Damage assessment of structures from changes in natural frequencies using genetic algorithm

Damodar Maity,Rashmi Ranjan Tripathy 국제구조공학회 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.19 No.1

A method is presented to detect and assess the structural damage from changes in natural frequencies using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Using the natural frequencies of the structure, it is possible to formulate the inverse problem in optimization terms and then to utilize a solution procedure employing GA to assess the damages. The technique has been applied to a cantilever beam and a plane frame, each one with different damage scenario to study the efficiency of the developed algorithm. A laboratory tested data has been used to verify the proposed algorithm. The study indicates the potentiality of the developed code to solve a wide range of inverse identification problems in a systematic way. The outcomes show that this method can detect and estimate the amount of damages with satisfactory precision.

Analysis of a Targeted Intervention Programme on the Risk Behaviours of Injecting Drug Users in India: Evidence From the National Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey

Damodar Sahu,Varsha Ranjan,Nalini Chandra,Saritha Nair,Anil Kumar,Elangovan Arumugam,Mendu Vishnu Vardhana Rao 대한예방의학회 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Objectives: This study provides insights on the impact of a targeted intervention (TI) programme on behaviour change among injecting drug users (IDUs) in India. Methods: This paper examined the data from the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance 2014-2015 for IDUs in India. Logistic regression was performed to understand the factors (TI programme services) that affected injecting risk behaviours by adjusting for covariates. Propensity score matching was conducted to understand the impact of the TI programme on using new needles/syringes and sharing needles/syringes in the most recent injecting episode by accounting for the covariates that predicted receiving the intervention. Results: Participants who received new needles and syringes from peer educators or outreach workers were 1.3 times (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.53) more likely to use new needles/syringes during most recent injecting episode than participants who did not receive needles/syringes. The matched-samples estimate (i.e., average treatment effect on treated) of using new needles in the most recent injecting episode showed a 2.8% (95% CI, 0.0 to 5.6) increase in the use of new needles and a 6.5% (95% CI, -9.7 to -3.3) decrease in needle sharing in the most recent injecting episode in participants who received new needles/syringes. There was a 2.2% (95% CI, -3.8 to -0.6) decrease in needle sharing in the most recent injecting episode among participants who were referred to other services (integrated counselling and testing centre, detox centres, etc.). Conclusions: The TI programme proved to be effective for behaviour change among IDUs, as substantiated by the use of new needles/syringes and sharing of needles/syringes.

Expeditious Synthesis of Natural Benzofuran, Eupomatenoid-6 by Umpolung of α-Aminophosphonates

Damodar, Kongara,Jun, Jong-Gab Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.12

Simple and practical synthesis of natural benzofuran derivative eupomatenoid-6 via Horner-Emmons type condensation as the key step is described. The umpolung property of aldehyde derivative, ${\alpha}$-aminophosphonate was efficiently employed in this reaction. ${\alpha}$-Aminophosphonate of anisaldehyde subjected to Horner-Emmons type condensation with 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzaldehyde to yield the deoxybenzoin, which was further methylated and then underwent tandem demethylation-cyclodehydration to afford the benzofuran scaffold in excellent yield. Finally Suzuki coupling with propenyl boronic acid afforded eupomatenoid-6 with an overall yield of 56.8%.

Status, Distribution, Conservation and Use Value of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

Damodar Gaire 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.3

The study attempts to assess the status, distribution, conservation and use value of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (MAPs) in the Sagarmatha National Park. Altogether 62 species of MAPs belonging to 47 genera and 33 families have been recorded in the study area. 10 species, belonging to 9 families are categorized as the potential species. Out of the these species, most potential in local but threatened species are Allium hypsistum Stearn, Cordyceps sinensis Sacc, Dactylorhiza hatagirea Soo, Nardostachys grandiflora DC, Aconitum orochryseum, Ephedra gerardiana Wall. Ex. Stapf, Swertia multicaulis D. Don, Picrorhiza scrophulariflora Penne, Rheum australe. D. Don, Malva verticillataL and Swertia pedicallata Benerji. By analysis of data using Simpson’s diversity index (SI) and Shannon weaver function (H’), there was high diversity (more heterogeneous) MAPs species composition in the Manjo Gate to Large Dobhan. (0.98349). Less diversity (less heterogeneous) MAPs species composition was in Tyanboche to Pangoche (0.90419). Similarly, the Shannon weaver function shows that in plots laying out in Mongla to Phorche are evenly distributed than others However, higher MAPs species (i.e., 31) was found in the way of Manjo Gate to Larja Dobhan than others.

Variation of Medicinal Plants Species Richness along Vertical Gradient in Makawanpur District, Nepal

Damodar Gaire,Lichun Jiang,Vijay Kumar Yadav,Jit Narayan Shah,Sunita Dhungana,Anju Upadhyaya,Shiv Kumar Manjan,Binod Kumar Heyojoo 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2021 Journal of Forest Science Vol.37 No.2

