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Social Determinants of COVID-19 in Massachusetts, United States: An Ecological Study
Devan Hawkins 대한예방의학회 2020 예방의학회지 Vol.53 No.4
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess how different social determinants of health (SDoH) may be related to variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rates in cities and towns in Massachusetts (MA). Methods: Data about the total number of cases, tests, and rates of COVID-19 as of June 10, 2020 were obtained for cities and towns in MA. The data on COVID-19 were matched with data on various SDoH variables at the city and town level from the American Community Survey. These variables included information about income, poverty, employment, renting, and insurance coverage. We compared COVID-19 rates according to these SDoH variables. Results: There were clear gradients in the rates of COVID-19 according to SDoH variables. Communities with more poverty, lower income, lower insurance coverage, more unemployment, and a higher percentage of the workforce employed in essential services, including healthcare, had higher rates of COVID-19. Most of these differences were not accounted for by different rates of testing in these cities and towns. Conclusions: SDoH variables may explain some of the variability in the risk of COVID-19 across cities and towns in MA. Data about SDoH should be part of the standard surveillance for COVID-19. Efforts should be made to address social factors that may be putting communities at an elevated risk.
Devan, Shobana Mukunda,Pailoor, Jayalakshmi,Sthaneshwar, Pavai,Narayanan, Vallikkanu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8
The objective of this study is to assess tissue expression of CA-125 and HE4 protein in primary benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary and correlate with serum CA-125 levels. A total of 100 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections of ovarian tumours which included serous adenoma (11), mucinous adenoma (42), serous carcinoma (20), mucinous carcinoma (12) and endometrioid carcinoma (15), histologically diagnosed between $1^{st}$ January 2004 to $31^{st}$ December 2012 at the University Malaya Medical Centre, were stained for HE4 (rabbit polyclonal antibody, Abcam, UK) and CA-125 (mouse monoclonal antibody clone: OC125, Cell Marque Corporation, Rocklin, California, USA). Pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were obtained from the laboratory information system. Immunoscore (I score) for HE4 and CA-125 was given based on the intensity of staining and percentage of positive tumour cells and considered significant when it was >50 (intensity of staining multiplied by percentage of positive tumour cells). Serum CA-125 levels were compared with the I score of HE4 and CA-125 in tissues. We noted that the CA-125 levels in serum and tissues were significantly raised in malignant compared to benign ovarian tumours (p value<0.05). Tissue expression of HE4 protein was also significantly raised in malignant tumours compared to benign tumours (p value<0.05). We conclude that HE4 can be a useful tissue immunomarker in addition to CA-125.
Photo-Neutrons Produced at the Pohang Neutron Facility Based on an Electron Linac
K. Devan,김귀년,A. K. M. M. H. Meaze,Duc Khue Pham,Duc Thiep Tran,강흥식,고인수,조무현,Van Do Nguyen,Van Duan Phung,남궁원,이영석 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.1
The Pohang Neutron Facility based on an electron linac was operated for total neutron crosssection measurements by using the pulsed neutrons produced in a water-cooled Ta-target with a water moderator. We investigated the photo-neutrons produced in the water-cooled Ta-target system by using the Monte-Carlo simulation code MCNPX, version 2.5e, and the results were checked with the experimental values. The optimum conditions of the target system and the experimental setup to maximize the thermal neutron production were investigated.
A study on tool wear of tungsten carbide cutters in edge trimming of CFRP
Deviprakash Jyothi Devan,Fahad Almaskari,Jamal Sheikh-Ahmad,Farrukh Hafeez 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.5
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used in the aerospace field because of their outstanding lightweight material characteristics, tensile strength, and stiffness properties. The tools used in composite machining exhibits different cutting performance and machining quality under different cutting conditions. The combination of tool material, tool geometry, and cutting conditions strongly influence the tool life and surface quality of the machined parts. Edge trimming of CFRP blanks with tungsten carbide two flute end mill cutter was conducted. The operation was carried out on a computer numerical control (CNC) router by varying cutting speed, feed speed, and depth of cut. Experimental results indicated that the wear of carbide tools is characterized by abrasive wear and rounding of the cutting edge. This occurred mainly by hard abrasion of the carbide grains. Tool life was observed to be inversely proportional to cutting speed, feed speed, and depth of cut. An expanded tool wear equation with power, average temperature, and resultant force as independent variables provided higher tool wear predictive capabilities. To check the adequacy of the regression model, validation runs were conducted. The experimental tool wear obtained from validation experiments were compared with the tool wear obtained using regression. An approximate average error of 5 % confirms that the experimental and regression tool wear values are very close. The equations and analysis permit trimming of CFRP to be designed such that tool wear is optimized and well forecasted.
Effect of different tab materials in the tensile testing of GFRP
Deviprakash Jyothishmathi Devan,Razi Ur Rehman,Tom Sunny,Farrukh Hafeez,Amjad Alsakarneh 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.9
Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP) are widely replacing conventional materials due to their improved machinability and high strength to weight ratio. Content and tensile tests are two of the basic approaches used in characterizing GFRP. The content test was performed to determine the reinforcement, matrix, and void content. The void content of 1.8 percent causes moisture absorption leading to fiber pull out and breakage. The failure of the specimens after the tensile test was primarily associated with interfacial debonding. Different tab materials and adhesives were considered for performing the tensile test. Stainless steel and galvanized iron tabs showed considerable slippage during the transverse tensile test. However, the slippage rate was remarkably lower when tabs of the same specimen material and similar thickness were used. The effect of tab geometry and adhesive strength was found to be less significant compared to tab material and adhesive thickness. Stiffness in the longitudinal direction was found to be six times higher than in the transverse direction.
Chemically synthesized PbS Nano particulate thin films for a rapid NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor
Burungale, Vishal V.,Devan, Rupesh S.,Pawar, Sachin A.,Harale, Namdev S.,Patil, Vithoba L.,Rao, V. K.,Ma, Yuan-Ron,Eun Ae, Jo,Kim, Jin H.,Patil, Pramod S. De Gruyter 2016 MATERIALS SCIENCE -WROCLAW- Vol.34 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Rapid NO<SUB>2</SUB>gas sensor has been developed based on PbS nanoparticulate thin films synthesized by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method at different precursor concentrations. The structural and morphological properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. NO<SUB>2</SUB>gas sensing properties of PbS thin films deposited at different concentrations were tested. PbS film with 0.25 M precursor concentration showed the highest sensitivity. In order to optimize the operating temperature, the sensitivity of the sensor to 50 ppm NO<SUB>2</SUB>gas was measured at different operating temperatures, from 50 to 200<SUP>°</SUP>C. The gas sensitivity increased with an increase in operating temperature and achieved the maximum value at 150<SUP>°</SUP>C, followed by a decrease in sensitivity with further increase of the operating temperature. The sensitivity was about 35 % for 50 ppm NO<SUB>2</SUB>at 150<SUP>°</SUP>C with rapid response time of 6 s. T90 and T10 recovery time was 97 s at this gas concentration.</P>