Cholecystokinin facilitates glutamate release by increasing the number of readily releasable vesicles and releasing probability.

Deng, Pan-Yue,Xiao, Zhaoyang,Jha, Archana,Ramonet, David,Matsui, Toshimitsu,Leitges, Michael,Shin, Hee-Sup,Porter, James E,Geiger, Jonathan D,Lei, Saobo The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.15

<P>Cholecystokinin (CCK), a neuropeptide originally discovered in the gastrointestinal tract, is abundantly distributed in the mammalian brains including the hippocampus. Whereas CCK has been shown to increase glutamate concentration in the perfusate of hippocampal slices and in purified rat hippocampal synaptosomes, the cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby CCK modulates glutamatergic function remain unexplored. Here, we examined the effects of CCK on glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus using whole-cell recordings from hippocampal slices. Application of CCK increased AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs at perforant path-dentate gyrus granule cell, CA3-CA3 and Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses without effects at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. CCK-induced increases in AMPA EPSCs were mediated by CCK-2 receptors and were not modulated developmentally and transcriptionally. CCK reduced the coefficient of variation and paired-pulse ratio of AMPA EPSCs suggesting that CCK facilitates presynaptic glutamate release. CCK increased the release probability and the number of readily releasable vesicles with no effects on the rate of recovery from vesicle depletion. CCK-mediated increases in glutamate release required the functions of phospholipase C, intracellular Ca(2+) release and protein kinase Cgamma. CCK released endogenously from hippocampal interneurons facilitated glutamatergic transmission. Our results provide a cellular and molecular mechanism to explain the roles of CCK in the brain.</P>

Silencing downstream of receptor kinase gene (drk) impairs larval-pupal ecdysis in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)

Pan Deng,Jun-Li Du,Li-Li Mu,Kai-Yun Fu,Wen-Chao Guo,Guo-Qing Li 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1

In insects, an insulin-like peptide (ILP) triggers the formation of the insulin receptor (InR)/the insulin receptor substrate Chico complex. The complex then recruits downstream of receptor kinase (Drk) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) to initiate two signaling branches, i.e., Drk-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Pi3K-protein kinase B subdivisions. Previous findings reveal that RNA interference (RNAi) of LdILP2 or Ldchico, rather than Ldpi3k92E, impairs larval-pupal and pupal-adult molting in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. It is accordingly hypothesized that the Drk-MAPK branch regulates larval metamorphosis. In the present paper, we first found that silencing LdILP2, Ldchico or Ldpi3k92E did not decrease the expression level of Lddrk, indicating other receptor tyrosine kinases’ signaling except insulin pathway is not affected in the RNAi larvae. Moreover, two InRs and Torso were highly expressed in the final larval instars. Furthermore, RNAi of either Lddrk or Ldchico, or both of them equally affected larval-pupal and pupal-adult molts, and similarly repressed the expression of representative MAPK (Ldras and Ldraf), ecdysteroidogenesis (Ldphm and Ldsad), and 20E signaling (LdEcR, LdUSP, LdHR3 and LdE75) genes. 20E feeding by Lddrk RNAi larvae completely restored the reduced mRNA levels of LdEcR, LdHR3 and LdE75, but did not rescued the decreased Lddrk and LdUSP levels and the lowered pupation and emergence rates. Therefore, our findings suggest that the Drk-MAPK branch is involved in metamorphosis regulation in L. decemlineata.

애니메이션의 크로스 컬처럴 커뮤니케이션의 성공전략 연구 -〈센과 치히로의 행방불명〉을 사례로-

판덩(Pan Deng),박성호(Park, Seong-Ho) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2022 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.66

