Comparison of Proliferative Activity in Each Histological Subtypes of Benign and Atypical Intracranial Meningiomas by PCNA and Ki-67 Immunolabeling

최승진,장은덕,권성오,계대곤,박춘근,이상원,강준기,Choi, Seung Jin,Chang, Eun Deok,Kwon, Seung Oh,Kye, Dae Kon,Park, Choon Keun,Lee, Sang Won,Kang, Joon Ki The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.9

목 적 : 양성 뇌수막종에 비하여 이형성 및 악성 뇌수막종이 나쁜 임상적인 예후 및 양상을 보이는 것은 잘 알려져 있으나, 양성 뇌수막종에 있어서 각각의 병리조직학적 아형에 따른 생물학적 양상의 차이에 대해서는 잘 알려지지 않거나 일부 논란이 되고있다. 본 연구에서는 이형성 뇌수막종 및 양성 뇌수막종의 각각의 병리조직학적 아형에 따른 증식능의 차이여부를 알아보고자 PCNA와 Ki-67표지지수를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 본원에서 뇌수막종으로 수술을 시행하여 얻은, 재발을 보여 재수술을 시행한 2례를 포함하여, 파라핀에 포매시킨 27개의 조직을 대상으로 병리학적인 증식능을 분석하기 위해, PCNA에 대한 단일항체 및 MIB-1 단일항체를 이용한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하였다. 조직학적 분류상 meningothelial type이 8례, transitional type이 9례, fibroblastic type이 5례였으며, 이형성 수막종이 5례였다. 결 과 : PCNA표지지수의 평균값은 양성 수막종에서 meningothelial type이 $4.82{\pm}5.10%$, transitional type이 $9.01{\pm}4.25%$, fibroblastic type이 $5.66{\pm}5.32%$를 보였으나 이형성 수막종에서는 $27.62{\pm}19.67%$의 높은 지수를 나타냈고, Ki-67 표지지수의 평균값은 양성 수막종의 아형에서 각각 $0.43{\pm}0.85%$, $0.44{\pm}1.08%$, $0.24{\pm}0.18%$를 보이고, 역시 이형성 수막종에서는 $0.84{\pm}0.59%$의 높은 지수를 보였다. 즉, 양성 수막종에서 각각의 아형에 따른 PCNA 및 Ki-67 표지지수는 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었으나(p>0.05), 이형성 수막종에서는 의미있는 높은 표지지수를 보여(p<0.05) 양성 수막종에서 보다 높은 증식능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : PCNA 및 Ki-67 표지지수를 이용한 증식능의 비교결과, 양성 뇌수막종에서는 각각의 아형에 따른 생물학적 양상이나 예후는 차이가 없을것으로 생각되나, 이형성 수막종에서는 높은 증식능을 보여 이에 대한 예후를 예상할 수 있을것으로 생각되며, 또한 이러한 표지지수가 병리조직학적으로 양성과 이형성의 감별에 많은 도움이 될것으로 사료된다. Objective : The clinical prognosis and biological behavior of atypical and especially malignant meningiomas are well known to be worse than benign meningioma, but the degree of biological aggressiveness in each classical subtypes of benign meningioma is controversy. This study was performed to see whether there is a difference in the proliferative activity between each different histological subtypes of benign meningioma as well as atypical meningioma. Methods : Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of 27 meningiomas, including two recurrent tumors, were studied to evaluate proliferative activity by immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and MIB-1. The specimens consisted of 8 cases of meningothelial, 9 cases of transitional, 5 cases of fibroblastic subtypes and 5 cases of atypical meningiomas. Results : Mean PCNA labeling indices of meningothelial, transitional and fibroblastic meningiomas were $4.82{\pm}5.10%$, $9.01{\pm}4.25%$ and $5.66{\pm}5.32%$, but that of atypical meningiomas was $27.62{\pm}19.67%$, noting a higher value compared to all three subtypes of benign meningiomas. Mean Ki-67 labeling indices of the above 3 subtypes were $0.43{\pm}0.85%$, $0.44{\pm}1.08%$ and $0.24{\pm}0.18%$, and that of atypical meningiomas was also revealed to be of higher value ($0.84{\pm}0.59%$). PCNA and Ki-67 labeling indices were not statistically different between histological subtypes of benign meningioma(p>0.05), but the differences of both immunolabeling between benign and atypical meningiomas were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion : Immunolabeling of PCNA and Ki-67 in intracranial meningiomas reveals no prognostic difference between meningothelial, transitional and fibroblastic subtypes in classical benign meningiomas by measuring expression of PCNA and Ki-67, but it seems to be helpful in differentiating benign and atypical meningioma, later showing more proliferative activity and biological aggressiveness.

