chill, headache, myalgia. This case was diagnosed by echocardiography, brain computed tomography. The patient died of sudden intracerebral hemorrhage in the 53th hospital day despite intensive medical treatment. We report one case of intracerebral hemorrhage complicated with infective endocarditis.

저농도 실내공기 정화를 위한 염소화 및 방향족 탄화수소의 광촉매 분해

조완근,권기동,최상준,송동익 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.9

This study evaluated the technical feasibility of the application of TiO₂ photocatalysis for the removal of volatile hydrocarbons(VHC) at low ppb concentrations commonly associated with non-occupational indoor air quality issues. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate five parameters (relative humidity (RH), hydraulic diameter (HD), feeding type (FT) of VHC, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor material (RM), and inlet port size (IPS) of PCO reactor) for the PCO destruction efficiencies of the selected target VHC. None of the target VHC presented significant dependence on the RH, which are inconsistent with a certain previous study that reported that under conditions of low humidity and a ppm toluene inlet level, there was a drop in the PCO efficiency with decreasing humidity. However, it is noted that the four parameters (HD, RM, FT and IPS) should be considered for better VHC removal efficiencies for the application of TiO₂ photocatalytic technology for cleansing non-occupational indoor air. The PCO destruction of VHC at concentrations associated with non-occupational indoor air quality issues can be up to nearly 100%. The amount of CO generated during PCO were a negligible addition to the indoor CO levels. These abilities can make the PCO reactor an important tool in the effort to improve non-occupational indoor air quality.

석유정제산업 공정과 공정장비에 기인한 휘발성 유해 대기오염물질(HAPs)의 배출량 산정기법

조완근,권기동,동종인,강경희 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.7

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

마이크로 가스센서의 열해석

정완영,이상윤,임준우,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Thermal analyses for typical stack-type and newly proposed planar-type micro-gas sensors were accomplished. The thermal analyses for the proposed planar structure including temperature distribution over the sensing layer and power consumption of the heater were carried by finite element method and well compared with those of typical stack-type micro-gas sensor. The thermal properties of the microsensor from thermal simulation were tested to investigate the applicability of the heater to a real device.

전신마취하의 동맥혈 및 정맥혈의 PCO₂, pH 및 O₂Saturation의 비교관찰

김완식,박동호 漢陽大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) & pH are basic indices of the adequacy of ventilation in anesthetized patient. Obstacles to the use of these indices intraoperatively are the inconvenience and risks associated with obtaining arterial blood, especially in the iufant. Venous blood samples may be obtained conveniently repeatedly and without additional hazard. If venous rather than arterial blood could be used for indirect estimation of pH and PaCO2, it would encourage the use of such measurements. The venous blood drawn from back of hand or distal third of forearm is derived principally from cutaneous blood flow, which is usually increased by general anesthesis or local heating. This study compares the values for PCO2, pH and O2 saturation of blood samples drawn from a radial or femoral artery and a vein on the back of hand during general anesthesia, preanesthesia and in recovery room postanesia.

2-구획 인공 모세혈관 모델을 이용한 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 임상균주에 대한 Panipenem의 효과

