남미 경제통합의 현황과 전망 : MERCOSUR를 중심으로

박윤재,윤현덕 서울대학교 국제지역원 1994 국제지역연구 Vol.3 No.3

1991년 3월 26일 아순시온에서 브라질 아르헨티나 파라과이 및 우루과이는 1995년 1월1일 까지 1)상품, 서비스, 금융자원 및 근로자들의 자유로운 이동, 2)비관세 장벽들의 철폐, 3) 역외수입에 대한 공동관세 적용, 4) 거시경제정책 및 무역, 농업, 운송 및 통신분야 등의 정책 조율이라는 목표를 달성하기 위하여 함께 노력하기로 다짐하였다. 그러나 유럽의 경우 거의 40년이나 소요된 일을 불과 4년만에 해내려고 하는 과정에서 이들은 막상 적지 않은 문제에 봉착하게 되었다. 특히 MERCOSUR GDP의 90퍼센트 이상을 차지하는 브라질과 아르헨티나는 역외수입에 대한 공동관세율, 상당기간 보호조치를 허용하는 무역자유화 예외품목, 상이한 경제정책 등을 놓고 첨예한 대립을 빚기도 하여 남미에서 여러 차례 시도되었던 여타의 경제통합 노력과 마찬가지로 MERCOSUR도 유명무실하게 될 것으로 전망하는 지경에 까지도 이르게 되었다. 그러나 많은 우여곡절을 거치고, 그간에 표출된 회원국들 간의 차이를 조정하는 실무작업을 거쳐 1994년 8월 5일 부에노스 아이레스 정상회담에서 4개국 정상들은 공동시장형성의 의지를 재천명하며 1995년 1월1일부터 남미공동시장을 출범시키기로하는 협정을 조인하기에 이르렀다. 이는 아순시온협약 이후에 회원국들간에 표출되었던 심각한 이견과 갈등을 감안하면 상당한 발전이었다. 역내에서 민주화 개방화 민영화가 계속 확대되고 경제적 안정기반이 구축되고, 나아가 칠레와 볼리비아를 위시한 주변국가들을 회원국으로 받아들여 MERCOSUR의 영역이 확대된다면, 국제무역환경에서 MERCOSUR가 차지하는 위상과 영향력이 크게 확대될 사능성도 조심스럽게 전망되고 있다. MERCOSUR의 추진배경과 목적, 진척경과 및 현재의 상황, 회원국들의 교역 및 투자여건, 한국과의 경제관계, 공동시장 형성의 효과 및 활성화의 요건등을 살펴본다. On March 26, 1991, in Asuncion, the four South American countries - Arjentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay - signed an agreement for the establishment of a "common market of the southern cone(MERCOSUR)". This common market was to involve 1)the free movement of goods, services and factors of production among the member countries through the elimination of customs duties and non-tariff restrictions, 2)establishment of a common external tariff and adoption of a common trade policy in relation to the Third States or groups of States, and 3)coordination of macroeconomic and sectoral policies between the States Parties in such areas as foreign trade, agriculture, dustry, fiscal and monetary matters. In their effort to accomplish in only four years what the European countries have achieved in forty years, these countries came across many unexpected problems. Conflicts over the issues of common external tariff, sensitive products, and economic policy measures among the member countries reached so high a level that some experts predicted that the MERCOSUR would be one of the unsuccessful attempts for economic integration made in the region. However, on August 5, 1994, at the summit conference held in Buenos Aires, the four member countries overcame a long-standing dispute and agreed upon a compromise formula allowing the creation of a customs union on January 1, 1995. At present, the impact of the MERCOSUR in the arena of international trade is not considered to be so far-fetching. However, if these countries keep marching toward more liberalization, democratization and privatization, the MERCOSUR may evolve as one of the influential palyers in the international trade and investment. The background of the MERCOSUR creation, conflicts and compromises among the member countries, their trade and investment climates, their economic relations with Korea, the impact of the MERCOSUR creation, and the prerequisites for its successful operation have been reviewed and analyzed.

건설 예정의 Coil Center 운영에 대한 Simulation 분석

성덕현,윤원영,옥영석 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.52 No.-

본 논문은 건설예정인 coil center의 처리능력과 물류를 평가하기위한 시뮬레이션모델을 개발하는 연구이다. 경험적인 추정에 의한 야드에서의 수량, 저장시간의 분포를 구하고 3가지 운영대안이 제안되어 SLAMII를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 실시하며 최종적인 대안은 설비(Slitter)의 추가가 추천되어 이 것에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과를 분석한다. 그 결과 Slitter와 저장야드의 병목현상이 나타나므로 향후 이부분에 대한 기술적인 고려가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. In this paper, the simulation model is developed to evaluate the capacity and the material flow of the planned coil center. By the empirical estimation, the distributions of the quantity and the elapse time in the yard are obtained, and three alternatives are proposed. Based on the primitive simulation using SLAMII, the final alternative is prepared which includes one more facility (slitter), and the simulation is also performed. The result shows that the slitter and the storage yard are the bottleneck points throughout the slitting process. And the problem should be solved technically in managerial decision making related to construct the new coil center.