朝鮮時代 地方 邑治의 造營規範에 관한 硏究 : 朝鮮後期 史料에 나타난 忠淸道를 중심으로 Focused on ChungChong-Do in the Literature of the Late Chosun Dynasty

김기덕 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5

This study is to find out the standard in building the Eupchi in Chungchong province with Chungchong-do regional maps and Eupjis being compiled in the late Chosun dynasty. In the layout of Eupchi(the center of an administrative district in counties and prefectures) in Chungcheong-do, which was influenced by Feng-Shui, the most central core institution was not Gaeksa but Dongheon. Dongheon mostly took Jinsan of Eupchi as the center of Eupchi and government office. The building of Eupchi is on the principle that was the city where Jwamyo-Usa(the principle which placed Divine palace east of the main palace, an altar for god of soil grain west) and Jeonjo-Husi(the principle which placed government buildings south of the main palace, a market north) of Jurye-Gogonggi(an urban design manual in ancient China) that was a plan standard of the Hanyang. Sajikdan of Eupchi is the same layout as it was located in the west of Eupchi, as Sajikdan of a capital city was located in the right of a palace. And in the Usa of Eupchi, Gaeksa corresponded to Jongmyo, the location of it was related with the main road to pass by Gunhyeon. As for the Jeonjo-Husi of Eupchi, it can say that the general idea of Jeonjo in capital city applied. Jakcheong corresponding to a general idea of Jeonjo, is located in the front of Oesammun or right and left. And the Jangsi of Gunhyeon was opened in front of government office or Gaeksa, and the Gunhyeon which had Eupseong was established in the inside and outside of Eupseong. Therefore, in the Jeonjo-Husi having been a planning principle of the capital, Jeonjo was applied to Eupchi like Hanyang, but the general idea of Husi was transformed because of the topography and the road.

모형식품의 리올로지 특성

천기철,박영덕,장규섭 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1995 농업과학연구 Vol.22 No.1

The model foods were prepared by simulating mositure, protein and starch, and they were heated for 30 mins, at 80℃ and then cooled at 25℃ in water bath. Their rheological properties were investigated by the use of Brookfield wide-gap rotational viscometer at 30~60℃, and the rotation speed ranged from 0.6 to 6 rpm and solid content ranged from 8% to 11%, the results obtained were as follows. 1. All the model foods (P_1S_3, P_2S_2, P_1S_1, P_2S_1, P_3S_1, P_4S_0) exhibited pseudoplastic behaviors with yeild stress and were thixotropic foods which showed time - dependent structural decays, but the starch food of 8~11 % solid content did not show the flow behavior. 2. The correlation between the rheological parameters and the protein content of model foods in various moisture content did not appeared a constant relationship. 3. The change of shear stress against shear rate in high starch foods was larger than that in high protein foods and the structure at initial shear time was decayed with a quatic equation according to the Tiu's Model and structural decay was in parallel with the increase of shear rate. 4. The temperature dependency of the apparent viscosity of P_1S_2, and P_2S_1 was fully expressed by Arrhenius equation and activation energies of their food were 2.35 and 1.34 Kcal/g·mol, respectively.