크로스 컬처럴 커뮤니케이션이라는 단어는 에드워드 홀이 <침묵의 언어>에서 최초로 제기된 것으로 상이한 문화적 배경에 있는 사회 구성원 간의 인적 교류 및 정보 전파 활동과 더불어 다양한 문화 요소들이 글로벌 사회에서 이동, 확산, 변동을 일으키는 과정과 그 밖에 다양한 집단, 문화, 국가, 나아가 인류 공동체에 미치는 영향력을 가리킨다. 경제와 문화의 글로벌화라는 공동작용 아래, 애니메이션의 크로스 컬처럴 커뮤니케이션은 이미 당대의 하나의 현상으로 자리매김 하게 되었다. 2001년 일본에서 개봉한 <센과 치히로의 행방불명>은 큰 성공을 거뒀다. 이는 2D 애니메이션으로서 일본의 토착문화를 바탕으로 한 작품이다. 이 작품은 여주인공 치히로가 이세계(异世界)에서 보내게 되는 판타지 여정을 그린 작품으로서 2003년 <아이스 에이지>(Ice Age)등을 제치고 아시아 유일의 아카데미 애니메이션 상을 수상했다. 이 작품은 개봉한 지 이미 18년이라는 세월이 지났음에도 불구하고 2019년 중국 내 재개봉 버전에서 약 4억 8,800억 위안에 달하는 흥행에 성공하며 중국인 성인관객을 끌어 모았다. <센과 치히로의 행방불명>의 성공은 이 작품이 일본 문화를 근거로 한 ‘글로벌’적인 애니메이션임을 방증한다. 미야자키 하야오는 자신만의 독창적인 제작 방식으로 각종 문화의 장벽을 허물었으며 영화 관람 집단이 연령과 국가를 뛰어넘어 형성되어 있다는 점에서 지극히 높은 참고와 학습적 의의를 지니고 있다고 한다. 본 논문은 극작의 패턴을 분석하는 것을 통해 <센과 치히로의 행방불명>이 조지프 캠벨의 ‘영웅의 여행’이라는 패턴에 부합한다고 제시한다. 이 작품은 관중들로 하여금 감정적으로 작품과 연결되게 하는 데 성공하였다. 이의 주제는 보편적 의의와 긍정 에너지의 가치관을 가지고 있다. 동시에 작품에서 동서양의 원소가 융합되어 시각적으로 신기 한 특성을 일으켰다. <센과 치히로의 행방불명>에 대한 분석을 통해 미야자키 하야오의 애니메이션이 컬처 디스카운트를 낮추고 세계적으로 성공한 이유는 스토리텔링이 관객을 만족시키고 흥행의 근본 보증이라는 점을 들었다. 창작할 때에는 해외관객의 문화배경을 고려해야 하며, 영상내용 중 역사문화와 기존의 배경이 있어야 이해할 수 있는 정보를 간소화해야 하며, 보편적 가치의 창작 주제를 통해 국내외의 관객에게 접근해야 하며, 동서양 문화 간의 합리적인 융합과 혁신을 진행해야 한다. The word “cross-cultural communication” was first pointed out by Edward hall in the book 〈Silent language〉. It refers to the interpersonal communication and information communication activities between social members in different cultural backgrounds, involving the process of migration, diffusion and change of various cultural elements in the global society, as well as their impact on different groups, cultures, countries and even human communities. Under the joint action of economic globalization and cultural globalization, the cross-cultural communication of animation has become a contemporary phenomenon. 〈Spirited Away〉, which was premiered in Japan in 2001, has achieved success in cross-cultural communication. This is a two-dimensional animation, based on Japan’s local culture, about the heroine Chihiro Ogino’s fantasy journey in a different world. This animation beated the 〈Ice age〉 and other films in the competition in 2003 and won the only Oscar animated feature film in Asia. Even after 18 years the film was released, the remake in China in 2019 was still attracted a large number of Chinese adult audiences, and the box office reached 488 million yuan. The success of 〈Spirited Away〉 is enough to see that this is a typical “international” animation based on Japanese culture. Hayao Miyazaki has eliminated various cultural barriers with his unique production method, and the audience of the film has formed a leap between age and country, which is of great significance for reference and learning. Through the analysis of the drama mode, this paper finds that 〈Spirited Away〉 is in line with Joseph Campbell’s “heroic journey” mode. It successfully connects the audience emotionally with the work. The theme of the film adopts the values of universal significance and positive energy. At the same time, the integration of eastern and Western elements in the work has produced novel visual characteristics. Through the analysis of 〈Spirited Away〉, this paper puts forward that Hayao Miyazaki’s animated films can reduce the cultural discount. The reasons for their success in the world include that the way of story telling is the fundamental guarantee to meet the audience and win the box office. In the creation of animated films, we should consider the cultural background of overseas audiences, simplify the information that can be understood only by historical culture and existing background in the film content, attract domestic and foreign audiences through the creative theme of universal value, and carry out reasonable integration and innovation between eastern and Western cultures.

