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이동선,김수현,이윤중 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1990 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-
항생물질 cefazolin(CZH)의 산-염기 해리반응에 관해 실험하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전위차법으로 25℃에서 측정한 CZH의 pKa 값은 3.78(±0.05) 이었다. 전도도법으로 측정한 경우 pKa=3.75였으며, [CZNa]/[CZH] = 1.00의 완충용액으로 측정하였을 때에는 pKa = 3.41이었다. 2. CZNa+CZH 혼합용액의 전기 전도도는 [CZNa] 농도가 증가될수록 공통이온외 영향으로 약간씩 감소되었다. 3. CZH의 용해도는 92.8mg/100mL이고, 해리도는 0.4650으로 산출되었다. 4. CZH의 pKa 값은 5~50℃ 범위에서 커다란 변화가 없었다. 5. CZH 산해리반응을 열역학적으로 고찰할 때, ΔG°=+19.995kJ/mol이었다. 따라서 CZH 외 난용성을 증명할 수 있었다. 6. 산-염기 분율조성을 고찰한 결과 pH<3.78의 수용액중에서는 산성형 CZH가 주된 화학종이고 pH>3.78인 용액중에서는 염기형인 CZ^(-)가 주된 화학종임을 알았다. 7. 5% 포도당 주사액중에서는 CZH가, Hartman용액중에서는 CZ^(-)가 주된 화학종이며, 생리식염 주사액중에서는 두 화학종이 비숫하게 분포하였다. 8. 생체액중에서의 CZH거동을 고찰한 결과 동맥혈, 정맥혈, 안방수, 누액, 십이지장, 회장, 소장 등에서는 99%이상 CZ^(-)형태로 분포하고, 위장에서는 약 99%가 CZH형태로 분포하리라 추정되었다. 9. UV 및 IR 흡광특성은 CZNa가 CZH에 비하여 장파장 이동을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was to determine the acid dissociation constant of cefazolin antibiotics potentiometrically and conductometricaliy, and to identify the principal species in parenteral infusions and body fluids with different pH values. The pKa of cefazolin was 3.78(±0.05) at 25℃, and the pKa value of cefazolin was almost constant at temperature range of 5~50℃. As the concentration of basic form in the mixture of cefazolin(CZH) and cefazolin sodium(CZNa) increased the conductance decreased still further because of the common ion effect. The computed solubility of CZH was 92.8mg/100mL, the fractrion of dissociation a was found 0.4650. The low solubility was demonstrated thermodynamically. The Gibb's energy change for the dissociation was +19.995kJ/mol, reaction is disfavored. The acidic species(CZH) was the predominant form at pH<3.78, the basic species(CZ^(-)) was the principal form at pH>3.78. The results of pH measurement it was assumed that CZH was major in 5% dextrose inj., CZ^(-) in Hartman's solution, and CZH and CZ^(-) existed almost equally in saline solution. It was also assumed that the major form was basic in aqueous humor, blood venous, duodenum, ileum distal, lacrimal fluids, and intestine microsurface, while acidic in the stomch. UV and IR spectra of the basic form, CZ was showed bathochromic shift.