에이즈 환자에서 발생한 조류형결핵균 뇌수막염 1예

이기덕,박완범,정혜승,강철인,김동민,김홍빈,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

에이즈 환자의 중추신경계 합병증으로 에이즈 바이러스 자체에 의한 합병증, 기회감염, 종양 등이 있다. 저자들은 전신긴장간대발작을 일으킨 31세 남자 에이즈 환자에 발생한 조류형결핵균 뇌수막염을 조직학적 및 미생물학적으로 증명하고, 항비결핵미코박테리아 약제를 고농도로 투여하여 치료하였다. 조류형결핵균 뇌수막염은 결핵성 뇌수막염으로 잘못 진단되면 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있으므로, 조직검사를 포함한 적극적인 검사가 필요하다. We report a case of Mycobacterium avium-intraceliuiarae meningoencephalitis found in a 31-year-old patient with AIDS and preexisting disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellularae infection. He had been taking highly active antiretroviral therapy and antimycobacterial medications when he developed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Repeated workups including blood and cerebrospinal fluid examinations and magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain revealed nondiagnostic. The diagnosis was made by stereotactic brain biopsy of the nodule, which was detected 9 month after the first seizure attack in brain MRI. Acid-fast bacilli were observed on microscopic exam. Mycobacterium avium-intracellularae was isolated from the biopsy specimen.

대량재해에 있어 미토콘드리아 DNA의 다형성을 이용한 개인식별

이숭덕,김기범,이윤성,최영태,신창호,이정빈 大韓法醫學會 1996 대한법의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) is a small extranuclear DNA molecule that has been sequenced in man. the mtDNA has distinct characteristics over nuclear DNA. First, the evolutionary rate of nucleotide substitution appears to be larger compared with the nuclear DNA. Second, mtDNA is maternally inherited, so the determination of the various haplotype is unequivocal and no recombination has to be involved. Third, there is a 1.1 kb long control region, which shows severe polymorphism. These characteristics have been applied for several evolutionary study. Furthermore, they exist in cytoplasm with numerous copy number and their size, 16,569 bp is small relative to nuclear DNA, so they are more resistant to degradation or can be types in samples with only cytoplasm such as hair shaft without hair root. These presented the possibility of mtDNA as a tool in individual identification, especially when the nuclear DNA be unavailable. Actually, polymorphism in control region has been applied to individual identification for the skeletal remain found in Vietnam war. So we decided to apply the polymorphism of mtDNA in control region for the individual identification in case of mass disaster-"Downfall of Sampoong Department". Human remains from total 27 different individuals and 178 control persons were submitted for the individual identification. As the mtDNA comparison could be done through maternal lineage, 12 individual from 9 families from the control group were ruled out, because these families were consisted of father or were seeking for their father. Sequencing for the mtDNA control region was done using ABI automatic sequencer and DyeDeoxy Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit. For convenience, sequencing reaction was done for two separate control region, region I from 16016-16401 in Anderson sequence, and regionⅡ from 048-388. First, sequences in regionⅡ of all samples and control persons were compared, and 20 samples were ruled out with no identical sequences in control group. Remaining 7 samples showed identical sequences with some of the control persons in three groups, and these identical pairs underwent mtDNA region I study. After region I study all samples except two dropped out in blood relationship. For the confirmation, STR and VNTR study such as MCT118, apoB, YNZ22, vWF, MBP, D21S11, TC-11 were done for remaining the two samples. The result denied the blood relationship between these two samples and any of the control group.

설치류 뇌에서 c-Fos를 이용하여 삼투조절과 관련된 신경회로의 규명

이영기,박덕배,장가용 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 2000 제주생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구는 생쥐의 중추신경계통에서 고장액에 반응하여 c-Fos에 대한 면역양성을 나타내는 지역을 규명하고자 수행하였다. c-Fos의 발현은 면역조직화적으로 검출하고 신경세포의 활성화에 대한 표식자로 이용하였다. 고장액은 생쥐 뇌의 supraoptic nuclus, median preoptic nucleus organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, sufornical organ, locus coeluleus, nucleus of solitary tract, ventrolateral medulla, parabrachial nucleus 등에서 발현되었다. 특히 retrochiasmatic area의 배쪽 부분에서 많은 c-Fos면역양성의 세포가 관철되었으며, 시상하부의 paraventricular nucleus나 두뇌의 area postrema에서는 c-Fos면역양성세포가 거의 관철되지 않았는데 이들 지역들은 흰쥐에서는 다수의 c-Fos면역양성 세포가 나타나는 지역이다. 이상의 결과들은 생쥐에서 고장액이에 의해 c-Fos면역양성 세포가 나타나는 지역은 흰쥐에서와는 일부 상이한 결과를 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. Experiments were carried out on adult mouse to investigate the regional localization of the cells inducing c-Fos immunoreactivity in central nervous system in response to hypertonic saline(HS). c-Fos induction, detected immunohistochemically, was regarded as a marker for neuronal activation. Intraperitoneal injection of HS resulted in dense c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in several forebrain and brainstem area. These areas include the supraoptic nucleus(SON), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), organum vasculosum lamina terminalis(OVLT), subfornical organ(SFO), locus coeruleus(LC), nucleus of solitary tract(NTS), ventrolateral medulla(VLM), and parabrachial nucleus(PBN). In particular, the ventral region of retrochiasmatic area showed numerous and very intensely labeled FLI cells. No FLI or few FLI cells were, however, detected in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the area postrema(AP) respectively, the regions which revealed very intensive FLI in rat after HS treatment. These data suggest that FLI induced in response to osmotic stimuli in the mouse brawn has a different regional distribution from that of rat brain.