삼각퍼지수와 어의차이 척도를 이용한 서비스 품질 측정

이석훈,윤덕균 한국품질경영학회 2004 품질경영학회지 Vol.32 No.3

In this paper we propose a new method of evaluating customers' service quality using triangle fuzzy numbers and semantic differential scale. These two parameters are useful for quantifying the customers' linguistic variables and subjective judgements. We define the Service Quality(SQ) as the ratio of the expected and perceived service and address the Agreement Rate(AR) calculated from the hamming distance in order to define the Service Rate(SR) as the geometric mean of the SQ and AR. Using the SR in the analysis of service attributes provides more appropriate to measure the customers' service quality and to establish a creative service policy for competitive service quality improvement.

퍼지 데이터를 이용한 불량률(Ρ) 관리도의 설계

김계완,서현수,윤덕균 한국품질경영학회 2004 품질경영학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Using the p chart is not adequate in case that there are lots of data and it is difficult to divide into products conforming or nonconforming because of obscurity of binary classification. So we need to design a new control chart which represents obscure situation efficiently. This study deals with the method to performing arithmetic operation representing fuzzy data into fuzzy set by applying fuzzy set theory and designs a new control chart taking account of a concept of classification on the term set and membership function associated with term set.

검사/계측시스템의 능력분석을 포함한 비공정능력지수의 개발과 적용

민성진,김계완,류정현,윤덕균 한국품질경영학회 2002 품질경영학회지 Vol.30 No.1

This paper presents a process incapability index to provide manager with various information of process and to reduce cost. The introduced process incapability indices indicate information about mean and variance of manufacturing process and variance of inspection process to evaluate process capability using ratio of variance and difference between target and mean to specification. This model can be used by the scale of six sigma management.

동일한 시료에 대한 국내 기관간의 STR 분석결과 비교 : STR 유전자좌 분석법의 표준화 설정을 위하여

박종태,신경진,양윤석,우광만,이숭덕,이승환,이정빈,정연보,조승희,한길로,한면수,홍승범 大韓法醫學會 2001 대한법의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This paper described a collaborative exercise intended to see what kinds of short tandem repeat (STR) loci are used in different DNA typing laboratories in Korea and to compare their results for the demonstration whether uniformity of DNA profiling results from different laboratory could be achieved in Korea Laboratories were asked to test five tissue DNAs using methods routinely used in each laboratory and to report the results to the coordinating laboratory. The exercise demonstrated that each laboratory was using different STR loci for the typing with different STR numbers,2 VNTRS,36 STRs and amelogenin in total, and the direct comparison of the results from all the laboratory for the 18 loci could not be done as only one laboratory submitted typing results. Among 21 loci for which several laboratories submitted typing results, results for 14 loci were the same and results for the other 7 loci were different depending on the participating laboratory. D1S80, F13A01, D16S539, D21S11, D18S51, D3S1744 were the loci with different typing results. Even in the cases where commercial kits were used, the results were not the same depending on the machines used, that is the capillary electrophoresis or the gel based electrophoresis. The reason for the different results, points about the standardization of the methods arid the profiling data were described.

동일한 국제예후지표(International Prognostic Index)를 나타내는 미만성 대형 B-세포 림프종에서 Bcl-2와 p16의 임상적 중요성

박상은,박수진,곽승근,박남숙,천재민,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용,김진만 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

In Korea, malignant lymphoma is a common cancer, comprising about 2.7% of all malignant neoplasm. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma, representing about 50% of all Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is usually considered as heterogeneous group of neoplasms rather than a single clinicopathological entity. Clinical prognostic systems, including the International Prognostic Index (IPI), although useful to assess overall prognosis, embrace patients with heterogeneous prognoses. But International Prognostic Index scoring system is not sufficiently predict the prognosis. It is likely that the prognostic assessment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomamight be improved by using biological features. Bcl-2 protein and p16 protein expression is recognized as useful biologic markers predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To determine the clinical significance and prognostic value of bcl-2 and p16 proteins expression patterns, we studied 18 patients with de novo DLBL, whose archival pathology specimen were available for immunohistochemistry studies, atChungnam National University Hospital from September 1992 to December 2000. Archival specimens from each patient were immunostained with respective antibodies for bcl-2, p16. The results are as follows; 1) The median age was 54(rage : 37-69). There were 12 male patients(66.7%) and 6 female patients(33.3%) The 'B' symptom was abscentin all patients. The stages were as follows : Ⅰ, 2 patient(11.1%), Ⅱ, 10 patient(55.6%), Ⅲ, 4patient(22.2%) and Ⅳ, 2patient(11.1%). 3 patients(16.8%) had the elevated LDH level, 14 patients(77.8%) had the normal LDH level and 1 patients(5.6%) was not identified the LDH level. 2 patients(11.1%) had the bulky disease and 16 patients(88.7%) had no bulky diease. The distribution of ECOG status were O, 2 patients(11.1%c), 1, 14patients(77.8%) and 2, 2patients(11.1%). 2) Theimmunohistochemistry results are as follows bcl-2:+,10 patients(55.6%), bcl-2:-, 8patinets(44.4%), p16:+,3 patients(16.7%), p16:-, 15patients(83.3%) 3) After a median follow UP durations of 67 months, the median survival time was 57 months with a rage of 7-100+ months. 5-years overall survival rates was 44% by Kaplan-Meier method. 4) Reduced overall survival was demonstrated in the patients who expressed bcl-2 protein(P=0.0174). 5-year overall survivial rate was 12%(bcl-2 expression) versus 88%(no bcl-2 expression) 5) Among diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with IPI score 0-1, reduced overall survival was demonstrated with bcl-2 expression(P=0.023). 5-year overall survival rate was 18%(bcl-2 expression group) versus 100%(no bcl-2 expressiongroup) 6) Median survival durtation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients negative for p16 expression was 57 months whereas p16 postive patients' median survival duration was not reached(P=0.4478). In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with identical IPI scores, bcl-2 expression had additional prognostic value.

