PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF A SYSTEM CONSISTING OF TWO SUBSYSTEMS IN THE SERIES CONFIGURATION UNDER COPULA REPAIR APPROACH

Dhruv Raghav,P.K. Poonia,Monika Gahlot,V.V. Singh,Hamisu Ismail Ayagi,Ameer Hassan Abdullahi 한국수학교육학회 2020 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.27 No.3

Redundancy is commonly employed to improve system reliability. In most situations, components in the standby configurations are assumed statistically similar but independent. In many realistic models, all parts in standby are not treated as identical as they have different failure possibilities. The operational structure of the system has subsystem-1 with five identical components working un- der 2-out-of-5: G; policy, and the subsystem-2 has two units and functioning under 1-out-of-2: G; policy. Failure rates of units of subsystems are constant and assumed to follow an exponential distribution. Computed results give a new aspect to the scientific community to adopt multi-dimension repair in the form of the copula.

Surface Potential and Drain Current 2D Analytical Modeling of Low Power Double Gate Tunnel FET

Dhruv Garg,Girish Wadhwa,Shailendra Singh,Ashish Raman,Balwinder Raj 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.6

This submitted work presents the 2-dimensional analytical modeling of Tunnel FET’s in consideration with the inherent properties of dual modulation effect. This eff ect explains the concept of regulating both gate and also the drain terminal biasing voltage on device surface potential and hence on the tunneling drain current model, which uses the device surface potential modeling as basis of deriving the TFET current model. The model is developed using basic 2-D Poisson’s equation. This analytical model embraces both the biasing voltage effect at gate and drain terminal respectively. The results procured from the submitted work are in perfect agreement with TCAD simulations results and depletion width of various regions defi ned in TFET is accurate and can also be explained theoretically.

Home ownership, full-time employment, and other markers of higher socioeconomic status are predictive of shorter time to initial evaluation, shorter time to surgery, and superior postoperative outcomes among lateral patellar instability patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction

( Dhruv S. Shankar ),( Amanda Avila ),( Brittany Declouette ),( Kinjal D. Vasavada ),( Isabella B. Jazrawi ),( Michael J. Alaia ),( Guillem Gonzalez-lomas ),( Eric J. Strauss ),( Kirk A. Campbell ) 대한슬관절학회 2023 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.35 No.-

Background The purpose of this study was to identify socioeconomic predictors of time to initial evaluation, time to surgery, and postoperative outcomes among lateral patellar instability patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR). Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients at our institution who underwent primary MPFLR with allograft from 2011 to 2019 and had minimum 12-month follow-up. Patients were administered an email survey in January 2022 to assess symptom history, socioeconomic status, and postoperative outcomes including VAS satisfaction and Kujala score. Predictors of time to initial evaluation, time to surgery, and postoperative outcomes were identified using multivariable linear and logistic regression with stepwise selection. Results Seventy patients were included in the cohort (mean age 24.8 years, 72.9% female, mean follow-up time 45.7 months). Mean time to evaluation was 6.4 months (range 0-221) and mean time to surgery was 73.6 months (range 0-444). Having a general health check-up in the year prior to surgery was predictive of shorter time to initial evaluation (β = - 100.5 [- 174.5, - 26.5], p = 0.008). Home ownership was predictive of shorter time to surgery (β = - 56.5 [- 104.7, 8.3], p = 0.02). Full-time employment was predictive of higher VAS satisfaction (β = 14.1 [4.3, 23.9], p = 0.006) and higher Kujala score (β = 8.7 [0.9, 16.5], p = 0.03). Conclusion Markers of higher socioeconomic status including having a general check-up in the year prior to surgery, home ownership, and full-time employment were predictive of shorter time to initial evaluation, shorter time to surgery, and superior postoperative outcomes. Level of evidence: IV, retrospective case series.

