Development and evaluation of gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for high land region of Nepal : 네팔 산간지대에 적응하는 노균병 저항성 옥수수 개발 및 평가

Dhami, Narayan Bahadur 경북대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

Gray leaf spot (GLS; caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis is becoming a major constraint of maize production areas in the High Land Region of Nepal. The estimated yield loss caused by this fungus was an average >75%. The main objectives of this study were to develop, evaluate and identify gray leaf spot tolerant (GLS-T) genotypes, introduction of exotic and semi exotic hybrids and introgression of exotic allele in High Land Region. Section-I, belongs to GLS-T trials. Random crosses were made with GLS resistant germplasm. GLS-T screening trial-I consisted of 63 newly developed crosses and checks (8 commercial hybrid and 2 OPVs). It was evaluated under artificial system of inoculation during summer at Khumaltar, Nepal, in 2008. The GLS-T, trial-II composed of 35 newly developed crosses and checks (2 commercial hybrids and 1 OPV) and evaluated under natural system of inoculation during summer at Khumaltar, Nepal, in 2009. The GLS-T trial-III consisted of same genotypes (60 new crosses and 5 commercial hybrid checks) of GLS-T trial-I and conducted at ICF, Cambodia and Myanmar in 2008. Section-II belongsto inbreed and hybrid evaluationhybrid trials. Single cross hybrid evaluation trial-I, consisted of 35 genotypes same as GLS-T trial-II except checks and evaluated during summer in Gunwi, Korea in 2009. A combined over locations analysis was made from the data of GLS-T trial-II, Nepal and single cross hybrid evaluation trial-I, Korea. The mid-altitude hybrid evaluation trial-II from IITA consisted of 12 genotypes including 2 checks and tested during summer at Gunwi, Korea in 2009. Three way cross evaluation trial-III consisted of 33 newly developed crosses with 2 checks and evaluated during summer in Gunwi, Korea, in 2009. Nepal x commercial hybrid evaluation trial-IV consisted of 61 genotypes including check and evaluated at ICF, Cambodia, in 2008. The inbred lines evaluation trial-V consisted of 38 inbreed including 2 checks and evaluated during summer at Khumaltar and during winter at Rampur, Nepal, in 2006. The top cross hybrid evaluation trial-VI composed of 102 top crosses including 2 checks and evaluated during summer in ABD, Khumaltar, Nepal, in 2007. Trials were conducted in RCBD except trial-IV. Standard package of practices were followed to conduct trials. Data were scored on a scale 1-5. Where 1 = best 5 = worst. Genotypes were selected based on grain yield (GY) and yield related traits (YRTs), disease resistant and commercial value (CoV). In