高麗後期의 宗室封君制

金基德 건국대학교 사학회 1993 建大史學 Vol.8 No.-

전기 치수 검사 시 역치 자극 이후 과용(過用) 자극 시간의 측정

남기창,안선희,김수찬,김덕원,이승종 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.3

Use of electric pulp testing elicits painful response in vital teeth. In this study, we examined the excessive time from pain feeling to stimulation disconnection in clinical situation. D626D (Parkell Inc., USA.) scan type electric pulp tester was used in total of 23 young healthy individuals. Each of the right central incisors and first premolars were used as testing teeth. Stimulation disconnection was achieved by EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, finger span, and voice and the excessive stimulation time over the sensory threshold was recorded. As a result, we found that the short responses before the stimulation disconnection appeared following order: EMG, finger span, and voice. The EMG disconnection is suggested to be used to reduce the excessive stimulus time in electric pulp testing.

PC12 세포에서 Sertraline을 위시한 항우울제에 의한 칼슘길항 유사효과

박기창,공인덕,정해숙,한준규,박규상,이중우,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.3

본 실험에서는 PC12 세포를 신경세포 모델로 형광물질인 fura-2 및 bisoxonol을 이용하여 세포내 유리 칼슘이온 농도 및 막전압을 각각 측정하여 화학구조가 서로 다른 몇몇 항우울제가 막전압 의존성 칼슘통로의 활성화 및 ATP를 통한 수용체 의존성 칼슘통로의 활성화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 억제제의 하나인 sertraline은 60mM KCI 자극 및 100μM ATP 자극에 의한 [Ca²+]i의 증가를 억제하였으며 이때 IC50 값은 각각 2.5μM과 5.3μM이었다. 2) 막전압 의존성 칼슘통로 및 ATP에 의한 수용체 의존성 칼슘통로의 억제효과는 sertraline을 비롯한 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 억제제나 삼환계 항우울제인 경우 크나, 비전형 항우울제인 trazodone 이나 MAO 억제제인 moclobemide의 경우에는 효과가 미미했다. 3) Sertraline 자체는 농도 의존적으로 지속적인 막전압의 탈분극을 유발하였으며 이에 따라 안정시의 세포내 유리 칼슘이온 농도를 일부 증가시켰다. 4) Sertraline에 의한 칼슘이온 농도 증가효과는 일부 세포내 Ca²+ 저장소로부터 동원이 관여하나 주로 세포막을 통한 칼슘유입에 의해 일어난다. 5) 여러 항우울제 중 sertraline에 의한 탈분극 효과가 가장 컸으며 그 외의 선택적 serotonin 재섭취 억제제, 삼환계 항우울제들은 탈분극 효과가 있었으나 비전형 항우울제인 trazodone은 일부의 효과를 그리로 MAO 억제제인 moclobemide는 막전압에 전혀 영향을 주지 않았다. 6) ATP는 일시적인 탈분극을 유발하였는데 sertraline 전처지로 탈분극 효과가 억제되었으며 이때 IC50는 30μM이었다. 7) ATP에 의한 세포내 칼슘이온 농도의 증가는 nimodipine에 의해 일부만 억제되었으나 sertraline을 함께 투여한 경우에는 그 억제 효과가 훨씬 더 증가하였다. 이상의 실험결과로 미루어 보아 항우울제 중에서 sertraline을 비롯한 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 억제제나 삼환계 항우울제들은 신경세포를 지속적으로 탈분극 시키고 세포내 유리 칼슘농도를 증가시키는 한편 막전압 의존성 칼슘통로와 수용체 의존성 칼슘통로를 차단하여 그 효과가 나타나는 것으로 사료된다. It has been known that antidepressants have calcium antagonist-like action in neuronal tissues. However, their mechanisms are still obscure. For the study of neurochemical mechanism of antidepressants, the authors examined the effects of antidepressants(1-100μM) on the intracellular Ca²+ concentration ([Ca²+]i) and the membrane potential in PC12 cells using fluorescent dyes, fura-2/AM and bisoxonol, respectively. The results were as follows : 1) Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI), inhibited the increment of [Ca²+]i induced by high 60 mM KCl and 100μM ATP with an IC50 value of 2.5μM and 5.4μM, respectively. 2) SSRIs(sertraline, paroxetine and fluoxetine) and tricyclic antidepressants(imipramine and amitriptyline) had strong effects on the inhibition of both voltage-dependent Ca²+ channel and receptor-dependent Ca²+channel, whereas atypical antidepressant(trazodone) and MAO inhibitor(moclobemide) had little effects. 3) Sertraline itself depolarized the membrane potential in a sustained manner depending on its own concentration and it also increased the basal level of [Ca²+]i. 4) The increment of [Ca²+]i might be induced partly by the release from the intracellular calcium store, but mostly induced by the calcium transport through membrane. 5) Among those antidepressants tested, sertraline was the most potent one, Other SSRIs(paroxetine and fluoxetine) and tricyclic antidepressants(imipramine and amitriptyline) were moderately potent. Atypical antidepressant(trazodone) had little effects, and MAO inhibitor(moclobemide) had no effect on the depolarization. 6) External application of ATP induced temporary depolarization. This effect was blocked by prior treatment with sertraline with an IC50 value of 30μM. 7) The increment of [Ca²+]i through voltage-dependent Ca²+ channel was almost inhibited by a selective calcium channel blocker(nimodipine). However, the ATP-induced increment of [Ca²+]i was partially inhibited by nimodipine. These inhibitor effects were potentiated by the addition of sertraline. In the light of these results, it is likely that SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants could show the blocking effects on both voltage-dependent and receptor-dependent calcium channel by depolarizing neuronal cell membrane potential in a sustained manner and by increasing intracellular free calcium level.