Compressive behavior of steel stirrups-confined square Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) columns

Zheng, Pan-deng,Guo, Zi-xiong,Hou, Wei,Lin, Guan Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.3

Extensive research has been conducted on the basic mechanical property and structural applications of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). Despite the high tensile ductility and high toughness of ECC, transverse steel reinforcement is still necessary to confine ECC for high performance. However, limited research has examined performance of ECC confined with practical amount of transverse reinforcement. This paper presents the results of axial compression tests on 14 square ECC columns and 4 conventional concrete columns (used as control specimens) with transverse reinforcement. The test variables were spacing, configuration (square ties or square and diamond shape ties), and yield strength of stirrups. The test showed that ECC columns confined with steel stirrup had good compressive ductility, and the stirrup spacing had the greatest effect on the compressive performance. The self-confinement effect of ECC results in a more uniform but slower expansion of the whole column compared with CC ones. The test results are then compared against the predictions from a number of existing models for conventional confined concrete. It is indicated that these models fail to predict the axial strains at peak axial stress and the trend of the stress-strain curve of steel stirrups-confined ECC with sufficient accuracy. Several new equations are then proposed for the compressive properties of steel-confined ECC based on test results and potential approaches for future studies are proposed.

중국 신화의 IP 애니메이션 창작에 관한 연구 -〈Legend of Deification(姜子牙)〉를 중심으로

판덩(Pan, Deng),이종한(Lee, Jong-han) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2020 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.61

오랫동안 계승되어 온 신화의 서사는 전통적이지만 이를 표현하는 방식은 현대적이어야 한다. 신화의 존재 의미는 신화 서사의 끊임없는 연속성이다. 서로 다른 사회 맥락에서 신화의 서사는 행동 주체로서 현대인들의 심리적 욕구를 충족시키기 위해, 우리는 주로 창의적인 방식으로 신화를 설명해야 한다. 글로벌화의 흐름에 따라 애니메이션은 전파하는 매개체로서 신화 이야기를 담는 중요한 경로이다. 미디어를 통해 신화의 전파 속도를 크게 가속화 시켰고 신화지식 재산권(IP)은 애니메이션의 창작에 대량의 소재를 제공해 주었다. 이와 동시에 다양한 애니메이션으로 창작할 수 있는 지식 재산권(IP)의 활용 역시 뚜렷해지고 있다. 중국에서는 전통 신화 지식 재산권(IP)으로 애니메이션을 각색 제작하는 것이 최신 트렌드가 되었고, 그 중 입소문을 타고 박스 오피스 성적이 우수한 영화들이 나타나면서 중국 애니메이션의 부흥을 기대하게 한다. 더불어 일부 학자들은 “봉신 유니버스”를 만들 것을 제안하기도 하였다. 〈Legend of Deification(姜子牙)〉는 광선 미디어(ENLIGHT MEDIA)의 “신화 3부작” 중 하나로 개봉 초반부터 많은 관심을 받았다. 〈나타지마동강세(哪吒之魔童降世)〉와는 완전히 다른 창작 스타일로 인해 두 영화에 대한 호불호가 극명하게 갈렸다. 중국신화 지식 재산권(IP)으로 애니메이션을 어떻게 창작할 지에 대한 방법을 연구하기 위해 우선 최근의 중국 애니메이션 박스오피스를 중심으로 분석하고 이 후〈Legend of Deification(姜子牙)〉를 주요 대상으로 영화 창작에서의 발전 방향을 분석함으로써 중국 애니메이션의 신화 IP 창작에 대한 참고 의미를 제시하고자 한다. The essence of myth is traditional, but its presentation should be modern. The significance of myth lies in the continuous continuation of myth narration. In different social contexts, as the main actors of myth narrative, we need to actively and creatively narrate myths to meet the psychological needs of contemporary human beings. In the tide of globalization, animation, as a medium of communication, is an important way to spread fairy tales. This media greatly accelerates the speed of the spread of myth, and myth IP also provides a lot of materials for animation creation. In recent years, the trend of adaptation and creation of Chinese animation with mythical IP has become more and more obvious. Some films with excellent reputation and box office have appeared, which let the audience see the hope of the revival of Chinese animation. Many Chinese scholars have also put forward the long cherished wish of creating "apotheosis universe". As one of the "myth Trilogy" of ENLIGHT MEDIA, 〈Legend of Deification〉 has attracted much attention from the beginning of its release. The film presents a completely different creative style from 〈Ne zha〉, which also leads to the polarization of reputation of 〈Legend of Deification〉. In order to study how to create Chinese mythical IP animation, this paper first analyzes the characteristics of animation creation of myth IP theme on the box office of Chinese animation in recent years. Then, taking 〈Legend of Deification〉 as the main object, this paper analyzes the breakthrough in the creation of the film, so as to provide reference for the myth IP creation of Chinese animation.