최동은, 김원태, 김용준, 윤석중, 이상철, 김원재 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2012 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.22 No.1
연구목적: 신손상은 보통 복부외상 환자의 10% 정도에서 발생하며 비뇨기계에서 발생하는 손상 중 가장 높은 빈도를 차지하고 있다. 신손상 치료의 궁극적인 목표가 환자의 생명을 구하는 것이고, 가능 하면 신조직을 최대한 보존하면서도 합병증은 최소화하여야 하므로 정확하게 평가된 진단을 내려, 혈류 역학적으로 안정된 경우 보존적 요법을 시행하는 빈도는 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 10년간의 신손 상을 분석하여 손상의 원인, 정도, 치료 방법 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상및방법: 2000년 2월부터 2010년 6월까지 본원 응급실에 방문하여 신손상으로 진단된 59명의 환 자들을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 환자의 성별은 남자가 39례 (66.1%)였고, 여자가 20례 (33.9%)였다. 신손상의 원인은 교통 사고가 37례 (62.7%)였고, 낙상이 7례 (11.9%), 외상이 12례 (20.3%), 자상이 1례 (1.7%), 원 인미상이 2례 (3.4% )였다. 손상의 정도는 I 등급이 11례 (18.6%), II 등급이 10례 (16.9%), III 등급이 20례 (33.9%), IV 등급이 10례 (16.9%), V 등급이 8례 (13.6%)였다. 신손상 환자의 치료 는 대증치료가 46례 (77.9%)였고, 신절제술이 5례 (8.5%), 신혈관색전술이 5례 (8,5%), 그외 다른 치료들이 3례 (5.1%)였다. 결론: 신손상의 원인은 교통사고와 외상 등이 가장 많은 비중을 차지했으며, 3 등급의 손상이 가장 많 았고, 치료는 대증요법이 주를 이루었지만, 점차 신혈관색전술이 늘어나고 있다. 앞으로 지역단위로의 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
편마비 환자의 정상측과 마비측의 비복근 운동점에서의 근육 두께 차이
김동건,도현경,김현동,황지선,정규영,정호중 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.1
Objective : To investigate any difference of muscle thickness in the motor points of the gastrocnemius between the paretic and non-paretic legs in hemiplegics. Method : Ultrasonography was used to assess in vivo the gastrocnemius muscle thickness at the motor points in the paretic and non-paretic legs of twenty-four patients with stroke. Results : Muscle thickness at the motor points were reduced in the paretic legs compared to the non-paretic legs (p<0.05). There was no correlation between muscle thickness and duration of hemiplegia, site of hemiplegia. However, it did not take regular pattern of the muscular atrophy in the paretic legs. Conclusion : The gastrocnemius muscle of the paretic leg had smaller thickness compared with the non-paretic leg. The present results indicate that paresis in hemiplegics may affect the accuracy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A. Therefore, we recommend ultrasonography for visually controlled, anatomically precise injection of botulinum toxins.
高速 液體 Chromatography에 의한 Prostaglandin F_2α및 E_2定量에 관한 硏究
李允中,李東宣 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1985 論文集 Vol.36 No.1
Prostaglandin F_2α and E_2 are being applied for induction of labor, termination of first or second trimester pregnancies and postpartum atonic uterine bleeding. Though various analytical methods for quantitation of prostaglandins were reported elsewhere, the development of a more sensitive, rapid and progressive method has long been desired. This study was conducted to quantitate PGF_2α and PGE_2 simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography after p-bromophenacylation of Sep-Pak C_18, cartridge extracts. The results were as follows: 1. A high performance liquid chromatographic analysis were developed for the rapid, simultaneous separation and quantitative recovery of PGF_2α, PGE_2 as their p-bromophenacyl esters to improve chromatographic properties and to detect them at 254 nm. The procedure involves p-bromophenacylation of PGF_2α and PGF_2 under N, N-diisopropyl ethylamine catalyst after rapid extraction using Sep-Pak C_18 cartridge, which is then chromatographed on μ Bondapak column (8 mm i.d. x 10 cm) using acetonitrile : water(1 : 1) as mobile phase. 2. HPLC peaks of PGF_2α and PGE_2 were observed at 10.8 min. and 12.3 min., respectively. Linear calibration plots of peak area versus PGF_2α and PGE_2 concentration were obtained over the range of 0.1-1.2㎍/㎕. This method enables to determine simultaneously PGF_2α, and PGE_2, thus shortening the assay time in comparison with that of p-nitrophenacylation. 3. p-Bromophenacylation was complete in about 40 min. at room temperature, and aliquots of the reaction mixtures were capable to be analyzed directly by HPLC. 4. The recovery in the concentration of 20 ㎍-4 mg prostaglandin was 99% by single Sep-Pak C_18 cartridge(1 cm i.d. X 1 cm) extraction with 10 ml ethanol(over 70 % ). The amount of prostaglandin was measured by ultra-violet spectrophotometry and fluorometry. For the Sep-Pak C_18 extraction, the optimum pH range was acidic(pH 3. 0). The present method allowed to obtain a clean extract from various samples suitable for HPLC analysis.
李允中,李東宣 成均館大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.20 No.-
A method is described for the spectropohtometric determination of iron with cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CTMAC) tha reacts with ferrithiocyanate chelate anion to form precipitate extractable in isoamylalcohol. As a result of experimentation, water insoluble red complex is produced by the reaction of the ferric ion with thiocyanate in the presence of cation surfactant just ad CTMAC. And the Fe(Ⅲ)-SCN-CTMAC associated complex is extracted from aqueous phase into organic phase(isoamylalcohol). The extracted species has an absorption maximum at about 495 nm, with a constant absorbance in the pH range from 1.0 to 2.0. It is found that the wave length of maximum absorption represents the bathochromic shift by the addition of CTMAC and that this method is more sensitive than the most widely used ferrithiocyanate procedure. Beer's law is obeyed up to 4 mcg/㎖ ferric ion in aqueous phase, for the absorbance of the associated complex under the optimum condition of pH, reagent concentrations and shaking time. This method can be used to the analysis of iron in commercial hematopoietics.