간섬유화를 유동한 랫드에서 동충하초(冬蟲夏草)의 효소 활성에 과한 연구

김상덕,이건목,김기영,이기남 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: We study on the effects of Cordyceps sinensis (Dongchunghacho: DCHC) about activity of hepatic enzyme, which is presumed to be effective on the liver disease at Oriental Medicine. Methods: In the study, the antifibrotic effects of DCHC was investigated by oral applicalion on liver fibrosis induced in rats. Female Sprague Dawly rats were divided in 3 groups (control, liver fibrosis induced group, liver fibrosis induced and DCHC oral application group). For liver fibrosis induction, rats were i. p. injected in 11 weeks (0.125㎖/rat/day). Rats were treated for 10 weeks with DCHC extracts(0.16g/㎏/day). After application of DCHC, all group rats were sacrified. and collected blood and liver tissue. After centrifugation of blood, sera was used for the measurement of clinical biochemistry (ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin). The parameter of collagen deposition in liver tissue (hydroxyproline: HYP) was measured by a colorimetry. Results: In the result, jaundice was not observed in all groups, but was showed hepatomegaly in CCl4 treated group and CCl4/DCHC applicated group. The ratio of body liver weight of CCl4 treated rats was significantly higher than in DCHC treated rats (5.2±0.4%, 4.0±0.3%, p<0.01), but the weights of spleen and kidney in all group investigated were not changed significantly. The content of HYP was significantly lower in CCl4 with DCHC group than in CCl4 group (642.0±54.0, 688.0±30.5 ㎍/1g, p<0.05). In DCHC treated group, the values of AST, ALP, BUN, γ-GTP were very low compared with only CCl4 intoxificated group(p<0.01). This result represents that CCl4 injection induced liver fibrosis in 11 weeks. DCHC inhibited significantly the accumulation of collagen in the extracellular space and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GTP in serum. Conclusion: It conclude that DCHC extracts is proven to protect against liver fibrosis in rat and to stimulate liver function.