Gamification teaching for low-grad children in primary school based on social emotional learning

Deng Jing,Pan Younghwan 한국서비스디자인학회 2021 한국서비스디자인학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2021 No.-

Ginsenoside Rg3 increases gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma via reducing ZFP91 mediated TSPYL2 destabilization

Pan, Haixia,Yang, Linhan,Bai, Hansong,Luo, Jing,Deng, Ying The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.5

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3 and gemcitabine have mutual enhancing antitumor effects. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study explored the influence of ginsenoside Rg3 on Zinc finger protein 91 homolog (ZFP91) expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and their regulatory mechanisms on gemcitabine sensitivity. Methods: RNA-seq and survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-PAAD and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were used for in-silicon analysis. PANC-1, BxPC-3, and PANC-1 gemcitabine-resistant (PANC-1/GR) cells were used for in vitro analysis. PANC-1 derived tumor xenograft nude mice model was used to assess the influence of ginsenoside Rg3 and ZFP91 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced ZFP91 expression in PAAD cells in a dose-dependent manner. ZFP91 upregulation was associated with significantly shorter survival of patients with PAAD. ZFP91 overexpression induced gemcitabine resistance, which was partly conquered by ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. ZFP91 depletion sensitized PANC-1/GR cells to gemcitabine treatment. ZFP91 interacted with Testis-Specific Y-Encoded-Like Protein 2 (TSPYL2), induced its poly-ubiquitination, and promoted proteasomal degradation. Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment weakened ZFP91-induced TSPYL2 poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Enforced TSPYL2 expression increased gemcitabine sensitivity of PAAD cells and partly reversed induced gemcitabine resistance in PANC-1/GR cells. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 can increase gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at least via reducing ZFP91 mediated TSPYL2 destabilization.

Fatty acid-binding protein 5 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes hypoxic injury in LO2 cells

Pan Long,Pang Yihan,Xiao Heng,Deng Xin,Chen Qingsong 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2022 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.18 No.1

Background Hepatic hypoxia always results in liver inflammation and dysfunction. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) has been reported as a hypoxia-inducible gene and a regulator of inflammatory reaction . Objective To evaluate the effects of FABP5 on hypoxic liver injury and its potential mechanisms. Results FABP5 was hypoxia-inducible expression in liver tissues and LO2 cells. The expression levels of IL6 and TNFα were upregulated with the increasing expression of FABP5 in LO2 cells. Downregulation of FABP5 expression decreased the expression levels of ALT, AST and increased cell viability of hypoxic LO2 cells. Downregulation of FABP5 expression inhibited the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) pathway and decreased inflammatory reaction in hypoxic LO2 cells. Conclusions FABP5 was shown to activate COX-2/PGE2 pathway and promote hypoxic injury in LO2 cells. FABP5 may be a potential target for the treatment of hypoxic liver injury.

