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DAKE Mitsuya 동국대학교 불교학술원 2022 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.32 No.1
This article discusses how Southern Song Buddhism, which flourished in the Taizhou 台州, Hangzhou 杭州 and Ningbo 寧波 area, positively impacted the transformational movement of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism in the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Recently, several excellent academic books were published in Japan that address the development of Buddhist thought during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–960) and Song periods (960–1279) and Sino-Japanese Buddhist exchange from the perspective of cultural and textual relationships across East Asian during this era. These studies reveal the trans-sectarian and trans-national characteristics of Sino-Japanese Buddhist exchange during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. These studies demonstrate not only cutting-edge methodological approaches by modern scholars, but also why comprehensive research of and knowledge about transformational Japanese Buddhist movements in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries is necessary for understanding the history of the development of Chinese and Japanese Buddhism. In this article, I overview the impact of Southern Song Buddhism on the development of Japanese Buddhism, especially the transformational movement of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries focusing on Shinran 親鸞 (1173–1263), who is the founder of Jōdo Shinshū or Shin Buddhist sect. He was one of the main figures of the transform movement of Japanese Pure Land in the thirteenth century. Shinran is also recognized as a seminal, sophisticated religious thinker in Japanese Buddhism, and he is remembered in modern times for his provocative and insightful writings. Here, I examine his main work, the Ken Jōdoshinjitsu Kyōgyōshō monrui 顕浄土真実教行証文類 (Collected Passages Revealing the True Teaching, Practice, and Realization; hereafter The True Teaching, Practice, and Realization) and analyze how Song-dynasty Buddhist texts, especially written by masters in the Hangzhou area brought back to Japan during this time, greatly impacted Shinran’s innovative and transformational thought.
NB-UVB Induces Melanocytic Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Neural Crest Stem Cells
( Dake Dong ),( Shujun Chen ),( Cheng Feng ),( Huizi Xiong ),( Xiaowei Xu ) 대한피부과학회 2020 Annals of Dermatology Vol.32 No.4
Background: Phototherapy is an important method to treat vitiligo. However, it is unclear how phototherapy affects melanocyte precursors and skin neural crest stem cells. Objective: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of narrow- band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) induced melanocyte lineage differentiated from human scalp-derived neural crest stem cells (HS-NCSCs). Methods: HS-NCSCs were expanded from scalp hair follicles. The c-Kit<sup>-</sup>/CD57<sup>-</sup> HS-NCSCs were isolated by cell sorting. Different doses of NB-UVB were used to irradiate these HS-NCSCs. Cell ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscope. Melanocyte marker expression was analyzed by Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and migration were also evaluated. Results: The c-Kit<sup>-</sup>/CD57<sup>-</sup> HS-NCSCs expressed embryonic NCSC biomarkers. NB-UVB at a dose of 100 mJ of NB-UVB had little effect on the cell proliferation of differentiated melanocytes from c-Kit<sup>-</sup>/CD57<sup>-</sup> HS-NCSCs, while 700 mJ inhibited cell proliferation significantly. The dendritic processes of differentiated melanocytes increased after radiation. The tyrosinase and Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1R) expression of differentiated melanocytes increased after NB-UVB exposure. The effect of NB-UVB on tyrosinase expression was modulated by signaling inhibitors H89 and PD98059 as well as Mc1R level in the cells. The migration ability of differentiated melanocytes was enhanced under 100 mJ exposure. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that NB-UVB facilitates melanocytic differentiation of the HSNCSCs and enhances migration of these cells. Mc1R and cAMP pathway play a critical role in NB-UVB induced melanocytic differentiation. (Ann Dermatol 32(4) 289∼297, 2020)
廖大珂(Liao Dake) 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2010 디아스포라 연구 Vol.4 No.1
In Qing dynasty, both the number of trading countries and the scale of overseas trade dominated by Fujianese exceeded the previous. In this period, the Fujian overseas traders can be classified into bureaucrat merchants, investors, shipmasters and sailors, businessmen and Chinese emigrate traders. Moreover, there were a great number of passengers in the trading ships. In generally, investors built the trading ships and purchased cargoes, shipmasters led sailors to managed trading ships, businessmen embarked on ships for trading abroad, Chinese emigrate traders undertook the trade between local countries and China. There were a variety of their Managing Forms. Most of passengers were emigrants for making a living abroad.