Clonal Propagation in Commiphora Wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari Commiphora wightii, stem cutting, thickness, plant growth regulators, adventitious roots

Dhruv Kumar Mishra,Devendra Kumar 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2

Studies were carried out to standardize and develop a suitable macro-propagation technology for large scale production of superior clonal stock through stem cuttings in Commiphora wightii Arnott (Bhandari), a data deficient medicinal plant of arid region. For the purpose, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was tried to elucidate the impact of various cutting diameters (0.50-0.75 cm, 0.75-1.00 cm, 1.00-1.50 cm, and >1.50 cm) in combination with varying growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist chamber) on shoot sprouting and rooting without using exogenous plant growth regulators. Cutting diameter (size 0.75-1.00 cm) in mist chamber has shown maximum sprouting (90.00%) and rooting (73.33%), primary root (6.67) and secondary root (16.67) followed by 1.00-1.51 cm in mist chamber. Minimum sprouting (40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33), primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00) was recorded in cutting diameter (size >1.50 cm) in sunlight. Second experiment was performed to find out optimum growth regulator concentration of rooting hormone (100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm) of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation on cuttings diameter (size 0.25-0.50 cm) in comparison to control. Maximum rooting percentage (93.33%) was recorded in 200 ppm followed by 500 ppm (86.66%) of IBA as compared to control, which showed only 60 per cent sprouting. Third experiment was performed with newly formed juvenile micro-cuttings treated with varying concentrations of IAA and IBA. The juvenile cuttings (size 6-10 cm, basal dia <0.25 cm) were selected as micro- cuttings. The cuttings treated with IBA (500 ppm) showed 64.30% rooting as compared to other treatments. Results of above experiments indicate that cuttings (size 0.75-1.00 cm dia) may be developed in mist chamber for better performance. While using heavier cuttings, no growth promoting hormones is required however; growth regulator 200 ppm concentration of IBA rooting hormone was observed optimum for promoting macro-propagation in stem cuttings of lower diameter class (0.25-0.50 cm).

Particle Filter-based Localization of a Mobile Robot by Using a Single Lidar Sensor under SLAM in ROS Environment

Dhruv Talwar,Seul Jung 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

One of the most popular issues in autonomous mobile robots is mapping, localizing and autonomous navigation. In this paper, Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) as particle filters method is presented to show how effectively it localizes the mobile robot in an indoor environment. During the simulations, the robot is localized and autonomously navigates in Gazebo and Rviz environment. The simulation results demonstrated that the particles in the filter quickly converge on the pose and the robot was successfully able to follow the path to reach its goal position. Simulations for a mobile robot to be localized in two different environments, static and dynamic, were carried out. The robot was successful in reaching its goal every time. Simulation results thus point out that AMCL performed effectively in these environments.

Acceptable clinical outcomes despite high reoperation rate at minimum 12-month follow-up after concomitant arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and medial meniscal allograft transplantation

( Dhruv S. Shankar ),( Kinjal D. Vasavada ),( Amanda Avila ),( Brittany Declouette ),( Hadi Aziz ),( Eric J. Strauss ),( Michael J. Alaia ),( Laith M. Jazrawi ) 대한슬관절학회 2023 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.35 No.-

Background Single-stage medial meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a technically challenging procedure for management of knee pain and instability in younger patients, but clinical and functional outcomes data are sparse. The purpose of this study was to assess surgical and patient-reported outcomes following concomitant ACLR and medial MAT. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series of patients who underwent medial MAT with concomitant primary or revision ACLR at our institution from 2010 to 2021 and had minimum 12-month follow-up. Complications, reoperations, visual analog scale (VAS) pain, satisfaction, Lysholm score, return to sport, and return to work outcomes were assessed. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference, Pain Intensity, and Physical Function Scores were used to measure patients’ functional status relative to the US population. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results The cohort consisted of 17 knees of 16 individual patients. The cohort was majority male (82.4%) with mean age of 31.9 years (range 19-49 years) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.9 kg/m2 (range 22.5-53.3 kg/m2). Mean follow-up time was 56.8 months (range 13-106 months). Most patients underwent revision ACLR (64.7%). The 1-year reoperation rate was high (23.5%), with two patients (11.8%) tearing their meniscus graft. Patient-reported outcomes indicated low VAS pain (mean 2.2), high satisfaction (mean 77.9%), and fair Lysholm score (mean 81.1). Return to work rate was high (92.9%), while return to sport rate was low (42.9%). Postoperative PROMIS scores were comparable or superior to the national average and correlated significantly with patient satisfaction (p < 0.05). Conclusions The concomitant ACLR and MAT procedure is associated with excellent knee pain and functional outcomes and high rate of return to work after surgery, though the 1-year reoperation rate is high and rate of return to sport is low.

