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REVIEW : Recent technological updates and clinical applications of induced pluripotent stem cells
( Sebastian Diecke ),( Seung Min Jung ),( Jae Cheol Lee ),( Ji Hyeon Ju ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.5
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first described in 2006 and havesince emerged as a promising cell source for clinical applications. The rapid progressionin iPSC technology is still ongoing and directed toward increasing theefficacy of iPSC production and reducing the immunogenic and tumorigenic potentialof these cells. Enormous efforts have been made to apply iPSC-based technologyin the clinic, for drug screening approaches and cell replacement therapy. Moreover, disease modeling using patient-specific iPSCs continues to expandour knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and prospective treatment of raredisorders. Furthermore, autologous stem cell therapy with patient-specific iPSCsshows great propensity for the minimization of immune reactions and the provisionof a limitless supply of cells for transplantation. In this review, we discussthe recent updates in iPSC technology and the use of iPSCs in disease modelingand regenerative medicine.
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Lee, Jaecheol,Kim, Youngkyun,Yi, Hyoju,Diecke, Sebastian,Kim, Juryun,Jung, Hyerin,Rim, Yeri Alice,Jung, Seung Min,Kim, Myungshin,Kim, Yong Goo,Park, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Ho-Youn,Ju, Ji Hyeon BioMed Central 2014 ARTHRITIS RESEARCH AND THERAPY Vol.16 No.1
<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Since the concept of reprogramming mature somatic cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was demonstrated in 2006, iPSCs have become a potential substitute for embryonic stem cells (ESCs) given their pluripotency and “stemness” characteristics, which resemble those of ESCs. We investigated to reprogram fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) to generate iPSCs using a 4-in-1 lentiviral vector system.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A 4-in-1 lentiviral vector containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc was transduced into RA and OA FLSs isolated from the synovia of two RA patients and two OA patients. Immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR studies were performed to demonstrate the pluripotency of iPSCs. Chromosomal abnormalities were determined based on the karyotype. SCID-beige mice were injected with iPSCs and sacrificed to test for teratoma formation.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>After 14 days of transduction using the 4-in-1 lentiviral vector, RA FLSs and OA FLSs were transformed into spherical shapes that resembled embryonic stem cell colonies. Colonies were picked and cultivated on matrigel plates to produce iPSC lines. Real-time PCR of RA and OA iPSCs detected positive markers of pluripotency. Immunohistochemical staining tests with Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, Tra-1-80, Tra-1-60, and SSEA-4 were also positive. Teratomas that comprised three compartments of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm were formed at the injection sites of iPSCs. Established iPSCs were shown to be compatible by karyotyping. Finally, we confirmed that the patient-derived iPSCs were able to differentiate into osteoblast, which was shown by an osteoimage mineralization assay.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>FLSs derived from RA and OA could be cell resources for iPSC reprogramming. Disease- and patient-specific iPSCs have the potential to be applied in clinical settings as source materials for molecular diagnosis and regenerative therapy.</P>
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金鍾悳 中央醫學社 1976 中央醫學 Vol.31 No.4
In an attempt to contribute to the basic qualitative improvements of Korean clinical nursing education, a statistical survey was carried out on the present availability of 919 pediatric in-patients which had been admitted and cared at Chonnam University Hospital during the period of 1 year from January, to December, 1975. The results obtained were as follows. 1. By seasons, the number of patients was larger in summer and autumn, the sex ratio was 1.6 ; 1, with predominant in males, and 81.6% of all patients was under 6 years of age. 2. As to disease, infectious disease was the most frequent (35.9%) and respiratory tract disease (26.2%), nervous system disease (6.9%), newborn disease (5.2%), digestive tract disease (4.8%), in the order of frequency. 3. Among infectious disease, gastro-intestinal infectious disease was the most frequent (9.4%), and tuberculosis (8.9%), viral disease (6.3%) in the order of frequency. 4. Among respiratory tract disease, pneumonia was the most frequent (15.4%). 5. The average duration of admission was 7.0 days. 6. As to prognosis, 70.2% of all patients went better or healing, the remainder was found to be poor or dying.
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Endotoxemia-mediated inflammation potentiates aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity
Koo, Ja-Won,Quintanilla-Dieck, Lourdes,Jiang, Meiyan,Liu, Jianping,Urdang, Zachary D.,Allensworth, Jordan J.,Cross, Campbell P.,Li, Hongzhe,Steyger, Peter S. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2015 Science translational medicine Vol.7 No.298
<P>The ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotics are essential to treat severe bacterial infections, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. Using a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) experimental model of sepsis, we tested whether LPS-mediated inflammation potentiates cochlear uptake of aminoglycosides and permanent hearing loss in mice. Using confocal microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that low-dose LPS (endotoxemia) greatly increased cochlear concentrations of aminoglycosides and resulted in vasodilation of cochlear capillaries without inducing paracellular flux across the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) or elevating serum concentrations of the drug. Additionally, endotoxemia increased expression of both serum and cochlear inflammatory markers. These LPS-induced changes, classically mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were attenuated in TLR4-hyporesponsive mice. Multiday dosing with aminoglycosides during chronic endotoxemia induced greater hearing threshold shifts and sensory cell loss compared to mice without endotoxemia. Thus, endotoxemia-mediated inflammation enhanced aminoglycoside trafficking across the BLB and potentiated aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. These data indicate that patients with severe infections are at greater risk of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss than previously recognized.</P>
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A Novel Discrete-time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Based on State Space Model
Carlos Sotelo,Antonio Favela-Contreras,Francisco Beltrán-Carbajal,Graciano Dieck-Assad,Pedro Rodríguez-Cañedo,David Sotelo 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.6
This paper proposes a novel finite dimensional discrete-time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. This technique is based on discrete-time state-space models, Taylor series expansion for prediction and performance index optimization. Furthermore, the technique extends the concept of the Lie derivative for the discrete time case using Euler backwards method. The performance validation for the discrete-time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control uses the simulation of a single-link flexible joint robot and the inverted pendulum. Comparison of the proposed finite dimensional discrete-time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control technique with Feedback Linearization Control is also discussed. Analytical and numerical results show excellent performances for both, the single-link flexible joint and inverted pendulum controllers using the proposed discrete-time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control technique.
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