section-I, genotypes Pioneer12 x MASynVAR-5F2 , MASynVAR-5 F2 x Thai919S3 4-5-4, AC98F2 MSR-W x PP1008 S3 8-25-5, Thai717S31-21-3 x [TZMi 407 x TZMi-B5] and MASynVAR-5F2 x M405 2K8 MYN320 were promising in terms of GLS, GY in GLS-T trial-I. In group contrast highly resistant and moderately susceptible group produced more GY. The crosses with MASynVAR-5F2 (male parent) were showed good performance. In GLST, trial II, genotypes KWM 12 x KTLO3A-52, KYM 33 x P45, KYM 50 x MA406, KYM 33 x TZi 18 and KYM 33 x TZi 3 were promising. Resistant and moderately resistant groups produced high GY. The genotypes, [TZMi 102 x TZi 204].. x Thai 919 S3 4-4-3 and [TZMi 102 x TZi 204].. x 2K8MYN 321 DK 979 showed best performance in GLS-T trial-III. In section-II, genotypes IA4-1 x KTLO3A-52, KYM 33 x MA406, KYM33 x TZi 18 KYM 33 x P45 and KYM 33 x TZi 3 were promising in terms of GY and agronomic traits in trial-l. In combined over locations, subtropical x tropical crosses showed the best performance in GY and YRTs. Genotypes KYM 33 x TZi 3, KYM 33 x TZi 18, and KYM 33 x P45 showed wider adaptability and Yield stability. In trial-II, genotypes namely TZMI407 X 87036-9-1-1-1-B-B-B/TZMI102 X 90113-5-3-2-2-B-B-B-B, TZMI407 X TZMI604 -8-1-1-1-B-B-B-B-B/TZMI102 X 90113-5-3-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B and 8535-23 (Std.Chk) showed better performance in GY and CoV. In trial-III, Gaurav x TZi 3, 69B x (NML-1 x RML-8) and (RML-4 x NML-2) x TZi 3 were promising in terms of GY and YRTs. In group contrast, TZi 3 (sub tropical x tropical) group showed best performance followed by KNU Silage. In trial-IV, KWM 5 x CP888F1 and Bisi16 x (IM 7 x KYM 50) were showed best CoV and other traits. In trial-V, RML-4, RL-30-1, RL- 99, RML-7 and RML-18 were found promising inbreeds. In trial-VI, RL-25 x KYM, NML-2 x KYM and RL-26 x KYM were observed high yielding top cross hybrids. Inbreed RL-25, RL-18, NML-2, RL-26, RML-3 and RML-17 showed the good general combining ability. In addition to these, Yellow grain and white grain GLS-T populations are under improvement by half sib family selection. In every maize season 100 seed will donate to each farmer in GLS epidemic areas before to release the GLS-T cultivars. 노균병은 네팔의 산간지대 옥수수 생산에서 가장 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있으며, 이 병원균에 의해 수량이 평균적으로 75%이상이 손실되고 있다. 따라서 이 실험의 목적은 노균병 저항성 품종을 개발, 평가, 그리고 확인을 하는 것으로, 고산지대에 적합한 국외의 품종들과 유전자를 도입하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 노균병 저항성 유전자원과 감수성 유전자원을 가진 유전자원 간에 무작위로 교배하였다. 1. 노균병 저항성 품종 개발 및 평가, 첫번째 시험은 노균병저항성 검정시험으로 3개의 세부 시험으로 수행하였다.검정시험1 (trial-I)은 새롭게 작성한 63개의 교배조합에 노균병을 인공접종하여 저항성을 검정하였으며, 대조품종으로 8개의 단교잡종과 2개의 자유방임품종을 사용하였다. 노균병 저항성 검정시험2 (trial-II)는 35개의 교배조합에 대해 자연 상태에서 노균병 저항성을 평가하였으며, 2개의 단교잡종과 1개의 자유방임품종을 대조품종으로 사용하였다. 