Factors impacting time to total shoulder arthroplasty among patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff arthropathy managed conservatively with corticosteroid injections

Dhruv S. Shankar,Edward S. Mojica,Christopher A. Colasanti,Anna M. Blaeser,Paola F. Ortega,Guillem Gonzalez-Lomas,Laith M. Jazrawi 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of the time from initial presentation to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) and rotator cuff (RTC) arthropathy who were conservatively managed with corticosteroid injections. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent TSA from 2010 to 2021. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate median time to TSA for primary OA and RTC arthropathy patients. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify significant predictors of time to TSA and to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The cohort included 160 patients with primary OA and 92 with RTC arthropathy. In the primary OA group, median time to TSA was 15 months. Significant predictors of shorter time to TSA were older age at presentation (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.04; P=0.03) and presence of moderate or severe acromioclavicular joint arthritis (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05–2.01; P=0.03). In the RTC arthropathy group, median time to TSA was 14 months, and increased number of corticosteroid injections was associated with longer time to TSA (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80–0.95; P=0.003). Conclusions: There are distinct prognostic factors for progression to TSA between primary OA patients and RTC arthropathy patients managed with corticosteroid injections. Multiple corticosteroid injections are associated with delayed time to TSA in RTC arthropathy patients.

Spatially graded TiO???-SiO??? Bragg reflector with rainbow-colored photonic band gap.

Singh, Dhruv Pratap,Lee, Seung Hee,Choi, Il Yong,Kim, Jong Kyu Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.13

<P>A simple single-step method to fabricate spatially graded TiO2-SiO2 Bragg stack with rainbow colored photonic band gap is presented. The gradation in thickness of the Bragg stack was accomplished with a modified glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique with dynamic shadow enabled by a block attached to one edge of the rotating substrate. A linear gradation in thickness over a distance of about 17 mm resulted in a brilliant colorful rainbow pattern. Interestingly, the photonic band gap position can be changed across the whole visible wavelength range by linearly translating the graded Bragg stack over a large area substrate. The spatially graded Bragg stack may find potential applications in the tunable optical devices, such as optical filters, reflection gratings, and lasers. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America</P>

Clonal Propagation in Commiphora Wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari

Mishra, Dhruv Kumar,Kumar, Devendra Institute of Forest Science 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2

Studies were carried out to standardize and develop a suitable macro-propagation technology for large scale production of superior clonal stock through stem cuttings in Commiphora wightii Arnott (Bhandari), a data deficient medicinal plant of arid region. For the purpose, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was tried to elucidate the impact of various cutting diameters (0.50-0.75 cm, 0.75-1.00 cm, 1.00-1.50 cm, and >1.50 cm) in combination with varying growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist chamber) on shoot sprouting and rooting without using exogenous plant growth regulators. Cutting diameter (size 0.75-1.00 cm) in mist chamber has shown maximum sprouting (90.00%) and rooting (73.33%), primary root (6.67) and secondary root (16.67) followed by 1.00-1.51 cm in mist chamber. Minimum sprouting (40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33), primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00) was recorded in cutting diameter (size >1.50 cm) in sunlight. Second experiment was performed to find out optimum growth regulator concentration of rooting hormone (100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm) of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation on cuttings diameter (size 0.25-0.50 cm) in comparison to control. Maximum rooting percentage (93.33%) was recorded in 200 ppm followed by 500 ppm (86.66%) of IBA as compared to control, which showed only 60 per cent sprouting. Third experiment was performed with newly formed juvenile micro-cuttings treated with varying concentrations of IAA and IBA. The juvenile cuttings (size 6-10 cm, basal dia <0.25 cm) were selected as micro-cuttings. The cuttings treated with IBA (500 ppm) showed 64.30% rooting as compared to other treatments. Results of above experiments indicate that cuttings (size 0.75-1.00 cm dia) may be developed in mist chamber for better performance. While using heavier cuttings, no growth promoting hormones is required however; growth regulator 200 ppm concentration of IBA rooting hormone was observed optimum for promoting macro-propagation in stem cuttings of lower diameter class (0.25-0.50 cm).

HYDROGEN USE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE : A REVIEW

Vasu Kumar,Dhruv Gupta,Naveen Kumar 국제문화기술진흥원 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.2

Fast depletion of fossil fuels is urgently demanding a carry out work for research to find out the viable alternative fuels for meeting sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. In the future, our energy systems will need to be renewable and sustainable, efficient and cost-effective, convenient and safe. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels in the near future to meet the stringent emission norms. The use of the hydrogen as fuel in the internal combustion engine represents an alternative use to replace the hydrocarbons fuels, which produce polluting gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) during combustion. In this paper contemporary research on the hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine can be given. First hydrogen-engine fundamentals were described by examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen and then existing literature were surveyed.