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Dynamic Simulation and Aircraft Level Assessment of CMC Implementation on GTF Engine
Da Mo,Ioannis Roumeliotis,Yixiong Liu,Christos Mourouzidis,Sajal Kissoon 한국항공우주학회 2023 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.24 No.3
This paper dynamically simulated the geared turbofan engine with CMC turbine components, including impacts of fuel schedule, shaft inertia, volume packing, BOV schedule. Deliberated comparisons were performed between CMC engine and Inconel engine on aircraft level performance and transient behaviour. Heat load examination is included in flight mission analysis, which lays the basis on the gearbox efficiency map related to torque and rotational speed. Results indicate that IPC surge margin of the CMC case slightly fall 0.15% but maintain steady. The mitigated T4 overshooting phenomenon has offered a 30 K drop and thus extended turbine life. More importantly, Fan shaft inertia dominantly affects engine operability, whereas the blow-off air fraction severely impacts the low power setting operation. Further investigation of heat load reveals that power loss at take-off segment accounts for 1.1% of IP shaft input power, which is 3.98% higher than Inconel case. The thermal management system needs to be redesigned to absorb extra heat. On assessment of aircraft level performance, CMC engine provides superior profits in maximizing airline revenue. The predicted annual fuel cost saving is about 0.08 million dollars coming from block fuel reduction. NOx, noise and CO2 demonstrate obvious decline, approaching 5.9%, 1.0% and 4.9%, respectively.
Gugan Kothandan, Jagadeesan Ganapathy, Kannan Damodharan, Aravindhan Sanmargam 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.2
The crystal structure of the title compounds with both coumarin and sulfonamide moieties were examined. These two groups have very special for their pharmaceutical and medicinal properties have been determined from single crystal Xray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with unit cell dimension a = 28.633(3) Å, b= 9.3215(7) Å and c= 24.590(2) Å [alpha & gamma=90o beta= 115.976(3)o]. In the structure The S1 atom shows a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with O1—S1—O2 [119.74 (2)°] and N1-S1-C5 [105.57(1)o] angles deviating from ideal tetrahedral values are attributed to the Thrope-Ingold effect. The sum of bond angles around N1 (316.2(1)o) indicates that N1 is in sp2 hybridization. The Pyridine ring adopts boat conformation and pyran rings adopt a sofa conformation. The carboxylate group of atoms were disordered over two positions with site occupancy factors 0.598 (9):0.402 (9). Crystal structure and packing is stabilized by C-H…O intra and inter molecular hydrogen bond interactions.
IL28B Is Associated with Outcomes of Chronic HBV Infection
Xiaodong Shi,Junqi Niu,Xiumei Chi,Yu Pan,Yanhang Gao,Wanyu Li,Chen Yang,Jin Zhong,Damo Xu,Manna Zhang,Gerald Minuk,Jing Jiang 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.3
Purpose: The role of IL28B gene variants and expression in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are not well understood. Here, we evaluated whether IL28B gene expression and rs12979860 variations are associated with HBV outcomes. Materialsand Methods: IL28B genetic variations (rs12979860) were genotyped by pyrosequencingof DNA samples from 137 individuals with chronic HBV infection [50 inactive carriers (IC), 34 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 27 cirrhosis, 26 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)], and 19 healthy controls. IL28A/B mRNA expression in peripheralblood mononuclear cells was determined by qRT-PCR, and serum IL28B proteinwas measured by ELISA. Results: Patients with IL28B C/C genotype had greater IL28A/B mRNA expression and higher IL28B protein levels than C/T patients. Within the various disease stages, compared to IC and healthy controls, IL28B expression was reduced in the CHB, cirrhosis, and HCC cohorts (CHB vs. IC, p=0.02; cirrhosis vs. IC, p=0.01; HCC vs. IC, p=0.001; CHB vs. controls, p<0.01; cirrhosis vs. controls, p<0.01; HCC vs. controls, p<0.01). When stratified with respect to serum HBV markers in the IC and CHB cohorts, IL28B mRNA and protein levels were higher in HBeAg-positive than negative individuals (p=0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with high IL28B proteinlevels were C/C versus C/T genotype [p=0.016, odds ratio (OR)=0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.08‒0.78], high alanine aminotransferase values (p<0.001, OR=8.02, 95% CI=2.64‒24.4), and the IC stage of HBV infection (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that IL28B genetic variations may play an important role in long-term development of disease in chronic HBV infections.