이 시험은 2009년 네팔의 쿠말타르 시험장에서 자연감염상태에서 저항성을 평가하였다. 노균병 저항성 검정시험3 (trial-III)은 첫번째 시험과 같은 교배조합으로써 60개 교배조합과 5개 의 대조품종을 2008년에 국제옥수수재단 캄보디아 옥수수연구소에서 평가하였다. 2. 우량품종 시험 및 평가, 본 시험은 검정시험 (trial-II)와 같은 교배조합을 2009년 군위 경북대학교 시험장에서 평가 하였다. 네팔과 한국에서 조사된 검정시험 (trial-II) 성적은 지역간 분석에 사용되었다. 국제열대농업연구소(IITA)에서 제공받은 중산간지 적응 교잡종 검정시험 (trial-II)은 10개의 유전자형과 2개 대조품종으로 구성되어 있으며, 이를 2009년 경북대학교 군위 시험장에서 수행하였다. 삼원교배품종 검정시험 (trial-III)은 33개의 교배조합과 2개의 대조품종을 포함하여 2009년 경북대학교 군위 시험장에서 수행하였다. 네팔 × 상품종 교배조합 검정시험 (trial-IV)은 60개 교배조합에 1개의 대조품종을 포함하여 2008년 국제옥수수재단 캄보디아 시험장에서 수행하였다. 원종 검정시험 (trial-V)은 38개의원종과 2개의 대조품종으로 구성하여 2006년 여름에는 쿠말타르 시험장에서, 겨울에는 람푸르 시험장에서 두 차례 수행하였다. 탑교배 품종 검정시험 (trial-VI)은 102개의 탑교배조합과 2개의 대조품종으로 쿠말타르 시험장에서 2007년 여름에 수행하였다. 검정시험-4(trial-IV)를 제외한 모든 검정시험의 시험구는 난괴법으로 배치하였으며, 이 외의 모든 처리는 표준재배법에 따랐다. 시험 성적은 1-5단위(1= 아주 좋음, 5= 매우 나쁨)로 조사하였다. 교배조합은 알곡수량, 수량관련특성, 노균병 저항성, 그리고 상품성을 중심으로 선발하였다. 노균병 저항성 품종 개발 시험결과 각각의 교배조합Pioneer12 × MASynVAR-5F2, MASynVAR-5 F2 × Thai919S3 4-5-4, AC98F2 MSR-W × PP1008 S3 8-25-5, Thai717S31-21-3 × [TZMi 407 × TZMi-B5] 그리고 MASynVAR-5F2 × M405 2K8 MYN320 이 수량과 노균병 저항성에서 뛰어난 성적을 보였다. 그룹비교에서는 노균병에 대해 고도의 저항성을 갖는 그룹과 약간의 감수성을 가진 그룹이 높은 수량을 보였다. 또한 MASynVAR-5F2 이 부본으로 교배된 조합들이 우수한 성적을 보였다. 노균병 저항성 시험 (trial-II)에서는 KWM 12 × f KYM 33 × P45, KYM 50 × MA406, KYM 33 × TZi 18, 그리고 KYM 33 × TZi 3 조합들의 성적이 우수하였다. 저항성 그룹과 약한 저항성을 보이는 그룹이 높은 수량을 보였다. 이 시험에서 [TZMi 102 x TZi 204].. × Thai 919 S3 4-4-3 와 [TZMi 102 × TZi 204].. × 2K8MYN 321 DK 979 의 두 교배조합이 가장 우수하였다. 우량품종 개발 및 평가를 위한 검정시험1(trial-I)에서는 IA4-1 × KTLO3A-52, KYM 33 × MA406, KYM33 × TZi 18 KYM 33 × P45, 그리고 KYM 33 × TZi 3이 수량과 다른 특성면에서 우수하였다. 지역간 분석에서는 아열대 × 열대 사이의 교배조합이 수량과 수량 관련 특성에서 가장 우수하였다. 통합적으로 분석한 결과 교배조합 KYM 33 x TZi 3, KYM 33 × TZi 18, 그리고 KYM 33 × P45 가 광지역적응성을 보였고 수량의 안정성 또한 높았다. 검정시험 2 (trial-II)에서는TZMI407 X 87036-9-1-1-1-B-B-B/TZMI102 X 90113-5-3-2-2-B-B-B-B, TZMI407 X TZMI604 -8-1-1-1-B-B-B-B-B/TZMI102 X 90113-5-3-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B and 8535-23 (Std.Chk). 의 수량과 상품성 성적이 가장 좋았다. 검정시험3 (trial-III)은 Gaurav × TZi 3, 69B × (NML-1 x RML-8) 과 (RML-4 × NML-2) × TZi 3의 수량과 수량관련특성 성적이 가장 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. 그룹간 대조의 결과 TZi3 그룹 (아열대 ×열대) 이 가장 우수한 성적을 보였으며, KNU 사일리지 그룹이 그 다음으로 우수하였다. 검정시험4 (trial-IV)에서는 KWM 5 × CP888F1 과 Bisi16 × (IM 7 × KYM 50)의 상품성이 가장 높았다. 검정시험5 (trial-V)에서는 RML-4, RL-30-1, RL- 99, RML-7, 그리고 RML-18이 우수한 원종으로 분석되었다. 검정시험6 (trial-IV)에서는 RL-25 × KYM, NML-2 × KYM, 그리고 RL-26 × KYM이 가장 높은 수량을 보이는 톱교배 조합이었다. 그리고 원종 RL-25, RL-18, NML-2, RL-26, RML-3, 그리고 RML-17의 일반 조합 능력이 우수하였다. 황색과 백색 종피를 가진 노균병 저항성 집단은 각각 반수법으로 개선하고 있다. 본 시험을 통해 개발된 노균병 저항성 조합들을 품종 단계보다 조기에 보급하고자 네팔에서 노균병이 심각한 지역에 있는 농가에 작기마다 종자 100개씩 보급될 계획이다.