Interactive effect of dietary glycine and betaine supplementation on productive performance and egg quality in aged laying hens raised under heat stress conditions

Deok Yun Kim,Seung Yeon Won,Hyun Woo Kim,Dong Yong Kil 한국가금학회 2022 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.11

S-119 : The influence of body mass index on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy Korean subjects

( Deok Yun Ju ),( Yong Kyun Cho ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Background/Aims: Body mass index (BMI) is related to insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between BMI and IR, NAFLD in apparently healthy Korean subjects. Methods: A cross sectional analysis was conducted among healthy Korean adults. Initial data were obtained from 27,033 participants in a healthy checkup program at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea in 2009. IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and IR was considered with HOMA-IR>2. NAFLD was presented by ultrasonographic finding. We considered alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevated if above the upper normal limit (>40 IU/L in men, >35 IU/L in women). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratio in NAFLD, IR and ALT according to the categorized levels of the BMI. Results: NAFLD was found in 27.9% (82.6% men, 17.4% women) of the subjects. IR was 17.2% (68.1% men, 31.9% women), elevated ALT was 10% (83% men, 17% women) of subject. After adjusted for confounding factor, the prevalence of NAFLD, IR and elevated ALT was significant associated with increasing category of BMI. (highest category in NAFLD; OR 25.507[95% CI 19.150-33.974] in men, 39.476 [95% CI 26.638-58.502] in women, p<0.001), (highest category in IR; OR 22.580 [95% CI 17.035-29.929] in men, 22.748 [95% CI 15.647-33.071] in women, p<0.001) (highest category in elevated ALT; OR 11.181 [95% CI 8.414-14.857] in men, 17.528 [95% CI 10.847-28.324] in women p<0.001) Conclusion: BMI is contribute to IR and NAFLD in apparent healthy Korean subjects. So BMI may be a most important factor of developing IR and NAFLD.

HCV : PE-094 ; The influence of waist circumference on insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in apparently healthy Korean subjects

( Deok Yun Ju ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Woon Je Heo ),( Won Seok Choi ),( Jung Ho Park ),( Hong Joo Kim ),( Dong Il Park ),( Chong Il Sohn ),( Woo Kyu Jeon ),( Byung Ik Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background: Waist circumference (WC) is a valuable component of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference is related to insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between waist circumference and IR , NAFLD in apparently healthy Korean subjects. Methods: After exclusion criteria, 9159 (5052men, 4107 women) subjects who participated in comprehensive health checkup program enrolled this study. Cross-sectional study was performed. IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and IR was considered with HOMA-IR>2. NAFLD was presented by ultrasonographic finding. We considered alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevated if above the upper normal limit (>40IU/L in men, >35IU/L in women). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratio in NAFLD, IR and ALT according to the categorized levels of the waist circumference. Results: NAFLD was found in 27.9% (82.6% men, 17.4% women) of the subjects. IR was 17.2% (68.1% men, 31.9% women), elevated ALT was 10% (83% men, 17% women) of subject. After adjusted for confounding factor, the prevalence of NAFLD, IR and elevated ALT was significant associated with increasing quartile of waist circumference. (highest quartile in NAFLD; OR 15.539 [95% CI 12.687?19.033] in men, 23.918[95% CI 23.918 ? 99.288] in women, p<0.001), (highest quartile in IR ; OR 17.576[95% CI 13.283?23.255] in men, 11.078[95% CI 7.813?15.708] in women, p<0.001) (highest quartile in elevated ALT ; OR 7.952[95% CI 6.046?10.459] in men, 8.487[95% CI 4.679-15.395] in women p<0.001) Conclusion: Waist circumference is contribute to IR and NAFLD in apparent healthy Korean subjects. So waist circumference may be a most important factor of developing IR and NAFLD.