이동건,전혜선,최수미,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.4

목적 : Panipenem은 일본에서 개발된 카바페넴계 항생제로 광범위한 항균력을 나타낸다고 보고되고 있지만 P. aeruginosa에 대해서는 아직 논란이 있다. 본 연구에서는 임상에서 분리된 P. aeruginosa 균주를 대상으로 사람의 약역학을 모의할 수 있는 시험관내 역동 모델을 이용하여 panipenem (PAPM)과 imipenem (IMPM)의 효과를 비교하고 Muller-Hinton broth (MHB)와 basic amino acid 함량이 적은 배지(Minimum Broth Davis, MBD)에 효과의 차이가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 혈액에서 분리된 P. aeruginosa SGP14 균주를 대상으로 하였다. 사람의 약동학을 모의할 수 있는 2-구획 인공 모세혈관 모델(two-compartment model)을 제작하였고, 세균이 peripheral compartment에서 반감기에 따라 농도가 변하고 있는 항생제에 노출되고, 접종한 세균의 수는 희석되지 않게 하였다. PAPM과 IMPM의 용량은 500mg씩 하루 2회를 모의하도록 하였고 2일간 실험하였다. Panipenem, imipenem의 반감기는 사람의 약역학과 같이 10시간에 맞추었다. 항생제 투여 간격은 panipenem, imipenem 모두 12시간으로 하였고 각 항생제의 최고 및 최저농도는 사람에 투여했을 때의 혈중농도에 맞추었다(panipenem 각각 45.6, 0 ug/mL, imipenem 각각 33.0, 0 ug/mL). 배지는 MHB와 MBD를 사용하였고 4군으로 나누어 실험하였다. [PAPM (MHB), PAPM (MBD), IMPM (MHB), IMPM (MBD)] peripheral compartment에서 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48시간에 맞춰 샘플을 하였고 집락수 (cfu/mL)를 측정하였다. 결과 : SGP14에 대한 PMPM, IMPM의 MIC는 각각 64, 2 ug/mL이었다. PAPM (MHB)는 2시간이 지나면서 다시 자라기 시작하여 32시간째부터는 항생제를 사용하지 않은 대조군과 같은 곡선을 보였다. 12시간까지의 집락수 변화는 4가지 실험군에서 군간 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았지만(P=0073) 군내의 PAPM (MHB)가 PAPM(MBD), IMPM (MBD)와 비교하여 집락수 변화가 유의하게 작았다. 또한 48시간까지의 집락수 변화는 PAPM(MBD)이 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 IMPM (MHB), IMPM(MBD)였으며, PAPM(MHB) 순이었다(P=000). 48시간까지 집락수 변화는 IMPM (MHB)와 IMPM (MBD)사이에 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 사람의 혈청내 basic amino acid 농도와 PAPM의 농도를 모의하도록 한 2-구획 인공 모세혈관 모델에서 PAPM은 IMPM과 비교하여 P. aeruginosa에 대해 비슷하거나(12시간째) 더 나은 살균력을 보였다(48시간째). 추후 본 실험의 결과와 실제 임상에서의 P. aeruginosa에 대한 panipenem의 효과를 비교해보는 것이 필요하겠다. Background : Panipenem (PAPM) is a new carbapenem which has an enhanced broad spectrum activity against both gram-positive and negative organisms. However, its activities in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are still under controversy. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of PAPM with those of imipenem (IMPM) against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa using in vitro kinetic model and to evaluate the differences according to the quantity of basic amino acid in media. Materials and methods : Using a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa (SGP14) from blood, an in vitro 2-compartment artificial capillary model based on a dialyzer unit was prepared. Antibiotics were given as a bolus q12 hrs for 48 hrs. Simulated doses and frequencies of PAPM and IMPM were 500 mg q12 hrs as approved by Korea Food and Drug Administration. Muller-Hinton broth (MHB) and minimal broth Davis (MBD) were used as culture media and we divided the experiments into 4 groups [PAPM (MHB), PAPM (MBD), IMPM (MHB), IMPM (MBD)]. At 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 32, and 48 h, samples were removed from peripheral compartment and viable bacterial counts were measured. Results : The susceptibility of PAPM and IMPM for SGP14 were 64 and 2 ug/mL in MHB and 4 and 2 ug/mL in MBD, respectively. Up until 12 hours, changes in bacterial colony counts were not significantly different (P=0.073) for each group. However among the four groups, PAPM (MHB) showed the least changes compared with PMPM (MBD), IMPM (MBD). The largest decrement of colony during 48 hours was observed with PMPM (MBD), followed by IMPM (MHB) or IMPM (MBD), and PAPM (MHB) in decreasing order (P=0.00). There were no differences between IMPM (MHB) and IMPM (MBD) as for the change in colony counts. Conclusions : The bactericidal activities of panipenem against the clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa was similar (at 12 h) or superior (at 48 h) to that of imipenem in an in vitro 2-compartment artificial capillary model using minimal broth to simulate human serum drug concentrations.