李允中,申秉澈,曺正吉,李東宣 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.1
A simple, rapid and high sensitive method for the determination of prostaglandin F_2α (C_20H_34O_5) is described. 1-bromoacetylpyrene was used as the pre-column fluorescent derivatizing reagent for high performance liquid chromatography. PG F_2α was derivatized quantiatively into fluorescent compound by reacting with 1-bromoacetylpyrene in the presence of 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile. The derivative was separated on a normal phase column in isocratic elution mode using the secondary mixture of chloroform and tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase. The effluent was monitored by fluorometer. The calibration plots for the peak heights versus concentrations of PG F_2α were observed to he linear.
Capsaicin과 Paradol이 구강내 유해자극에 의한 개구반사와 신경흥분 전달에 미치는 영향
최동주,신일영,김중수,이종흔 대한구강생물학회 1988 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.12 No.2
This study was performed to elucidate the analgesic mechanism of paradol and to compare effects of paradol with those of dihidrocapscaicin(DHC). Rabbits(2-2.5kg both sexes) were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium(30mg/kg I.V.), and cannulated in trachea and external jugular vein. To observe effects on jaw opening reflex, inferior alveolar nerve(IAN) of both sides were exposed for drug application, and wire electrodes were inserted in anterior belly of digastric muscle for recording of EMGs of anterior belly of digastric muscle(dEMG) and in oral mucosa covering mental foramen for applying noxious stimulation. dEMGs evoked by noxious stimulation with double intensity of threshold for digastric EMG were recorded in magnetic tape recorder. To observe effects on action potential, saphenous nerve were exposed, and three tissue pools were made from surrounding tissue. The most distal pool was used for applying stimulation, the most proximal one for recording of action potentials, and the other on for drug application. Action potentials evoked by 200 folds intensity of threshold for most sensitive fiber were recorded in magnetic tape recorder. One side of IAN and saphenous nerves were used for DHC or paradol applications, the other side of nerves for control experiments(only vehicle application). Vehicle consisted of 10% Tween 80, 10% ethanol and 80% physiological saline(v/v), and drugs were solubilized in vehicle for 1.5% concentration(w/v). dEMGs and action potentials were recorded before drug application, immediate after 30 minutes drug application, at 30 and 60 minutes after drug had been washed out. DHC application on IAN could not influence on dEMG, but paradol application decreased the amplitude of dEMG. In action potential experiments, DHC decreased amplitude and conduction velocity of only C fiber, while paradol did those of C-fiber and Aδ-fiber.
정동균,이종흔,김중수 대한구강생물학회 1987 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.11 No.2
This experiment was carried out to clarify the role of periaqueductal gray (PAG) on the neural activity in medullary dorsal horn (MDH) and influences of PAG or nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) on methionine-enkephalin (MENK) and serotonin which were related to modulation of pain. Rabbits were operated under general anesthesia, and fixed to stereotaxic apparatus. Caudal brainstem and rostral spinal cord were exposed and activity of neurons in MDH were recorded with glass-coated tungsten microelectrode. The cells which were responded to noxious or non-noxious stimuli were classified as low threshold (LT), wide dynamic range (WDR) and nociceptive specific (NS) neuron, and modulatory effects of PAG on these neurons were evaluated. In some animals, brainstem including MDH was removed after PAG or NRM stimulation for quantifying the content of serotonin and MENK by HPLC and RIA, respectively. PAG stimulation modulated activities of LT, WDR and NS neurons in MDH, and mainly produced inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effects of PAG stimulation were significantly greater in NS neurons than in LTneurons (χ^2=3.98, P<0.05). Content of serotonin in MDH was decreased by PAG or NRM stimulation, this effect was greater in NRM stimulation than in PAG stimulation. In MENK content, PAG or NARM stimulation induced only slight decrease. In summary, PAG influenced afferent pathway for central transmission of mechanical stimuli in oro-facial region, and serotonin and MENK were related to descending inhibitory mechanism of PAG and NRM.