The role of trust and perceived risk in user acceptance of technology innovation in safety-critical systems

Dhami, Hemil S Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The thesis is based on the research that examines the attitude of technology users, as to how they form an opinion about a technology, i.e. their perception towards technology features that would help in developing their intention to use that technology, in large-scale safety-critical systems. Furthermore, it studies how this intention to use a technology impacts the user's performance with that technology. The research also examines empirical evidence of a relationship between user behavioral intention and actual performance in safety-critical systems. Technology has become an essential part in today's lifestyle. The sole purpose of developing newer technology is to provide an aid to mankind in decision-making and in enhancing her/his performance. Technology also provides an ability to perform various tasks, which otherwise would not have been possible by a human being. There are concerns raised when the technology, which is acting as a human aid, becomes too complex for the user to operate. Particularly in large-scale and safety-critical systems, adopting complex technologies can lead to situations where the human technology interaction produces unfavorable outcomes, and can cause catastrophic accidents. Human factors have been deemed to cause some of the major disasters at Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, Piper Alpha, Bhopal etc. Furthermore, researchers claim that the percentage of human contribution in these accidents rises with an increase in system complexity. Hence there is a need to understand two main aspects: the impact of technology innovation on user performance in safety-critical systems, and user's perception of system benefits and, intension to use those technologies. The research introduces the concept of innovation and discusses various views of innovations. The sources, types and characteristics of innovation are identified followed by innovation diffusion models. Furthermore, the effects of innovation impacts in different innovation adoption environment are presented. It introduces some widely studied theories and models in technology adoption and human behavior such as the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The application of the technology acceptance model is tested in safety critical systems and indicator variables are analyzed. Based on the findings, some generalizations are made for technology introduction and adoption in, safety critical domains.

Classification and Mapping of Recreation and Ecotourism Areas in West Virginia

Dhami, Ishwar West Virginia University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Travel and tourism are recognized as the largest and fastest growing economic sector in the world. Different recreational and tourism sites can provide different types of activities based on their unique characteristics. Like any other form of tourism, the growth of ecotourism is dependent on the flow of visitors and therefore, marketing for a destination requires identifying various characteristics of the destination and preferences of stakeholders. The main aim of this dissertation is to classify and map recreation and ecotourism areas in West Virginia. The dissertation is presented in the form of three essays. The first essay classifies and maps classes of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) in the state and examines its relationship with the travel and tourism generated revenues. Results showed that most of the areas in the state are Rural (R) followed by Semiprimitive Nonmotorized (SPNM) and Roaded Natural (RN). Visitors' travel spending was significantly associated with the urban class. The second essay identifies and maps forest-based ecotourism areas in the state using six different criteria and visitors' preferences. Pairwise comparison of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to compute the criteria weights from questionnaire survey of visitors. Significant variations were found in visitors' preferences. Areas under Class IV and Class V of naturalness continuum of both weighted and unweighted ecotourism maps covered more than half of the state's area, suggesting higher prospects for promoting forest-based ecotourism in the state. The results also indicated that each class changed in size when visitors' preferences were applied. The third essay performs sensitivity analysis of the criteria weights derived from visitors and experts' survey and maps the robust suitable areas for forest-based ecotourism areas in the state. Similar to essay two, pairwise comparison of AHP was used to compute criteria weights from experts. Results indicated that about one third of the state's area was highly suitable and not sensitive to the variations of criteria weights. The finding of this dissertation demonstrated ROS classes and forest-based ecotourism areas in the state which could provide helpful information to the resource managers and policy makers in terms of recreation and tourism development, marketing, and promotion. Results of the study were mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Geographic Data Analysis (GeoDa) software.