QTL mapping and identification of candidate genes for cold tolerance at the germination stage in wild rice

Pan Ying-Hua,Nong Bao-Xuan,Chen Lei,Yang Xing-Hai,Xia Xiu-Zhong,Zhang Zong-Qiong,Qing Dong-Jin,Gao Ju,Huang Cheng-Cui,Li Dan-Ting,Deng Guo-Fu 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.7

Background Cold damage stress significantly affects rice growth (germination and seedling) and causes serious losses in yield in temperate and high-altitude areas around the globe. Objective This study aimed to explore the cold tolerance (CT) locus of rice and create new cold-tolerant germplasm. We constructed a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) with strong CT and fine mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CT by performing the whole-genome resequencing of CSSL with phenotypes under cold treatment. Methods A chromosome CSSL, including 271 lines from a cross between the cold-tolerant wild rice Y11 (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and the cold-sensitive rice variety GH998, was developed to map QTLs conferring CT at the germination stage. The whole-genome resequencing was performed on CSSL for mapping QTLs of associated with CT at the germination stage. Results A high-density linkage map of the CSSLs was developed using the whole-genome resequencing of 1484 bins. The QTL analysis using 615,466 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) led to the identification of 2 QTLs related to germination rate at low-temperature on chromosome 8 (qCTG-8) and chromosome 11 (qCTG-11). The qCTG-8 and qCTG-11 explained 14.55% and 14.31% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. We narrowed down qCTG-8 and qCTG-11 to 195.5 and 78.83-kb regions, respectively. The expression patterns of important candidate genes in different tissues, and of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in CSSLs, were identified based on gene sequences in qCTG-8 and qCTG-11 cold-induced expression analysis. LOC_Os08g01120 and LOC_Os08g01390 were identified as candidate genes in qCTG-8, and LOC_Os11g32880 was identified as a candidate gene in qCTG-11. Conclusions This study demonstrated a general method that could be used to identify useful loci and genes in wild rice and aid in the future cloning of candidate genes of qCTG-8 and qCTG-11. The CSSLs with strong CT were supported for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties.

Roles of E-Cadherin (CDH1) Genetic Variations in Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis

Deng, Qi-Wen,He, Bang-Shun,Pan, Yu-Qin,Sun, Hui-Ling,Xu, Ye-Qiong,Gao, Tian-Yi,Li, Rui,Song, Guo-Qi,Wang, Shu-Kui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

E-Cadherin (CDH1) genetic variations may be involved in invasion and metastasis of various cancers by altering gene transcriptional activity of epithelial cells. However, published studies on the association of CDH1 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk remain contradictory, owing to differences in living habits and genetic backgrounds. To derive a more better and comprehensive conclusion, the present meta-analysis was performed including 57 eligible studies of the association between polymorphisms of CDH1 gene promoter -160 C>A, -347 G>GA and 3'-UTR +54 C>T and cancer risk. Results showed that these three polymorphisms of CDH1 were significantly associated with cancer risk. For -160 C>A polymorphism, -160A allele carriers (CA and CA+AA) had an increased risk of cancer compared with the homozygotes (CC), and the similar result was discovered for the -160A allele in the overall analyses. In the subgroup analyses, obvious elevated risk was found with -160A allele carriers (AA, CA, CA+AA and A allele) for prostate cancer, while a decreased colorectal cancer risk was shown with the AA genotype. For the -347 G>GA polymorphism, the GAGA genotype was associated with increased cancer risk in the overall analysis with homozygous and recessive models. In addition, results of subgroup analysis indicated that the elevated risks were observed in colorectal cancer and Asian descendants. For +54 C>T polymorphism, a decreased risk of cancer was found in heterozygous, dominant and allele models. Moreover, +54T allele carriers (CT, CT+TT genotype and T allele) showed a potential protective factor in gastric cancer and Asian descendants.