The research attempted to analyze the medicinal plant species richness in the vertical gradient from lower to the highest elevation of Makawanpur, focusing on the relationship between species richness and elevation which is very important for conservation and management of species diversity. Inventory was carried out in the study area by taking sampling intensity of 0.5% in the effective area. Altogether, 42 sample plots were laid in the field with the help of GIS software maintaining 50 m altitude difference. High species diversity was found in the herbs species whereas shrubs have comparatively low species diversity. The maximum species richness is found in herbs and poles whereas shrubs and trees have relatively low species richness. Research showed that species richness of medicinal plants increased with altitudinal gradient. While analyzing the species richness from 350 to 2,550 m (msl), the highest species richness was received with the elevation ranges from 1,800 m to 2,300 m. There was a positive relationship between species richness and altitudinal gradient in the study area. In addition, we have recorded the high value medicinal plants after 1,800 m altitude and rarely within 1,000 m. Medicinal plants correlated both positive and negative relationships with the increased altitude. The altitudinal response has positively seen except density (n/ha) of Shrubs. Domestication and cultivation of high value medicinal plants should be promoted in community forest including private lands. Training, workshops and awareness programs should be conducted to make people aware about medicinal plants resource utilization, conservation and commercialization of available medicinal plants.

Synthesis and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of homoisoflavonoids as potent inhibitors of nitric oxide production in RAW-264.7 cells

Damodar, Kongara,Lee, Jeong Tae,Kim, Jin-Kyung,Jun, Jong-Gab Elsevier 2018 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters Vol.28 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Syntheses of natural homoisoflavonoids, (±)-portulacanones A–C (<B>4</B>, <B>8</B> and <B>9</B>), portulacanone D (<B>6</B>), isolated from <I>Portulaca oleracea</I> L. (POL) and their derivatives (<B>3</B>, <B>5</B> and <B>7</B>) have been achieved for the first time along with the synthesis of known derivatives (<B>1</B> and <B>2</B>) and their <I>in vitro</I> inhibitory effect against NO production in LPS-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages was evaluated as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. All the compounds tested had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on NO production by RAW-264.7 macrophages without obvious cytotoxicity. Compounds <B>3</B> (97.2% at 10 μM; IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 1.26 µM) followed by <B>6</B> (portulacanone D) (92.5% at 10 μM; IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 2.09 µM), <B>1</B> (91.4% at 10 μM; IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 1.75 µM) and <B>7</B> (83.0% at 10 μM; IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 2.91 µM) were the most potent from the series. This finding was further correlated with the suppressed expression of iNOS induced by LPS. Our promising preliminary results may provide the basis for the assessment of compound <B>3</B> as a lead structure for a NO production-targeted anti-inflammatory drug development and also could support the usefulness of POL as a folklore medicinal plant in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Unified syntheses of gramniphenols F and G, cicerfuran, morunigrol C and its derivative

Damodar, Kongara,Kim, Jin-Kyung,Jun, Jong-Gab Elsevier 2016 Tetrahedron letters: the international organ for t Vol.57 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The first syntheses of natural benzofurans, gramniphenols F and G, morunigrol C and its 3′,5′-di-<I>O</I>-methyl analogue along with the synthesis of cicerfuran are achieved by a unified synthetic sequence using 7-hydroxycoumarin, 5-bromoresorcinol, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and sesamol as building blocks. Ramirez <I>gem</I>-dibromoolefination, Miyaura borylation, Suzuki coupling have been successfully exploited in the synthesis. Additionally, their <I>anti</I>-inflammatory effects were also investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages. The compounds exhibited significant inhibition of iNOS mediated nitric oxide (NO) production with no cytotoxicity at 10μM concentration and IC<SUB>50</SUB> values are found in the range from 9.1 to 25.2μM.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

An Expeditious Stereoselective Synthesis of (−)-Pinidinone from Ethyl Acetoacetate

Kongara Damodar,전종갑 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.4

An expeditious stereoselective synthesis of a naturally occurring 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloid, (−)-pinidinone, has been accomplished with an overall yield of 31% in total eight steps. The synthesis involves ethyl acetoacetate as the starting material and the stereoselective α-aminoallylation of aldehyde with (S)-tert-butanesulfinamide, allyl bromide, and indium and Grubbs’ olefin cross-metathesis as the pivotal steps.

Expeditious Synthesis of Natural Benzofuran, Eupomatenoid-6 by Umpolung of α-Aminophosphonates

Kongara Damodar,전종갑 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.12

Simple and practical synthesis of natural benzofuran derivative eupomatenoid-6 via Horner-Emmons type condensation as the key step is described. The umpolung property of aldehyde derivative, α-aminophosphonate was efficiently employed in this reaction. α-Aminophosphonate of anisaldehyde subjected to Horner-Emmons type condensation with 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzaldehyde to yield the deoxybenzoin, which was further methylated and then underwent tandem demethylation-cyclodehydration to afford the benzofuran scaffold in excellent yield. Finally Suzuki coupling with propenyl boronic acid afforded eupomatenoid-6 with an overall yield of 56.8%.

Damage assessment of structures from changes in natural frequencies using genetic algorithm

Maity, Damodar,Tripathy, Rashmi Ranjan Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.19 No.1

A method is presented to detect and assess the structural damage from changes in natural frequencies using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Using the natural frequencies of the structure, it is possible to formulate the inverse problem in optimization terms and then to utilize a solution procedure employing GA to assess the damages. The technique has been applied to a cantilever beam and a plane frame, each one with different damage scenario to study the efficiency of the developed algorithm. A laboratory tested data has been used to verify the proposed algorithm. The study indicates the potentiality of the developed code to solve a wide range of inverse identification problems in a systematic way. The outcomes show that this method can detect and estimate the amount of damages with satisfactory precision.