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Dieter Busenlechner,Rudolf Fürhauser,Robert Haas,Georg Watzek,Georg Mailath,Bernhard Pommer 대한치주과학회 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.3
Purpose: Rehabilitation of the incomplete dentition by means of osseointegrated dentalimplants represents a highly predictable and widespread therapy; however, little is knownabout potential risk factors that may impair long-term implant success. Methods: From 2004 to 2012, a total of 13,147 implants were placed in 4,316 patients atthe Academy for Oral Implantology in Vienna. The survival rates after 8 years of follow-upwere computed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the impact of patient- and implantrelatedrisk factors was assessed. Results: Overall implant survival was 97% and was not associated with implant length(P=0.930), implant diameter (P=0.704), jaw location (P=0.545), implant position (P=0.450),local bone quality (P=0.398), previous bone augmentation surgery (P=0.617), or patientrelatedfactors including osteoporosis (P=0.661), age (P=0.575), or diabetes mellitus(P=0.928). However, smoking increased the risk of implant failure by 3 folds (P<0.001) anda positive history of periodontal disease doubled the failure risk (P=0.001). Conclusions: Summing up the long-term results of well over 10,000 implants at the Academyfor Oral Implantology in Vienna it can be concluded that there is only a limited numberof patients that do not qualify for implant therapy and may thus not benefit from improvedquality of life associated with fixed implant-retained prostheses.
Regulatory Role of Small GTP - Binding Proteins in Cellular Signalling
Dieter Gallwitz 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.4
In eucaryotic cells, evolutionary highly conserved proteins that cycle between a GDP- and a GTP-bound form are regulators of diverse and essential functions, including cellular growth and proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, vesicular transport and protein secretion. Heterotrimeric G-proteins and Ras proteins mediate the transduction of extracellular signals into the cell interiour resulting in signal amplification and long-term cellular responses. Recent genetic and cell biological studies in yeast and mammals have shown that a group of ras-like proteins, called ypt or rab, participates in intracellular protein transport. In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, two of these proteins, Ypt1p and Sec4p, function in vesicle transport from the ER to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, respectively. We made use of the repressable GAL10 promoter driving the essential yeast YPT1 gene, to isolate genes able to suppress the loss of Ypt1p. One of these genes (SLY1-20) acts as a single-copy, dominant suppressor due to a single amino acid substitution of its 666aa protein product. Three other genes (SLY2, 12 and 41) are multi-copy suppressors and encode integral membrane proteins. SLY1-20 as well as SLY2 and SLY12 partially complement sec21 and sec22 secretion-defective mutants indicating a role of the SLY gene products in ER→Golgi transport. The mammalian homologues of yeast Ypt1p and Ryh1p, a newly discovered GTP-binding protein, have been identified by functional complementation. Functionally equivalent GTP-binding proteins have identical "effector" regions related to but different from the GAP-binding ras "effector" loop. Mutant ypt1 proteins carrying various substitutions within the "effector" region and their altered interaction with a mammalian GTPase-activating protein acting preferentially on yeast and mammalian Ypt1 will be described.
Dieter Grimm 서울대학교 법학연구소 2014 서울대학교 法學 Vol.55 No.1
Anders als in Korea besteht in Deutschland die Möglichkeit, Verfassungsbeschwerdegegen Gerichtsurteile zu erheben, wenn man sich durch ein Urteil inseinen Grundrechten verletzt fühlt. Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerden bilden sogar dengrößten Anteil aller Verfahren beim deutschen Bundesverfassungsgericht. Mit derVerfassungsbeschwerde gegen Gerichtsurteile verschärft sich allerdings einProblem, das der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit generell innewohnt: das Problem derGrenzziehung zwischen Verfassungsrecht und Gesetzesrecht sowie zwischen demVerfassungsgericht und den übrigen Gerichten. In Deutschland besitzt diesesProblem gesteigerte Bedeutung, weil das Bundesverfassungsgericht annimmt, dassdie Grundrechte auch bei der Auslegung und Anwendung von Gesetzen zubeachten sind (“Ausstrahlungswirkung”). Führt die Anwendung eines verfassungsmäßigenGesetzes zur Beschränkung eines Grundrechts, dann muss das Gesetz “imLicht des Grundrechts” ausgelegt werden, soweit Spielräume für die Auslegungbestehen. Die Grenze zwischen Verfassungsrecht und Gesetzesrecht, Verfassungsgerichtund sonstigen Gerichten wird dadurch besonders unklar. Der Versuch desBundesverfassungsgerichts, die Grenze durch die sogenannte Hecksche Formel(BVerfGE 18,85 [92 f.]) zu bestimmen, hilft bei der Grenzziehung, kann aber dieZweifel nicht völlig beseitigen. Deswegen kommt es immer wieder einmal zuKritik an verfassungsgerichtlichen Entscheidungen, weil sie nach Ansicht derKritiker die Grenze überschritten haben. Die Kritik hat bisher aber nicht zurForderung nach Abschaffung der Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerde geführt. Diese istvielmehr in der deutschen Rechtsordnung fest verankert. Viele wichtige Entscheidungendes Bundesverfassungsgerichts hätten ohne die Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerdenicht ergehen können.
The Tragedy of Asylum Seekers and the EU?
( Dieter Eißel ) 한국EU학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.16 No.2
During the last years a huge number of asylum seekers from the Near East war countries and refugees from African countries have entered the EU. This created a rising xenophobia and an increase of the already existing right-wing parties criticising the “welcome culture”, mainly of German chancellor Merkel. Already before masses of refugees tried to reach Europe the neoliberal strategy, which has pushed a widening gap between rich and poor and which has created a rising number of working poor, has led to a rising potential of critics and votes against the “political establishment.” These two main areas of dissatisfaction have strengthened populist parties. Somehow, the EU has reacted in their spirit by planning stronger police control and blocking rescue ships in the Mediterranean Sea in order to reduce immigration. Replacing this inhuman strategy the EU should put more emphasis on stopping its harmful highly subsidized agrarian exports to Africa ruining its farmers. In addition, there should be a stop of arms export.